### 4.4. 压缩图像

图 3.15. 用于JPEG保存的示例图像

If you have images that take up a large space on disk, you can reduce that space even without changing the image dimensions. One of the best image compressions is achieved by using the JPG format, but even if the image is already in this format, you can usually still make it take up less space, as the JPG format has an adaptive compression scheme that allows saving in varying levels of compression. The trade-off is that the less space an image takes, the more detail from the original image you lose. You should also be aware that repeated saving in the JPG format causes more and more image degradation.

Images are loaded and saved as .XCF files. Your JPG image has been loaded as XCF. GIMP offers you to File → Overwrite image-name.jpg or File → Export As to open the “Export Image” dialog.

图 3.16. “导出图像”对话框

The dialog opens with the file name already selected in the Name field, with the default extension. Delete the existing extension and type “.jpg” instead. GIMP will determine the file type from the extension. Click Export. This opens the Export Image as JPEG dialog that contains the Quality control.

The Export Image as JPEG dialog uses default values that reduce size in memory while retaining good visual quality; this is the safest and quickest thing to do.

图 3.17. 中等 JPEG 压缩示例

Quality: 90 (default); Size: 33.7 KiloBytes

Quality: 75; Size: 20.1 KiloBytes

Reduce the image Quality to make the image even smaller. Reduced quality degrades the image, so be certain to check “Show preview in image window” to visually gauge the degradation. A Quality setting of 10 produces a very poor quality image that uses very little disk space. A quality of 75 produces a reasonable image using much less disk space, which will, in turn, load much faster on a web page. Although the image is somewhat degraded, it is acceptable for the intended purpose.

最后，这里是同一张图片不同压缩程度的对比：

图 3.18. 高 JPEG 压缩示例

质量：10，大小：3.4 KB

质量：40，大小：9.3 KB

图 3.19. 中等 JPEG 压缩示例

质量：70，大小：15.2 KB

质量：100，大小：72.6 KB

4.3. 针对打印更改图像的大小 |  | 4.5. 裁剪图像

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