---
title: "FreeBSD/alpha 4.8-RELEASE Hardware Notes"
sidenav: download
---

++++


        <h3 class="CORPAUTHOR">The FreeBSD Documentation
        Project</h3>

        <p class="COPYRIGHT">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002,
        2003 by The FreeBSD Documentation Project</p>
        <hr />
      </div>

      <div class="TOC">
        <dl>
          <dt><b>Table of Contents</b></dt>

          <dt>1 <a href="#AEN11">Introduction</a></dt>

          <dt>2 <a href="#AEN16">Supported processors and
          motherboards</a></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>2.1 <a href="#AEN25">Overview</a></dt>

              <dt>2.2 <a href="#AEN44">In general, what do you need
              to run FreeBSD on an Alpha?</a></dt>

              <dt>2.3 <a href="#AEN105">System-specific
              information</a></dt>

              <dd>
                <dl>
                  <dt>2.3.1 <a href="#AEN110">AXPpci33
                  (``NoName'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.2 <a href="#AEN184">Universal Desktop Box
                  (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.3 <a href="#AEN270">Personal Workstation
                  (``Miata'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.4 <a href="#AEN380">DEC3000 family (the
                  ``Bird'' machines)</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.5 <a href="#AEN551">Evaluation Board 64
                  family</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.6 <a href="#AEN605">Evaluation Board 164
                  (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX, PC164SX'')
                  family</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.7 <a href="#AEN672">AlphaStation 200
                  (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'')
                  series</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.8 <a href="#AEN737">AlphaStation 500 and
                  600 (``Alcor'' &#38; ``Maverick'' for EV5,
                  ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.9 <a href="#AEN848">AlphaServer 1000
                  (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and
                  800(``Corelle'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.10 <a href="#AEN904">DS10/VS10/XP900
                  (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') / DS10L
                  (``Slate'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.11 <a href="#AEN1055">DS20/DS20E
                  (``Goldrush'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.12 <a href="#AEN1124">AlphaPC 264DP /
                  UP2000</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.13 <a href="#AEN1170">AlphaServer 2000
                  (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''), 2100A
                  (``Lynx'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.14 <a href="#AEN1241">AlphaServer 4x00
                  (``Rawhide'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.15 <a href="#AEN1272">AlphaServer 1200
                  (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200
                  (``DaVinci'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.16 <a href="#AEN1302">AlphaServer 8200
                  and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.17 <a href="#AEN1345">Alpha Processor
                  Inc. UP1000</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.18 <a href="#AEN1394">Alpha Processor
                  Inc. UP1100</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.19 <a href="#AEN1442">Alpha Processor
                  Inc. CS20, Compaq DS20L</a></dt>

                  <dt>2.3.20 <a href="#AEN1489">Compaq AlphaServer
                  ES40 (``Clipper'')</a></dt>
                </dl>
              </dd>

              <dt>2.4 <a href="#AEN1526">Supported Hardware
              Overview</a></dt>

              <dt>2.5 <a href="#AEN1558">Acknowledgments</a></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>

          <dt>3 <a href="#AEN1599">Supported Devices</a></dt>

          <dd>
            <dl>
              <dt>3.1 <a href="#AEN1605">Disk Controllers</a></dt>

              <dt>3.2 <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet
              Interfaces</a></dt>

              <dt>3.3 <a href="#AEN2903">FDDI Interfaces</a></dt>

              <dt>3.4 <a href="#AEN2913">ATM Interfaces</a></dt>

              <dt>3.5 <a href="#AEN2955">Wireless Network
              Interfaces</a></dt>

              <dt>3.6 <a href="#AEN3083">Miscellaneous
              Networks</a></dt>

              <dt>3.7 <a href="#AEN3093">ISDN Interfaces</a></dt>

              <dt>3.8 <a href="#AEN3157">Multi-port Serial
              Interfaces</a></dt>

              <dt>3.9 <a href="#AEN3257">Audio Devices</a></dt>

              <dt>3.10 <a href="#AEN3360">Camera and Video Capture
              Devices</a></dt>

              <dt>3.11 <a href="#USB">USB Devices</a></dt>

              <dt>3.12 <a href="#FIREWIRE">IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
              Devices</a></dt>

              <dt>3.13 <a href="#AEN3619">Cryptographic
              Accelerators</a></dt>

              <dt>3.14 <a href="#AEN3644">Miscellaneous</a></dt>
            </dl>
          </dd>
        </dl>
      </div>

      <div class="SECT1">
        <hr />

        <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN11" name="AEN11">1
        Introduction</a></h1>

        <p>This document contains the hardware compatability notes
        for FreeBSD 4.8-RELEASE on the Alpha/AXP hardware platform
        (also referred to as FreeBSD/alpha 4.8-RELEASE). It lists
        devices known to work on this platform, as well as some
        notes on boot-time kernel customization that may be useful
        when attempting to configure support for new devices.</p>

        <div class="NOTE">
          <blockquote class="NOTE">
            <p><b>Note:</b> This document includes information
            specific to the Alpha/AXP hardware platform. Versions
            of the hardware compatability notes for other
            architectures will differ in some details.</p>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="SECT1">
        <hr />

        <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN16" name="AEN16">2 Supported
        processors and motherboards</a></h1>
        <i class="AUTHORGROUP"><span class="CONTRIB">Maintained
        by</span> Wilko Bulte.</i> 

        <p>Additions, corrections and constructive criticism are
        invited. In particular, information on system quirks is
        more than welcome.</p>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN25" name="AEN25">2.1
          Overview</a></h2>

          <p>This document tries to provide a starting point for
          those who want to run FreeBSD on an Alpha-based machine.
          It is aimed at providing background information on the
          various hardware designs. It is not a replacement for the
          systems manuals.</p>

          <p>The information is structured as follows:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>general hardware requirements to run FreeBSD on
              alpha;</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>system specific information for each of the
              systems/boards supported by FreeBSD;</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>information on expansion boards for FreeBSD,
              including things that differ from what is in the
              generic supported hardware list.</p>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p><b>Note:</b> You will see references to DEC,
              Digital Equipment Corporation and Compaq used more or
              less interchangeably. Now that Compaq has acquired
              Digital Equipment it would be more correct to refer
              to Compaq only. Given the fact that you will see the
              mix of names everywhere, I don't bother.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p><b>Note:</b> SRM commands will be in <tt
              class="USERINPUT"><b>UPPER CASE</b></tt>. Lower case
              input is also acceptable to SRM. Upper case is used
              for clarity.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p><b>Note:</b> Compaq has put information on the Web
              for Linux developers that is also very useful for
              FreeBSD users. Please check at <a
              href="http://www.support.compaq.com/alpha-tools/"
              target="_top">Linux Alpha Power tools</a>.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN44" name="AEN44">2.2 In
          general, what do you need to run FreeBSD on an
          Alpha?</a></h2>

          <p>Obviously you will need an Alpha machine that FreeBSD
          knows about. Alpha machines are NOT like PCs. There are
          considerable differences between the various core logic
          chip sets and mainboard designs. This means that a kernel
          needs to know the intimate details of a particular
          machine before it can run on it. Throwing some odd <tt
          class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> kernel at unknown hardware
          is almost guaranteed to fail miserably.</p>

          <p>For a machine even to be considered for FreeBSD use
          please make sure it has the SRM console firmware
          installed. Or at least make sure that SRM console
          firmware is available for the particular machine type. If
          FreeBSD does not currently support your machine type,
          there is a good chance that this will change at some
          point in time, assuming SRM is available. All bets are
          off when SRM console firmware is not available.</p>

          <p>Machines with the ARC or AlphaBIOS console firmware
          were intended for WindowsNT. Some have SRM console
          firmware available in the system ROMs which you only have
          to select (via an ARC or AlphaBIOS menu). In other cases
          you will have to re-flash the ROMs with SRM code. Check
          on http://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/Alpha/firmware to see
          what is available for your particular system. In any
          case: no SRM means <span class="emphasis"><i
          class="EMPHASIS">no</i></span> FreeBSD (or NetBSD,
          OpenBSD, Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS for that matter). With the
          demise of WindowsNT/alpha a lot of former NT boxes are
          sold on the second hand market. They have little or no
          trade-in value when they are NT-only from the console
          firmware perspective. So, be suspicious if the price
          appears too good.</p>

          <p>Known non-SRM machines are:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Digital XL series</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Digital XLT series</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Samsung PC164UX (``Ruffian'')</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Samsung 164B</p>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <p>Machines that have SRM but are not supported by
          FreeBSD are:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>DECpc 150 (``Jensen'')</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DEC 2000/300 (``Jensen'')</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DEC 2000/500 (``Culzean'')</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>AXPvme series (``Medulla'')</p>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <p>To complicate things a bit further: Digital used to
          have so called ``white-box'' Alpha machines destined as
          NT-only and ``blue-box'' Alpha machines destined for
          OpenVMS and Digital Unix. These names are based on the
          color of the cabinets, ``FrostWhite'' and ``TopGunBlue''
          respectively. Although you could put the SRM console
          firmware on a whitebox, OpenVMS and Digital Unix will
          refuse to boot on them. FreeBSD in post-4.0-RELEASE will
          run on both the white and the blue-box variants. Before
          someone asks: the white ones had a rather different
          (read: cheaper) Digital price tag.</p>

          <p>As part of the SRM you will get the so called OSF/1
          PAL code (OSF/1 being the initial name of Digital's UNIX
          offering on Alpha). The PAL code can be thought of as a
          software abstraction layer between the hardware and the
          operating system. It uses normal CPU instruction plus a
          handful of privileged instructions specific for PAL use.
          PAL is not microcode. The ARC console firmware contains a
          different PAL code, geared towards WinNT and in no way
          suitable for use by FreeBSD (or more generic: Unix or
          OpenVMS). Before someone asks: Linux/alpha brings its own
          PAL code, allowing it to boot on ARC and AlphaBIOS. There
          are various reasons why this is not a very good idea in
          the eyes of the *BSD folks. I don't want to go into
          details here. If you are interested in the gory details
          search the FreeBSD and NetBSD web sites.</p>

          <p>There is another pitfall ahead: you will need a disk
          adapter that the SRM console firmware recognizes in order
          to be able to boot from a disk. What is acceptable to SRM
          as a boot adapter is unfortunately highly system and SRM
          version dependent. For older PCI based machines it means
          you will need either a NCR/Symbios 53C810 based adapter,
          or a Qlogic 1020/1040 based adapter. Some machines come
          with a SCSI chip embedded on the mainboard. Newer machine
          designs and SRM versions will be able to work with more
          modern SCSI chips/adapters. Check out the machine
          specific info below. Please note that the rest of this
          discussion only refers to Symbios chips, this is meant to
          include the older chips that still have NCR stamped on
          them. Symbios bought NCR sometime.</p>

          <p>The problem might bite those who have machines that
          started their lives as WindowsNT boxes. The ARC or
          AlphaBIOS knows about <span class="emphasis"><i
          class="EMPHASIS">other</i></span> adapter types that it
          can boot from than the SRM. For example you can boot from
          an Adaptec 2940UW with ARC/AlphaBios but (generally) not
          with SRM. Some newer machine types have introduced
          Adaptec boot support. Please consult the machine specific
          section for details.</p>

          <p>Most adapters that cannot be booted from work fine for
          data-only disks. The differences between SRM and ARC
          could also get you pre-packaged IDE CDROMs and hard
          drives in some (former WindowsNT) systems. SRM versions
          exist (depends on the machine type) that can boot from
          IDE disks and CDROMs. Check the machine specific section
          for details.</p>

          <p>FreeBSD 4.0 and later can be booted from the
          distribution CDROM. Earlier versions needed booting from
          a 2 disk floppy set.</p>

          <p>In order to be bootable the root partition (partition
          a) must be at offset 0 of the disk drive. This means you
          have to use the installer's partitioning menu and start
          with assigning partition a at offset 0 to the root
          partition. Subsequently layout the rest of the partitions
          to your liking. If you do not adhere to this rule the
          install will proceed just fine, but the system will not
          be bootable from the freshly installed disk.</p>

          <p>If you don't have/want a local disk drive you can boot
          via the Ethernet. This assumes an Ethernet adapter/chip
          that is recognized by the SRM console. Generally speaking
          this boils down to either a 21040 or 21142 or 21143 based
          Ethernet interface. Older machines or SRM versions may
          not recognize the 21142 / 21143 Fast Ethernet chips, you
          are then limited to using 10Mbit Ethernet for net booting
          those machines. Non-DEC cards based on said chips will
          generally (but are not guaranteed to) work. Note that
          Intel took over the 21x4x chips when it bought Digital
          Semiconductor. So you might see an Intel logo on them
          these days. Recent machine designs have SRM support for
          Intel 8255x Ethernet chips.</p>

          <p>Alpha machines can be run with SRM on a graphics
          console or on a serial console. ARC can also be run on a
          serial consoles if need be. VT100 emulation with 8 bit
          controls should at least allow you to switch from
          ARC/AlphaBIOS to SRM mode without having to install a
          graphics card first.</p>

          <p>If you want to run your Alpha machine without a
          monitor/graphics card just don't connect a keyboard/mouse
          to the machine. Instead hook up a serial
          terminal[emulator] to serial port #1. The SRM will talk
          9600N81 to you. This can also be really practical for
          debugging purposes. Beware: some/most (?) SRMs will also
          present you with a console prompt at serial port #2. The
          booting kernel, however, will display the boot messages
          on serial port #1 and will also put the console there.
          <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">This can be
          extremely confusing.</i></span></p>

          <p>Most PCI based Alphas can use ordinary PC-type VGA
          cards. The SRM contains enough smarts to make that work.
          It does not, however, mean that each and every PCI VGA
          card out on the street will work in an Alpha machine.
          Things like S3 Trio64, Mach64, and Matrox Millennium
          generally work. Old ET4000 based ISA cards have also
          worked for me. But ask around first before buying.</p>

          <p>Most PCI devices from the PC-world will also work in
          FreeBSD PCI-based machines. Check the <tt
          class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> file for
          the latest word on this. Check the appropriate machine
          type's discussion in case you want to use PCI cards that
          have PCI bridge chips on them. In some cases you might
          encounter problems with PCI cards not handling PCI parity
          correctly. This can lead to panics. PCI parity checking
          can be disabled using the following SRM command:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_PARITY OFF</b></tt>
</pre>

          <p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, all operating systems
          running on Alpha hardware will need this workaround.</p>

          <p>If your system (also) contains EISA expansion slots
          you will need to run the EISA Configuration Utility (ECU)
          after you have installed EISA cards or after you have
          upgraded your console firmware.</p>

          <p>For Alpha CPUs you will find multiple generations. The
          original Alpha design is the 21064. It was produced in a
          chip process called MOS4, chips made in this process are
          nicknamed EV4. Newer CPUs are 21164, 21264 etc. You will
          see designations like EV4S, EV45, EV5, EV56, EV6, EV67,
          EV68. The EVs with double digit numbers are slightly
          improved versions. For example EV45 has an improved FPU
          and 16 kByte on-chip separate I &amp; D caches compared
          to the EV4 on which it is based. Rule of thumb: the
          higher the digit immediately following ``EV'' the more
          desirable (read: faster / more modern).</p>

          <p>For memory you want at least 32 Mbytes. I have had
          FreeBSD run on a 16 Mbyte system but you will not enjoy
          that. Kernel build times halved when I went to 32 Mbytes.
          Note that the SRM console steals 2Mbyte from the total
          system memory (and keeps it). For more serious work 64
          Mbytes or more are recommended.</p>

          <p>While on the subject of memory: pay close attention to
          the type of memory your machine uses. There are very
          different memory configurations and requirements for the
          various machines.</p>

          <p>Final word: I expect the above to sound a bit daunting
          to the first-time Alpha user. Don't be daunted too much.
          And do feel free to ask questions if something is not
          clear after reading this document.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN105" name="AEN105">2.3
          System-specific information</a></h2>

          <p>Below is an overview of the hardware that FreeBSD runs
          on. This list will definitely grow, a look in <tt
          class="FILENAME">/sys/alpha/conf/GENERIC</tt> can be
          enlightening.</p>

          <p>Alpha machines are often best known by their project
          code name. Where known these are listed below in
          parentheses.</p>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN110" name="AEN110">2.3.1
            AXPpci33 (``NoName'')</a></h3>

            <p>The NoName is a baby-AT mainboard based on the 21066
            LCA (Low Cost Alpha) processor. NoName was originally
            designed for OEM-use. The LCA chip includes almost all
            of the logic to drive a PCI bus and the memory
            subsystem. All of this makes for a low-priced
            design.</p>

            <p>Due to the limited memory interface the system is
            not particularly fast in case of cache misses. As long
            as you stay inside the on-chip cache the CPU is
            comparable to a 21064 (first generation Alpha). These
            boards should be very cheap to obtain these days. It is
            a full-fledged 64 bit CPU, just don't expect miracles
            as far as speed goes.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at
                233MHz. 21068 CPUs are also possible, but are even
                slower.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 256k or 1 Mbyte
                (uses DIL chips)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port OR 5pin DIN
                keyboard (2 mainboard models)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode
                    SIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>70ns or better</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>installed in pairs of 2</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>uses ECC</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>512kB Flash ROM for the console code.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>floppy interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 embedded IDE interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>3 32 bit PCI slots (1 shared with ISA)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>5 ISA slots (1 shared with PCI)</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded Fast SCSI using a Symbios 53C810
                chip</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>NoNames can either have SRM <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">or</i></span> ARC
            console firmware in their Flash ROM. The Flash ROM is
            not big enough to hold both ARC and SRM at the same
            time and allow software selection of alternate console
            code. But you only need SRM anyway.</p>

            <p>Cache for the NoNames are 15 or 20 ns DIL chips. For
            a 256 kByte cache you want to check your junked 486
            mainboard. Chips for a 1 Mbyte cache are a rarer breed
            unfortunately. Getting at least a 256kByte cache is
            recommended performance wise. Cache-less they are
            really slow.</p>

            <p>The NoName mainboard has a PC/AT-standard power
            connector. It also has a power connector for 3.3 Volts.
            No need to rush out to get a new power supply. The 3.3
            Volts is only needed in case you run 3.3 Volts PCI
            expansion boards. These are quite rare.</p>

            <p>The IDE interface is supported by FreeBSD and
            requires a line in the kernel configuration file as
            follows:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device ata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14
</pre>

            <p>The SRM console unfortunately <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">cannot
            boot</i></span> from IDE disks. This means you will
            have to use a SCSI disk as the boot device.</p>

            <p>The NoName is somewhat stubborn when it comes to
            serial consoles. It needs</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    &gt;&gt;&gt; <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the
            keyboard from the machine is not sufficient, like it is
            on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical
            console needs</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    &gt;&gt;&gt; <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>at the serial console.</p>

            <p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to
            press <b class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b
            class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to
            capture the SRM's attention. I have never seen this
            myself, but it is worth trying if you are greeted by a
            blank screen after powerup.</p>

            <p>Make sure you use true 36 bit SIMMs, and only FPM
            (Fast Page Mode) DRAM. EDO DRAM or SIMMs with fake
            parity <span class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">will
            not work</i></span>. The board uses the 4 extra bits
            for ECC. 33 bit FPM SIMMs will for the same reason not
            work.</p>

            <p>Given the choice, get the PS/2-variant mainboard.
            Apart from giving you a mouse port as bonus it is
            directly supported by Tru64 Unix in case you ever want
            or need to run it. The ``DIN-plug''-variant should work
            OK for FreeBSD.</p>

            <p>The <a
            href="ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/DEC/axppci/design_guide.ps"
             target="_top">OEM manual</a> is recommended
            reading.</p>

            <p>The kernel configuration file for a NoName kernel
            must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_AXPPCI_33           
    cpu EV4
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN184" name="AEN184">2.3.2
            Universal Desktop Box (UDB or ``Multia'')</a></h3>

            <div class="NOTE">
              <blockquote class="NOTE">
                <p><b>Note:</b> Multia can be either Intel or Alpha
                CPU based. We assume Alpha based ones here for
                obvious reasons.</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>

            <p>Multia is a small desktop box intended as a sort of
            personal workstation. They come in a considerable
            number of variations, check closely what you get.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21066 Alpha CPU at 166 MHz or 21066A CPU at
                233MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: COAST-like 256 kByte
                cache module; 233MHz models have 512kByte of cache;
                166MHz models have soldered-on 256kB caches</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>bus width: 64 bits</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>PS/2 style 72 pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode
                    SIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>70ns or better</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>SIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>4 SIMM sockets</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>uses ECC</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>floppy interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 embedded 21040 based 10Mbit Ethernet, AUI and
                10base2 connector</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>1 32 bit PCI slot</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>2 PCMCIA slots</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Crystal CS4231 or AD1848 sound chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded Fast SCSI, using a Symbios 53C810[A]
                chip on the PCI riser card</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Multia has enough Flash ROM to store both SRM and
            ARC code at the same time and allow software selection
            of one of them.</p>

            <p>The embeded TGA video adapter is <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span>
            currently usable as a FreeBSD console. You will need to
            use a serial console.</p>

            <p>Multia has only one 32 bit PCI slot for expansion,
            and it is only suitable for a small form factor PCI
            card. By sacrificing the PCI slot space you can mount a
            3.5&quot; hard disk drive. Mounting stuff may have come
            with your Multia. Adding a 3.5&quot; disk is <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> a
            recommended upgrade due to the limited power rating of
            the power supply and the extremely marginal cooling of
            the system box.</p>

            <p>Multia also has 2 PCMCIA expansion slots. These are
            currently not supported by FreeBSD.</p>

            <p>The CPU might or might not be socketed, check this
            before considering CPU upgrade hacks. The low-end
            Multias have a soldered-in CPU.</p>

            <p>Multia has 2 serial ports but routes both of them to
            the outside world on a single 25 pin sub-D connector.
            The Multia FAQ explains how to build your own Y-cable
            to allow both ports to be used.</p>

            <p>Although the Multia SRM supports booting from floppy
            this can be problematic. Typically the errors look
            like:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    *** Soft Error - Error #10 - FDC: Data overrun or underrun
</pre>

            <p>This is not a FreeBSD problem, it is a SRM problem.
            The best available workaround to install FreeBSD is to
            boot from a SCSI CDROM.</p>

            <p>There have been reports that you sometimes need to
            press <b class="KEYCAP">Control</b>-<b
            class="KEYCAP">Alt</b>-<b class="KEYCAP">Del</b> to
            capture the SRM's attention. I have never seen this
            myself, but it is worth trying when you are greeted by
            a blank screen after powerup.</p>

            <p>Sound works fine using <a
            href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
            <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
            class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a> driver
            and a line in the kernel configuration file as follows
            for the Crystal CS4231 chip:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device pcm0 at isa? port 0x530  irq 9 drq 3 flags 0x15
</pre>

            <p>I have not yet been successful in getting my Multia
            with the AD1848 to play any sound.</p>

            <p>While verifying playback I was reminded of the lack
            of CPU power of the 166MHz CPU. MP3 only plays
            acceptable using 22kHz down-sampling.</p>

            <p>Multias are somewhat notorious for dying of heat
            strokes. The very compact box does not really allow
            access to cooling air. Please use the Multia on its
            vertical stand, don't put it horizontally (``pizza
            style''). Replacing the fan with something which pushes
            around more air is really recommended. You can also cut
            one of the wires to the fan speed sensor. Once cut, the
            fan runs at a (loud) full speed. Beware of PCI cards
            with high power consumption. If your system has died
            you might want to check the Multia-Heat-Death pages at
            the <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/"
            target="_top">NetBSD Web site</a> for help in reviving
            it.</p>

            <p>The Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge enables the use
            of an IDE disk. This requires a line in the kernel
            configuration file as follows:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device ata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14
</pre>

            <p>The IDE connector pin spacing is thought for
            2.5&quot; laptop disks. A 3.5&quot; IDE disk would not
            fit in the case anyway. At least not without
            sacrificing your only PCI slot. The SRM console
            unfortunately does not know how to boot from IDE disks.
            You will need to use a SCSI disk as the boot disk.</p>

            <p>In case you want to change the internal hard drive:
            the internal flat cable running from the PCI riser
            board to the <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">2.5&quot;</i></span> hard drive has a
            finer pitch than the standard SCSI flat cables.
            Otherwise it would not fit on the 2.5&quot; drives.
            There are also riser cards that have a standard-pitch
            SCSI cable attached to it, which will fit an ordinary
            SCSI disk.</p>

            <p>Again, I recommend against trying to cram a
            replacement hard disk inside. Use the external SCSI
            connector and put your disk in an external enclosure.
            Multias run hot enough as-is. In most cases you will
            have the external high density 50-pin SCSI connector
            but some Multia models came without disk and may lack
            the connector. Something to check before buying
            one.</p>

            <p>The kernel configuration file for a Multia kernel
            must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_AXPPCI_33
    cpu EV4
</pre>

            <p>Recommended reading on Multia can be found at <a
            href="http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html"
            target="_top">http://www.netbsd.org/Ports/alpha/multiafaq.html</a>
            or <a
            href="http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html"
            target="_top">http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/computers/udb.html</a>.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN270" name="AEN270">2.3.3
            Personal Workstation (``Miata'')</a></h3>

            <p>The Miata is a small tower machine intended to be
            put under a desk. There are multiple Miata variants.
            The original Miata is the MX5 model. Because it suffers
            from a number of hardware design flaws a redesign was
            done, yielding the MiataGL. Unfortunately the variants
            are not easily distinguishable at first sight from the
            outside of the case. An easy check is to see if the
            back of the machine sports two USB connectors. If yes,
            it is a MiataGL. MX5 models tend to be more common in
            the used system market place.</p>

            <p>System designations look like ``Personal Workstation
            433a''. Personal Workstation, being a bit of a
            mouthful, is often abbreviated to PWS. This means it
            has a 433 MHz CPU, and started life as a WinNT
            workstation (the trailing ``a''). Systems designated
            from day 1 to run Tru64 Unix or OpenVMS will sport
            ``433au''. WinNT-Miatas are likely to come
            pre-configured with an IDE CDROM drive. So, in general
            systems are named like PWS[433,500,600]a[u].</p>

            <p>There was also a Miata model with a special CPU
            cooling system by Kryotech. The Kryotech has a special
            cooling system and is housed in a different
            enclosure.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21164A EV56 Alpha CPU at 433, 500 or 600MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21174 core logic (``Pyxis'') chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Bcache / L3 cache: 0, 2 or 4 Mbytes
                (uses a cache module)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>bus width: 128 bits wide, ECC protected</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>unbuffered 72 bit wide SDRAMs DIMMs,
                    installed in pairs of 2</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>6 DIMM sockets</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>maximum memory 1.5 GBytes</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Fast Ethernet:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>MX5 uses a 21142 or 21143 Ethernet chip,
                    dependent on the version of the PCI riser
                    card</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>MiataGL has a 21143 chip</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>the bulkhead can be 10/100 Mbit UTP, or 10
                    Mbit UTP/BNC</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 on-board [E]IDE disk interfaces, based on the
                CMD646 (MX5) or the Cypress 82C693 (MiataGL)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI Qlogic 1040 [MiataGL only]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 64-bit PCI slots</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>3 32-bit PCI slots (behind a DEC PCI-PCI bridge
                chip)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>3 ISA slots (physically shared with the 32 bit
                PCI slots, via an Intel 82378IB PCI to ISA bridge
                chip)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>USB interface [MiataGL only]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded sound based on an ESS1888 chip</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>The Miata logic is divided into two printed circuit
            boards. The lower board in the bottom of the machine
            has the PCI and ISA slots and things like the sound
            chip etc. The top board has the CPU, the Pyxis chip,
            memory etc. Note that MX5 and the MiataGL use a
            different PCI riser board. This means that you cannot
            just upgrade to a MiataGL CPU board (with the newer
            Pyxis chip) but that you will also need a different
            riser board. Apparently an MX5 riser with a MiataGL CPU
            board will work but it is definitely not a supported or
            tested configuration. Everything else (cabinet, wiring,
            etc.) is identical for MX5 and MiataGL.</p>

            <p>MX5 has problems with DMA via the 2 64-bit PCI slots
            when this DMA crosses a page boundary. The 32 bit slots
            don't have this problem because the PCI-PCI bridge chip
            does not allow the offending transfers. The SRM code
            knows about the problem and refuses to start the system
            if there is a PCI card in one of the 64bit slots that
            it does not know about. Cards that are ``known good''
            to the SRM are allowed to be used in the 64bit
            slots.</p>

            <p>If you want to fool the SRM you can type <tt
            class="USERINPUT"><b>set pci_device_override</b></tt>
            at the SRM prompt. Just don't complain if your data
            mysteriously gets mangled.</p>

            <p>The complete command is:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE <tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>&lt;vendor_id&gt;</i></tt><tt
class="REPLACEABLE"><i>&lt;device_id&gt;</i></tt></b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>For example:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE 88c15333</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>The most radical approach is to use:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET PCI_DEVICE_OVERRIDE -1</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>This disables PCI ID checking altogether, so that
            you can install any PCI card without its ID getting
            checked. For this to work you need a reasonable current
            SRM version.</p>

            <div class="IMPORTANT">
              <blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
                <p><b>Important:</b> Do this on your own risk..</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>

            <p>The FreeBSD kernel reports it when it sees a buggy
            Pyxis chip:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
    Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
    Sep 16 18:39:43 miata /kernel: cia0: WARNING: Pyxis pass 1 DMA bug; no bets...
</pre>

            <p>A MiataGL probes as:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: Pyxis, pass 1
    Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: cia0: extended capabilities: 1&lt;BWEN&gt;
    Jan  3 12:22:32 miata /kernel: pcib0: &lt;2117x PCI host bus adapter&gt; on cia0
</pre>

            <p>MiataGL does not have the DMA problems of the MX5.
            PCI cards that make the MX5 SRM choke when installed in
            the 64bit slots are accepted without problems by the
            MiataGL SRM.</p>

            <p>The latest mainboard revisions of MX5 contain a
            hardware workaround for the bug. The SRM does not know
            about the ECO and will complain about unknown cards as
            before. So does the FreeBSD kernel by the way.</p>

            <p>The Miata SRM can boot from IDE CDROM drives. IDE
            hard disk boot is known to work for both MiataGL and
            MX5 disks, so you can root FreeBSD from an IDE disk.
            Speeds on MX5 are around 14 Mbytes/sec assuming a
            suitable drive. Miata's CMD646 chip will support up to
            WDMA2 mode as the chip is too buggy for use with
            UDMA.</p>

            <p>Miata MX5s generally use Qlogic 1040 based SCSI
            adapters. These are bootable by the SRM console. Note
            that Adaptec cards are <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> bootable by the Miata
            SRM console.</p>

            <p>The MiataGL has a faster PCI-PCI bridge chip on the
            PCI riser card than some of the MX5 riser card
            versions. Some of the MX5 risers have the <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">same</i></span>
            chip as the MiataGL. All in all there is a lot of
            variation.</p>

            <p>Not all VGA cards will work behind the PCI-PCI
            bridge. This manifests itself as no video at all.
            Workaround is to put the VGA card ``before'' the
            bridge, in one of the 64 bit PCI slots. Graphics
            performance using a 64 bit slot is generally
            substantially better.</p>

            <p>Both MX5 and MiataGL have an on-board sound chip, an
            ESS1888. It emulates a SoundBlaster and can be enabled
            by putting</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device pcm0
    device  sbc0
</pre>

            <p>in your kernel configuration file:</p>

            <p>in case your Miata has the optional cache board
            installed make sure it is firmly seated. A slightly
            loose cache has been observed to cause weird crashes
            (not surprising obviously, but maybe not so obvious
            when troubleshooting). The cache module is identical
            between MX5 and MiataGL.</p>

            <p>Installing a 2Mb cache module achieves, apart from a
            10-15% speed increase (based on buildworld elapsed
            time), a <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">decrease</i></span> for PCI DMA read
            bandwidth from 64bit PCI cards. A benchmark on a 64-bit
            Myrinet card resulted in a decrease from 149 Mbytes/sec
            to 115 Mbytes/sec. Something to keep in mind when doing
            really high speed things with 64 bit PCI adapters.</p>

            <p>Although the hardware allows you to install up to
            1.5Gbyte of memory, FreeBSD is limited to 1Gbyte
            because the DMA code does not correctly handle memory
            above 1Gbyte.</p>

            <p>Moving to a faster CPU is quite simple, swap out the
            CPU chip and set the clock multiplier dipswitch to the
            speed of the new CPU.</p>

            <p>If you experience SRM errors like</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    ERROR: scancode 0xa3 not supported on PCXAL
</pre>

            <p>after halting FreeBSD you should update your SRM
            firmware to V7.2-1 or later. This SRM version is first
            available on the Firmware Update CD V5.7, or on <a
            href="http://www.compaq.com/"
            target="_top">http://www.compaq.com/</a> This SRM
            problem is fixed on both Miata MX5 and Miata GL.</p>

            <p>USB is supported by FreeBSD 4.1 and later.</p>

            <p>Disconnect the power cord before dismantling the
            machine, the soft-power switch keeps part of the logic
            powered <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">even</i></span> when the machine is
            switched off.</p>

            <p>The kernel configuration file for a Miata kernel
            must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_ST550               
    cpu EV5
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN380" name="AEN380">2.3.4
            DEC3000 family (the ``Bird'' machines)</a></h3>

            <p>The DEC3000 series were among the first Alpha
            machines ever produced. They are based on an I/O bus
            called the TurboChannel (TC) bus. These machines are
            built like tanks (watch your back).</p>

            <p>DEC3000 can be subdivided in DEC3000/500-class and
            DEC3000/300-class. The DEC3000/500-class is the early
            high-end workstation/server Alpha family. Servers use
            serial consoles, workstations have graphics tubes.
            DEC3000/300-class is the lower-cost workstation
            class.</p>

            <p>DEC3000/500-class are quite fast (considering their
            age) thanks to the good memory design. DEC3000/300 is
            crippled compared to DEC3000/500 because of its much
            narrower memory bus.</p>

            <p>They are called ``Birds'' because their internal DEC
            code names were bird names:</p>

            <div class="INFORMALTABLE">
              <a id="AEN388" name="AEN388"></a>

              <table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/400</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Sandpiper</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    133MHz CPU, desktop</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/500</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Flamingo</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    150MHz CPU, floor standing</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/500X</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">Hot
                    Pink</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    200MHz CPU, floor standing</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/600</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Sandpiper+</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    175MHz CPU, desktop</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/700</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Sandpiper45</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    225MHz CPU, floor standing</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/800</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Flamingo Ultra</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    200MHz CPU, floor standing</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/900</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Flamingo45</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    275MHz CPU, floor standing</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/300</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Pelican</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    150MHz CPU, desktop, 2 TC slots</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/300X</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Pelican+</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    175MHz CPU, desktop, 2 TC slots</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/300LX</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Pelican+</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    125MHz CPU, desktop, 2 TC slots</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    DEC3000/300L</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    &nbsp;</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    100MHz CPU, desktop, no TC slots</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </div>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21064 CPU (100 to 200 MHz) or 21064A CPU (225 to
                275 MHz)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory DEC3000/500 class:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>bus width: 256 bit, with ECC</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>proprietary 100pin SIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>installed in sets of 8</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory DEC3000/300 class:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>bus width: 64 bit, with ECC</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>PS/2 style 72pin 36 bit FPM SIMMs 70ns or
                    better</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>used in pairs of 2</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Bcache / L2 cache: varying sizes, 512 kB to 2
                Mbyte</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>built-in 10Mbit Ethernet based on a Lance 7990
                chip, AUI and UTP</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>one or two SCSI buses based on a NCR53C94 or a
                NCR53CF94-2 chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 serial ports based on Zilog 8530 (one usable
                as a serial console)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded ISDN interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board 8 bit sound</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>8 bit graphics on-board or via a TC card
                (depending on model)</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Currently DEC3000 machines can only be used diskless
            on FreeBSD. The reason for this is that the SCSI
            drivers needed for the TC SCSI adapters were not
            brought into CAM that the recent FreeBSD versions use.
            TC option cards for single (PMAZ-A) or dual fast SCSI
            (PMAZC-AA) are also available. These cards currently
            have no drivers on FreeBSD either.</p>

            <p>DEC3000/300 has 5 MBytes/sec SCSI on-board. This bus
            is used for both internal and external devices.
            DEC3000/500 has 2 SCSI buses. One is for internal
            devices only, the other one is for external devices
            only.</p>

            <p>Floppy devices found in the DEC3000s are attached to
            the SCSI bus (via a bridge card). This makes it
            possible to boot from them using the same device names
            as ordinary SCSI hard-disks, for example:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>BOOT DKA300</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>The 3000/300 series has a half-speed TurboChannel
            compared to the other 3000 machines. Some TC expansion
            cards have troubles with the half-speed bus. Caveat
            emptor.</p>

            <p>The embedded ISDN interface is not supported on
            FreeBSD.</p>

            <p>DEC3000/300-class uses standard 36 bit, 72 pin Fast
            Page Mode SIMMs. EDO SIMMs, 32 or 33 bit SIMMs all will
            not work in Pelicans. For 32Mbyte SIMMs to work on the
            DEC3000/300-class the presence detect bits/pins of the
            SIMM must correspond to what the machine expects. If
            they don't, the SIMM is ``seen'' as a 8 Mbyte SIMM. 8
            Mbyte and 32 Mbyte SIMMs can be mixed, as long as the
            pairs themselves are identical.</p>

            <p>When you find yourself in need of fixing 32Mbyte
            SIMMs that lack correct presence bits the following
            info might be of use:</p>

            <p>There are four presence detection bits on PS/2
            SIMMs. Two of the bits indicate the access time. The
            other two indicate the memory size.</p>

            <p>At one end of the SIMM there are two rows of four
            solder pads. One row is connected to Vss (GND) and the
            other is connected to pins 67 (PRD1), 68 (PRD2), 69
            (PRD3), 70 (PRD4).</p>

            <p>If you bridge a pair of pads with a small resistor
            or a drop of solder you ground that particular bit.</p>

            <div class="INFORMALTABLE">
              <a id="AEN488" name="AEN488"></a>

              <table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    PRD1</th>

                    <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    PRD2</th>

                    <th width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Memory Size</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">4 or
                    64 Mbyte</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">2 or
                    32 Mbyte</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">1 or
                    16 Mbyte</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">8
                    Mbyte</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </div>

            <div class="INFORMALTABLE">
              <a id="AEN515" name="AEN515"></a>

              <table border="1" class="CALSTABLE">
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    PRD3</th>

                    <th width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    PRD4</th>

                    <th width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Access Time</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>

                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">50 or
                    100 nsec</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">80
                    nsec</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    GND</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">70
                    nsec</td>
                  </tr>

                  <tr>
                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="25%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">
                    Open</td>

                    <td width="50%" align="LEFT" valign="TOP">60
                    nsec</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </div>

            <p>DEC3000/500-class can use 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 Mbyte
            100pin SIMMs. Note that the maximum memory size varies
            from system to system, desktop machines have sacrificed
            box size for less memory SIMM sockets. Given enough
            sockets and enough SIMMs you can get to 512 Mbytes
            maximum. This is one of the main differences between
            floor standing and desktop machines, the latter have
            far less SIMM sockets.</p>

            <p>The sound hardware is not supported on any of the
            Birds.</p>

            <p>There is no X-Windows version available for the TC
            machines. DEC3000/300 needs a serial console.
            DEC3000/500-class might work with a graphical console.
            I ran mine with a serial console so I cannot verify
            this.</p>

            <p>Birds can be obtained from surplus sales etc. As
            they are not PCI based they are no longer actively
            maintained. TC expansion boards can be difficult to
            obtain these days and support for them is not too good
            unless you write/debug the code yourself. Programming
            information for TC boards is hard to find. Birds are
            recommended only if a. you can get them cheap and b. if
            you prepared to work on the code to support them
            better.</p>

            <p>For the DEC3000/[4-9]00 series machines the kernel
            config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_3000_500           
    cpu EV4
</pre>

            <p>For the DEC3000/300 (``Pelican'') machines the
            kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_3000_300            
    cpu EV4
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN551" name="AEN551">2.3.5
            Evaluation Board 64 family</a></h3>

            <p>In its attempts to popularize the Alpha CPU DEC
            produced a number of so called Evaluation Boards.
            Members of this family are EB64, EB64+, AlphaPC64
            (codename ``Cabriolet''). A non-DEC member of this
            family is the Aspen Alpine. The EB64 family of
            evaluation boards has the following feature set:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21064 or 21064A CPU, 150 to 275 MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>memory buswidth: 128 bit</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>PS/2 style 72 pin 33 bit Fast Page Mode
                    SIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>70ns or better</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>installed in sets of 4</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>8 SIMM sockets</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>uses parity memory</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Bcache / L2 cache: 0, 512 kByte, 1 Mbyte or 2
                Mbytes</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21072 (``APECS'') chip set</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge chip
                (``Saturn'')</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>dual 16550A serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>parallel printer port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Symbios 53C810 Fast-SCSI (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>IDE interface (only on AlphaPC64)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded 10 Mbit Ethernet (not on AlphaPC64)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 PCI slots (4 slots on AlphaPC64)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>3 ISA slots</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Aspen Alpine is slightly different, but is close
            enough to the EB64+ to run an EB64+ SRM EPROM (mine
            did..). The Aspen Alpine does not have an embedded
            Ethernet, has 3 instead of 2 PCI slots. It comes with 2
            Mbytes of cache already soldered onto the mainboard. It
            has jumpers to select the use of 60, 70 or 80ns SIMM
            speeds.</p>

            <p>36 bits SIMMs work fine, 3 bits simply remain
            unused. Note the systems use Fast Page Mode memory, not
            EDO memory.</p>

            <p>The EB64+ SRM console code is housed in an
            UV-erasable EPROM. No easy flash SRM upgrades for the
            EB64+ The latest SRM version available for EB64+ is
            quite ancient anyway.</p>

            <p>The EB64+ SRM can boot both 53C810 and Qlogic1040
            SCSI adapters. Pitfall for the Qlogic is that the
            firmware that is down-loaded by the SRM onto the Qlogic
            chip is very old. There are no updates for the EB64+
            SRM available. So you are stuck with old Qlogic bits
            too. I have had quite some problems when I wanted to
            use Ultra-SCSI drives on the Alpine with Qlogic. The
            FreeBSD kernel can be compiled to include a much newer
            Qlogic firmware revision. This is not the default
            because it adds hundreds of kBytes worth of bloat to
            the kernel. In FreeBSD 4.1 and later the isp firmware
            is contained in a kernel loadable module. All of this
            might mean that you need to use a non-Qlogic adapter to
            boot from.</p>

            <p>AlphaPC64 boards generally come with ARC console
            firmware. SRM console code can be loaded from floppy
            into the Flash ROM.</p>

            <p>The IDE interface of the AlphaPC64 is not bootable
            from the SRM console. Enabling it requires the
            following line in the kernel configuration file:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device ata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14
</pre>

            <p>Note that the boards require a power supply that
            supplies 3.3 Volts for the CPU.</p>

            <p>For the EB64 family machines the kernel config file
            must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_EB64PLUS            
    cpu EV4
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN605" name="AEN605">2.3.6
            Evaluation Board 164 (``EB164, PC164, PC164LX,
            PC164SX'') family</a></h3>

            <p>EB164 is a newer design evaluation board, based on
            the 21164A CPU. This design has been used to ``spin
            off'' multiple variations, some of which are used by
            OEM manufacturers/assembly shops. Samsung did its own
            PC164LX which has only 32 bit PCI, whereas the Digital
            variant has 64 bit PCI.</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21164A, multiple speed variants [EB164, PC164,
                PC164LX]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21164PC [only on PC164SX]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21171 (Alcor) chip set [EB164]</p>

                <p>21172 (Alcor2) chip set [PC164]</p>

                <p>21174 (Pyxis) chip [164LX, 164SX]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Bcache / L3 cache: EB164 uses special
                cache-SIMMs</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 128 bit / 256 bit</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>PS/2 style SIMMs in sets of 4 or 8</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>36 bit, Fast Page Mode, uses ECC, [EB164 /
                    PC164]</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>SDRAM DIMMs in sets of 2, uses ECC [PC164SX
                    / PC164LX]</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>floppy controller</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>32 bits PCI</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>64 bits PCI [some models]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>ISA slots via an Intel 82378ZB PCI to ISA bridge
                chip</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Using 8 SIMMs for a 256bit wide memory can yield
            interesting speedups over a 4 SIMM/128bit wide memory.
            Obviously all 8 SIMMs must be of the same type to make
            this work. The system must be explicitly setup to use
            the 8 SIMM memory arrangement. You must have 8 SIMMs, 4
            SIMMs distributed over 2 banks will not work. For the
            AlphaPC164 you can have a maximum of 1Gbyte of RAM,
            using 8 128Mbyte SIMMs. The manual indicates the
            maximum is 512 Mbyte.</p>

            <p>The SRM can boot from Qlogic 10xx boards or the
            Symbios 53C810[A]. Newer Symbios 810 revisions like the
            Symbios 810AE are not recognized by the SRM on PC164.
            PC164 SRM does not appear to recognize a Symbios 53C895
            based host adapter (tested with a Tekram DC-390U2W). On
            the other hand some no-name Symbios 53C985 board has
            been reported to work. Cards like the Tekram DC-390F
            (Symbios875 based) have been confirmed to work fine on
            the PC164. Unfortunately this seems to be dependent on
            the actual version of the chip/board.</p>

            <p>Symbios 53C825[a] will also work as boot adapter.
            Diamond FirePort, although based on Symbios chips, is
            not bootable by the PC164SX SRM. PC164SX is reported to
            boot fine with Symbios825, Symbios875, Symbios895 and
            Symbios876 based cards. In addition, Adaptec 2940U and
            2940UW are reported to work for booting (verified on
            SRM V5.7-1). Adaptec 2930U2 and 2940U2[W] do not
            work.</p>

            <p>164LX and 164SX with SRM firmware version 5.8 or
            later can boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters.</p>

            <p>In summary: this family of machines is ``blessed''
            with a challenging compatibility as far as SCSI
            adapters go.</p>

            <p>On 164SX you can have a maximum of 1 Gbyte of RAM. 4
            regular 256MB PC133 ECC DIMMs are reported to work just
            fine. Whether 512MB DIMMs will also work is currently
            unknown.</p>

            <p>PCI bridge chips are sometimes not appreciated by
            the 164SX, they cause SRM errors and kernel panics in
            those cases. This seems to depend on the fact if the
            card is recognised, and therefore correctly
            initialised, by the SRM console. The 164SX' onboard IDE
            interface is quite slow, a Promise card gives a 3-4
            times speed improvement.</p>

            <p>On PC164 the SRM sometimes seems to loose its
            variable settings. ``For PC164, current superstition
            says that, to avoid losing settings, you want to first
            downgrade to SRM 4.x and then upgrade to 5.x.'' One
            sample error that was observed was:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    ERROR: ISA table corrupt!
</pre>

            <p>A sequence of a downgrade to SRM4.9, an</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>ISACFG -INIT</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>followed by</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>INIT</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>made the problem go away. Some PC164 owners report
            they have never seen the problem.</p>

            <p>On PC164SX the AlphaBIOS allows you a selection to
            select SRM to be used as console on the next power up.
            This selection does not appear to have any effect. In
            other words, you will get the AlphaBIOS regardless of
            what you select. The fix is to reflash the console ROM
            with the SRM code for PC164SX. This will overwrite the
            AlphaBIOS and will get you the SRM console you desire.
            The SRM code can be found on the Compaq Web site.</p>

            <p>164LX can either have the SRM console code or the
            AlphaBIOS code in its flash ROM because the flash ROM
            is too small to hold both at the same time.</p>

            <p>PC164 can boot from IDE disks assuming your SRM
            version is recent enough.</p>

            <p>EB164 needs a power supply that supplies 3.3 Volts.
            PC164 does not implement the PS_ON signal that ATX
            power supplies need to switch on. A simple switch
            pulling this signal to ground allows you to run a
            standard ATX power supply.</p>

            <p>For the EB164 class machines the kernel config file
            must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options         DEC_EB164
    cpu             EV5
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN672" name="AEN672">2.3.7
            AlphaStation 200 (``Mustang'') and 400 (``Avanti'')
            series</a></h3>

            <p>The Digital AlphaStation 200 and 400 series systems
            are early low end PCI based workstations. The 200 and
            250 series are desktop boxes, the 400 series is a
            desk-side mini-tower.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21064 or 21064A CPU at speeds of 166 up to 333
                MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>DECchip 21071-AA core logic chip set</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Bcache / L2 cache: 512 Kbytes (200 and 400
                series) or 2048KBytes (250 series)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>64 bit bus width</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>8 to 384 MBytes of RAM</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>70 ns or better Fast Page DRAM</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>in three pairs (200 and 400 series)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>in two quads, so banks of four. (250
                    series)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>the memory subsystem uses parity</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>two 16550 serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>floppy disk interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>32 bit PCI expansion slots (3 for the
                AS400-series, 2 for the AS200 &#38; 250-series)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>ISA expansion slots (4 for the AS400-series, 2
                for the AS200 &#38; 250-series) (some ISA/PCI slots
                are physically shared)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded 21040-based Ethernet (200 &#38; 250
                series)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded Symbios 53c810 Fast SCSI-2 chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Intel 82378IB (``Saturn'') PCI-ISA bridge
                chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>graphics is embedded TGA or PCI VGA (model
                dependent)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>16 bit sound (on 200 &#38; 250 series)</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>The systems use parity memory SIMMs, but these do
            not need 36 bit wide SIMMs. 33 bit wide SIMMs are
            sufficient, 36 bit SIMMs are acceptable too. EDO or 32
            bit SIMMs will not work. 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 Mbyte
            SIMMs are supported.</p>

            <p>The AS200 &#38; AS250 sound hardware is reported to
            work OK assuming you have the following line in your
            kernel config file:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device pcm0 at isa? port 0x530 irq 10 drq 0 flags 0x10011
</pre>

            <p>AlphaStation 200 &#38; 250 series have an automatic
            SCSI terminator. This means that as soon as you plug a
            cable onto the external SCSI connector the internal
            terminator of the system is disabled. It also means
            that you should not leave unterminated cables plugged
            into the machine.</p>

            <p>AlphaStation 400 series have an SRM variable that
            controls termination. In case you have external SCSI
            devices connected you must set this SRM variable
            using</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM EXTERNAL</b></tt>.
</pre>

            <p>If only internal SCSI devices are present use:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONTROL_SCSI_TERM INTERNAL</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>For the AlphaStation-[24][05]00 machines the kernel
            config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_2100_A50
    cpu EV4
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN737" name="AEN737">2.3.8
            AlphaStation 500 and 600 (``Alcor'' &#38; ``Maverick''
            for EV5, ``Bret'' for EV56)</a></h3>

            <p>AS500 and 600 were the high-end EV5 / PCI based
            workstations. EV6 based machines have in the meantime
            taken their place as front runners. AS500 is a desktop
            in a dark blue case (TopGun blue), AS600 is a sturdy
            desk-side box. AS600 has a nice LCD panel to observe
            the early stages of SRM startup.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21164 EV5 CPU at 266, 300, 333, 366, 400, 433,
                466, or 500 MHz (AS500) or at 266, 300 or 333 MHz
                (AS600)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21171 (Alcor) or 21172 (Alcor2) core logic chip
                set</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Cache:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>2 or 4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 266 MHz)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>4 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600 at 300 MHz)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>2 or 8 Mb L3 / Bcache (8 Mb on 500 MHz
                    version only)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>2 to 16 Mb L3 / Bcache (AS600; 3 cache-SIMM
                    slots)</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory buswidth: 256 bits</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>AS500 memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>industry standard 72 bit wide buffered Fast
                    Page Mode DIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>8 DIMM slots</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>installed in sets of 4</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>maximum memory is 1 GB (512 Mb max on 333
                    MHz CPUs)</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>uses ECC</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>AS600 memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>industry standard 36 bit Fast Page Mode
                    SIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>32 SIMM slots</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>installed in sets of 8</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>maximum memory is 1 GB</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>uses ECC</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Qlogic 1020 based wide SCSI bus (1 bus/chip for
                AS500, 2 buses/chip for AS600)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21040 based 10 Mbit Ethernet adapter, both
                Thinwire and UTP connectors</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>AS500:</p>

                    <ul>
                      <li>
                        <p>3 32-bit PCI slots</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>1 64-bit PCI slot</p>
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>AS600:</p>

                    <ul>
                      <li>
                        <p>2 32-bit PCI slot</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>3 64-bit PCI slots</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>1 PCI/EISA physically shared slot</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>3 EISA slots</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>1 PCI and 1 EISA slot are occupied by
                        default</p>
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21050 PCI-to-PCI bridge chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Intel 82375EB PCI-EISA bridge (AS600 only)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>16 bit audio Windows Sound System, in a
                dedicated slot (AS500) in EISA slot (AS600, this is
                an ISA card)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 keyboard and mouse port</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Early machines had Fast SCSI interfaces, later ones
            are Ultra SCSI capable. AS500 shares its single SCSI
            bus with internal and external devices. For a Fast SCSI
            bus you are limited to 1.8 meters bus length external
            to the box. The AS500 Qlogic ISP1020A chip can be set
            to run in Ultra mode by setting a SRM variable. FreeBSD
            however follows the Qlogic chip errata and limits the
            bus speed to Fast.</p>

            <p>Beware of ancient SRM versions on AS500. When you
            see weird SCSI speeds being reported by FreeBSD
            like</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    cd0 at isp0 bus 0 target 4 lun 0
    cd0: &lt;DEC RRD45   DEC 0436&gt; Removable CD-ROM SCSI-2 device
    cd0: 250.000MB/s transfers (250.000MHz, offset 12)
</pre>

            <p>it is time to do a SRM console firmware upgrade.</p>

            <p>AS600 has one Qlogic SCSI chip dedicated to the
            internal devices whereas the other Qlogic SCSI chip is
            dedicated to external SCSI devices.</p>

            <p>In AS500 DIMMs are installed in sets of 4, in
            ``physically interleaved'' layout. So, a bank of 4
            DIMMs is <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span> 4 physically adjacent
            DIMMs. Note that the DIMMs are <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">not</i></span>
            SDRAM DIMMs.</p>

            <p>In AS600 the memory SIMMs are placed onto two memory
            daughter cards. SIMMs are installed in sets of 8. Both
            memory daughter cards must be populated
            identically.</p>

            <p>Note that both AS500 and AS600 are EISA machines.
            This means you have to run the EISA Configuration
            Utility (ECU) from floppy after adding EISA cards or to
            change things like the configuration settings of the
            onboard I/O. For AS500 which does not have a physical
            EISA slot the ECU is used to configure the onboard
            sound interface etc.</p>

            <p>AS500 onboard sound can be used by adding a line
            like</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    device pcm0 at isa? port? irq 10 drq 0 flags 0x10011
</pre>

            <p>to the kernel configuration file.</p>

            <p>Using the ECU I configured my AS500 to use IRQ 10,
            port 0x530, and drq 0. Note the uncommon flags in the
            kernel configuration.</p>

            <p>AS600 has a peculiarity for its PCI slots. AS600 (or
            rather the PCI expansion card containing the SCSI
            adapters) does not allow I/O port mapping, therefore
            all devices behind it must use memory mapping. If you
            have problems getting the Qlogic SCSI adapters to work,
            add the following option to <tt
            class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.rc</tt>:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    set isp_mem_map=0xff
</pre>

            <p>This may need to be typed at the boot loader prompt
            before booting the installation kernel.</p>

            <p>For the AlphaStation-[56]00 machines the kernel
            config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_KN20AA 
    cpu EV5
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN848" name="AEN848">2.3.9
            AlphaServer 1000 (``Mikasa''), 1000A (``Noritake'') and
            800(``Corelle'')</a></h3>

            <p>The AlphaServer 1000 and 800 range of machines are
            intended as departmental servers. They come in quite
            some variations in packaging and mainboard/cpu.
            Generally speaking there are 21064 (EV4) CPU based
            machines and 21164 (EV5) based ones. The CPU is on a
            daughter card, and the type of CPU (EV4 or EV5) must
            match the mainboard in use.</p>

            <p>AlphaServer 800 has a much smaller mini tower case,
            it lacks the StorageWorks SCSI hot-plug chassis. The
            main difference between AS1000 and AS1000A is that
            AS1000A has 7 PCI slots whereas AS1000 only has 3 PCI
            slots and has EISA slots instead.</p>

            <p>AS800 with an EV5/400 MHz CPU was later re-branded
            to become a ``DIGITAL Server 3300[R]'', AS800 with an
            EV5/500 MHz CPU was later re-branded to become a
            ``DIGITAL Server 3305[R]''.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21064 EV4[5] CPU at 200, 233 or 266 MHz 21164
                EV5[6] CPU at 300, 333 or 400 MHz (or 500 MHz for
                AS800 only)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>buswidth: 128 bit with ECC</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>AS1000[A]:</p>

                    <ul>
                      <li>
                        <p>72pin 36 bit Fast Page Mode SIMMs, 70ns
                        or better</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>16 (EV5 machines) or 20 (EV4 machines)
                        SIMM slots</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>max memory is 1 GB</p>
                      </li>

                      <li>
                        <p>uses ECC</p>
                      </li>
                    </ul>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>AS800: Uses 60ns 3.3 Volts EDO DIMMs</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded VGA (on some mainboard models)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>3 PCI, 2 EISA, 1 64-bit PCI/EISA combo
                (AS800)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>7 PCI, 2 EISA (AS1000A)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 PCI, 1 EISA/PCI, 7 EISA (AS1000)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded SCSI based on Symbios 810 [AS1000] or
                Qlogic 1020 [AS1000A]</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>AS1000 based machines come in multiple enclosure
            types. Floor standing, rack-mount, with or without
            StorageWorks SCSI chassis etc. The electronics are the
            same.</p>

            <p>AS1000-systems: All EV4 based machines use standard
            PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 5. The fifth
            SIMM is used for ECC. All EV5 based machines use
            standard PS/2 style 36 bit 72pin SIMMs in sets of 4.
            The ECC is done based on the 4 extra bits per SIMM (4
            bits out of 36). The EV5 mainboards have 16 SIMM slots,
            the EV4 mainboards have 20 slots.</p>

            <p>AS800 machines use DIMMs in sets of 4. DIMM
            installation must start in slots marked bank 0. A bank
            is four physically adjacent slots. The biggest size
            DIMMs must be installed in bank 0 in case 2 banks of
            different DIMM sizes are used. Max memory size is 2GB.
            Note that these are EDO DIMMs.</p>

            <p>The AS1000/800 are somewhat stubborn when it comes
            to serial consoles. They need</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    &gt;&gt;&gt; <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the
            keyboard from the machine is not sufficient, like it is
            on most other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical
            console needs</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    &gt;&gt;&gt; <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>at the serial console.</p>

            <p>For AS800 you want to check if your Ultra-Wide SCSI
            is indeed in Ultra mode. This can be done using the <tt
            class="FILENAME">EEROMCFG.EXE</tt> utility that is on
            the Console Firmware Upgrade CDROM.</p>

            <p>For the AlphaServer1000/1000A/800 machines the
            kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_1000A
    cpu EV4     # depends on the CPU model installed
    cpu EV5     # depends on the CPU model installed
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN904" name="AEN904">2.3.10
            DS10/VS10/XP900 (``Webbrick'') / XP1000 (``Monet'') /
            DS10L (``Slate'')</a></h3>

            <p>Webbrick and Monet are high performance
            workstations/servers based on the EV6 CPU and the
            Tsunami chipset. Tsunami is also used in much
            higher-end systems and as such has plenty of
            performance to offer. DS10, VS10 and XP900 are
            different names for essentially the same system. The
            differences are the software and options that are
            supported. DS10L is a DS10 based machine in a 1U high
            rackmount enclosure. DS10L is intended for ISPs and for
            HPTC clusters (e.g. Beowulf)</p>

            <div class="SECT4">
              <hr />

              <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN910"
              name="AEN910">2.3.10.1 ``Webbrick / Slate''</a></h4>

              <ul>
                <li>
                  <p>21264 EV6 CPU at 466 MHz</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>L2 / Bcache: 2MB, ECC protected</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>memory bus: 128 bit via crossbar, 1.3GB/sec
                  memory bandwidth</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>memory:</p>

                  <ul>
                    <li>
                      <p>industry standard 200 pin 83 MHz buffered
                      ECC SDRAM DIMMs</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>4 DIMM slots for DS10; 2GB max memory</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>2 DIMM slots for DS10L; 1GB max memory</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>DIMMs are installed in pairs of 2</p>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>2 on-board 21143 Fast Ethernet controllers</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>AcerLabs M5237 (Aladdin-V) USB controller
                  (disabled)</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>AcerLabs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>AcerLabs Aladdin ATA-33 controller</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>embedded dual EIDE</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>expansion: 3 64-bit PCI slots and 1 32-bit PCI
                  slot. DS10L has a single 64bit PCI slot</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>2 16550A serial ports</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>1 parallel port</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>2 USB</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
                </li>
              </ul>

              <p>The system has a smart power controller. This
              means that parts of the system remain powered when it
              is switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply).
              Before servicing the machine remove the power
              cord.</p>

              <p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When
              enabled, typing <b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b
              class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will
              bring you to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to
              powerup or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and
              set temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own
              builtin help.</p>

              <p>Webbrick is shipped in a desktop-style case
              similar to the older 21164 ``Maverick'' workstations
              but this case offers much better access to the
              components. If you intend to build a farm you can
              rackmount them in a 19-inch rack; they are 3U high.
              Slate is 1U high but has only one PCI slot.</p>

              <p>DS10 has 4 DIMM slots. DIMMs are installed as
              pairs. Please note that DIMM pairs are not installed
              in adjacent DIMM sockets but rather physically
              interleaved. DIMM sizes of 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512
              Mbytes are supported.</p>

              <p>When 2 pairs of identical-sized DIMMs are
              installed DS10 will use memory interleaving for
              increased performance. DS10L, which has only 2 DIMM
              slots cannot do interleaving.</p>

              <p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can
              boot from Adaptec 2940-series adapters in addition to
              the usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters.</p>

              <p>The base model comes with a FUJITSU 9.5GB ATA disk
              as its boot device. FreeBSD works just fine using
              EIDE disks on Webbrick. DS10 has 2 IDE interfaces on
              the mainboard. Machines destined for Tru64 Unix or
              VMS are standard equipped with Qlogic-driven
              Ultra-SCSI disks</p>

              <p>On the PCI bus 32 and 64 bit cards are supported,
              in 3.3V and 5V variants.</p>

              <p>The USB ports are not supported and are disabled
              by the SRM console in all recent SRM versions.</p>

              <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_ST6600    
    cpu EV5
</pre>

              <div class="NOTE">
                <blockquote class="NOTE">
                  <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is
                  no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
                  inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt
                  class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep
                  <a
                  href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
                  <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
                  class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
                  happy.</p>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
            </div>

            <div class="SECT4">
              <hr />

              <h4 class="SECT4"><a id="AEN975"
              name="AEN975">2.3.10.2 ``Monet''</a></h4>

              <ul>
                <li>
                  <p>21264 EV6 at 500 MHz 21264 EV67 at 500 or 667
                  MHz (XP1000G, codenamed Brisbane) CPU is mounted
                  on a daughter-card which is field-upgradable</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>L2 / Bcache: 4MB, ECC protected</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>memory: 128 or 256 Mbytes 100 MHz (PC100) 168
                  pin JEDEC standard, registered ECC SDRAM
                  DIMMs</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>1 on-board 21143 Ethernet controller</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Cypress 82C693 USB controller</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Cypress 82C693 PCI-ISA bridge</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>Cypress 82C693 controller</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>expansion: 2 independent PCI buses, driven by
                  high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses'':</p>

                  <ul>
                    <li>
                      <p>hose 0: (the upper 3 slots) 2 64-bit PCI
                      slots 1 32-bit PCI slot</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>hose 1: (the bottom 2 slots) 2 32-bit PCI
                      slots (behind a 21154 PCI-PCI bridge)</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>2 of the 64-bit PCI slots are for
                      full-length cards</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>all of the 32-bit PCI slots are for short
                      cards</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>1 of the 32-bit PCI slots is physically
                      shared with an ISA slot</p>
                    </li>

                    <li>
                      <p>all PCI slots run at 33MHz</p>
                    </li>
                  </ul>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>1 Ultra-Wide SCSI port based on a Qlogic 1040
                  chip</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>2 16550A serial port</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>1 parallel port</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>PS/2 keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>embedded 16-bit ESS ES1888 sound chip</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>2 USB ports</p>
                </li>

                <li>
                  <p>graphics options: ELSA Gloria Synergy or
                  DEC/Compaq PowerStorm 3D accelerator cards</p>
                </li>
              </ul>

              <p>Monet is housed in a mini-tower like enclosure
              quite similar to the Miata box.</p>

              <p>The on-board Qlogic UW-SCSI chip supports up to 4
              internal devices. There is no external connector for
              the on-board SCSI.</p>

              <p>For 500 MHz CPUs 83 MHz DIMMs will do. Compaq
              specifies PC100 DIMMs for all CPU speeds. DIMMs are
              installed in sets of 4, starting with the DIMM slots
              marked ``0'' Memory capacity is max 4 GB. DIMMs are
              installed ``physically interleaved'', note the
              markings of the slots. Memory bandwidth of Monet is
              twice that of Webbrick. The DIMMs live on the CPU
              daughter-card. Note that the system uses ECC RAM so
              you need DIMMs with 72 bits (not the generic PC-class
              64 bit DIMMs)</p>

              <p>The EIDE interface is usable / SRM bootable so
              FreeBSD can be rooted on an EIDE disk. Although the
              Cypress chip has potential for 2 EIDE channels Monet
              uses only one of them.</p>

              <p>The USB interface is supported by FreeBSD.If you
              experience problems trying to use the USB interface
              please check if the SRM variable <tt
              class="VARNAME">usb_enable</tt> is set to <tt
              class="LITERAL">on</tt>. You can change this by
              performing:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET USB_ENABLE ON</b></tt>
</pre>

              <div class="IMPORTANT">
                <blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
                  <p><b>Important:</b> Don&quot;t try to use
                  Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in the PCI slots
                  connected to hose 1. There is a not-yet-found
                  FreeBSD bug that prevents this from working
                  correctly.</p>
                </blockquote>
              </div>

              <div class="IMPORTANT">
                <blockquote class="IMPORTANT">
                  <p><b>Important:</b> Not all VGA cards will work
                  behind the PCI-PCI bridge (so in slots 4 and 5).
                  Only cards that implement VGA-legacy addressing
                  correctly will work. Workaround is to put the VGA
                  card ``before'' the bridge.</p>
                </blockquote>
              </div>

              <p>The sound chip is not currently supported with
              FreeBSD.</p>

              <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_ST6600    
    cpu EV5
</pre>

              <div class="NOTE">
                <blockquote class="NOTE">
                  <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is
                  no <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
                  inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt
                  class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep
                  <a
                  href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
                  <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
                  class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
                  happy.</p>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1055" name="AEN1055">2.3.11
            DS20/DS20E (``Goldrush'')</a></h3>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21264 EV6 CPU at 500 or 670 MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>dual CPU capable machine</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: dual 256 bit wide with crossbar
                switch</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>SDRAM DIMMs</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>installed in sets of 4</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>uses ECC</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21271 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded Adaptec ? Wide Ultra SCSI</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by
                    high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>1 ISA slot</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>DS20 needs</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>before it goes for a serial console. Pulling the
            keyboard from the machine is not sufficient. Going back
            to a graphical console needs</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>at the serial console. Confusing is the fact that
            you will get SRM console output on the graphics console
            with the console set to serial, but when FreeBSD boots
            it honors the <tt class="LITERAL">CONSOLE</tt> variable
            setting and all the boot messages as well as the login
            prompt will go to the serial port.</p>

            <p>The DS20 is housed in a fat cube-like enclosure. The
            enclosure also contains a StorageWorks SCSI hot-swap
            shelf for a maximum of seven 3.5&quot; SCSI devices.
            The DS20E is in a sleeker case, and lacks the
            StorageWorks shelf.</p>

            <p>The system has a smart power controller. This means
            that parts of the system remain powered when it is
            switched off (like an ATX-style PC power supply).
            Before servicing the machine remove the power
            cord(s).</p>

            <p>The smart power controller is called the RMC. When
            enabled, typing <b class="KEYCAP">Escape</b><b
            class="KEYCAP">Escape</b>RMC on serial port 1 will
            bring you to the RMC prompt. RMC allows you to powerup
            or powerdown, reset the machine, monitor and set
            temperature trip levels etc. RMC has its own builtin
            help.</p>

            <p>The embedded Adaptec SCSI chip on the DS20 is
            disabled and is therefore not usable under FreeBSD.</p>

            <p>Starting with SRM firmware version 5.9 you can boot
            from Adaptec 2940-series adapters in addition to the
            usual set of Qlogic and Symbios/NCR adapters. This
            unfortunately does not include the embedded Adaptec
            SCSI chips.</p>

            <p>If you are using banks of DIMMs of different sizes
            the biggest DIMMs should be installed in the DIMM slots
            marked <tt class="LITERAL">0</tt> on the mainboard. The
            DIMM slots should be filled ``in order'' so after bank
            0 install in bank 1 and so on.</p>

            <p>Don't try to use Symbios-chip based SCSI adapters in
            the PCI slots connected to hose 1. There is a
            not-yet-found FreeBSD bug that prevents this from
            working correctly. DS20 ships by default with a Symbios
            on hose 1 so you have to move this card before you can
            install/boot FreeBSD on it.</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_ST6600    
    cpu EV5
</pre>

            <div class="NOTE">
              <blockquote class="NOTE">
                <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no
                <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
                inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt
                class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep
                <a
                href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
                <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
                class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
                happy.</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1124" name="AEN1124">2.3.12
            AlphaPC 264DP / UP2000</a></h3>

            <p>UP2000 is built by Alpha Processor Inc.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21264 EV6 CPU at 670 MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>dual CPU capable</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>L2 / Bcache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 256 bit</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory: SDRAM DIMMs installed in sets of 4, uses
                ECC, 16 DIMM slots, max. 4GB</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21272 core logic chip set (``Tsunami'')</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded Adaptec AIC7890/91 Wide Ultra SCSI</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 embedded IDE based on Cypress 82C693 chips</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded USB via Cypress 82C693</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>2 independent PCI buses, driven by
                    high-speed I/O channels called ``hoses''</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>6 64-bit PCI slots, 3 per hose</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>1 ISA slot</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Currently a maximum of 2GB memory is supported by
            FreeBSD.</p>

            <p>The on-board Adaptec is not bootable but works with
            FreeBSD 4.0 and later as a datadisk-only SCSI bus.</p>

            <p>Busmaster DMA is supported on the first IDE
            interface only.</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_ST6600    
    cpu EV5
</pre>

            <div class="NOTE">
              <blockquote class="NOTE">
                <p><b>Note:</b> Contrary to expectation there is no
                <tt class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for
                inclusion in the kernel config file. The <tt
                class="LITERAL">cpu EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep
                <a
                href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
                <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
                class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
                happy.</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1170" name="AEN1170">2.3.13
            AlphaServer 2000 (``DemiSable''), 2100 (``Sable''),
            2100A (``Lynx'')</a></h3>

            <p>The AlphaServer 2[01]00 machines are intended as
            departmental servers. This is medium iron. They are
            multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs (AS2000) or 4 CPUs
            (2100[A]) can be installed. Both floor-standing and
            19&quot; rackmount boxes exist. Rackmount variations
            have different numbers of I/O expansion slots,
            different max number of CPUs and different maximum
            memory size. Some of the boxes come with an integral
            StorageWorks shelf to house hot-swap SCSI disks. There
            was an upgrade program available to convert your Sable
            machine into a Lynx by swapping the I/O backplane (the
            C-bus backplane remains). CPU upgrades were available
            as well.</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21064 EV4[5] CPU[s] at 200, 233, 275 MHz or
                21164 EV5[6] CPU[s]s at 250, 300, 375, 400 MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>cache: varies in size with the CPU model; 1, 4
                or 8Mbyte per CPU</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded floppy controller driving a 2.88 Mbytes
                drive</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded 10Mbit 21040 Ethernet [AS2100 only]</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>The CPUs spec-ed as 200 MHz are in reality running
            at 190 MHz. Maximum number of CPUs is 4. All CPUs must
            be of the same type/speed.</p>

            <p>If any of the processors are ever marked as failed,
            they will remain marked as failed even after they have
            been replaced (or reseated) until you issue the
            command</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>CLEAR_ERROR ALL</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>on the SRM console and power-cycle the machine. This
            may be true for other modules (IO and memory) as well,
            but it has not been verified.</p>

            <p>The machines use dedicated memory boards. These
            boards live on a 128 bit C-bus shared with the CPU
            boards. DemiSable supports up to 1GB, Sable up to 2GB.
            One of the memory bus slots can either hold a CPU or a
            memory card. A 4 CPU machine can have a maximum of 2
            memory boards.</p>

            <p>Some memory board models house SIMMs. These are
            called SIMM carriers. There are also memory modules
            that have soldered-on memory chips instead of SIMMs.
            These are called ``flat memory modules''.</p>

            <p>SIMM boards are used in sets of eight 72-pin 36 bit
            FPM memory of 70ns or faster. SIMM types supported are
            1M x36 bit (4 Mbyte), 2M x36bit (8 Mbyte) and 4M x36
            bit (16 Mbyte). Each memory board can house 4 banks of
            SIMMs. SIMM sizes can not be mixed on a single memory
            board. The first memory module must be filled with
            SIMMs before starting to fill the next memory module.
            Note that the spacing between the slots is not that
            big, so make sure your SIMMs fit physically (before
            buying them..)</p>

            <p>Both Lynx and Sable are somewhat stubborn when it
            comes to serial consoles. They need</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE SERIAL</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>before they go for a serial console. Pulling the
            keyboard from the machine is not sufficient, like it is
            on many other Alpha models. Going back to a graphical
            console needs</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET CONSOLE GRAPHICS</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>at the serial console. On Lynx keep the VGA card in
            one of the primary PCI slots. EISA VGA cards are not
            slot sensitive.</p>

            <p>The machines are equipped with a small OCP (Operator
            Control Panel) LCD screen. On this screen the self-test
            messages are displayed during system initialization.
            You can put your own little text there by using the
            SRM:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET OCP_TEXT "FreeBSD"
     </b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>The SRM</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SHOW FRU</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>command produces an overview of your configuration
            with module serial numbers, hardware revisions and
            error log counts.</p>

            <p>Both Sable, DemiSable and Lynx have Symbios 810
            based Fast SCSI on-board. Check if it is set to Fast
            SCSI speed by</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SHOW PKA0_FAST</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>When set to 1 it is negotiating for Fast speeds.</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>SET PKA0_FAST 1</b></tt>
</pre>

            <p>enables Fast SCSI speeds.</p>

            <p>AS2100[A] come equipped with a StorageWorks 7 slot
            SCSI cage. A second cage can be added inside the
            cabinet. AS2000 has a single 7 slot SCSI cage, which
            cannot be expanded with an additional one. Note that
            the slot locations in these cages map differently to
            SCSI IDs compared to the standard StorageWorks shelves.
            Slot IDs from top to bottom are 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3
            when using a single bus configuration.</p>

            <p>The cage can also be set to provide two independent
            SCSI buses. This is used for embedded RAID controllers
            like the KZPSC (Mylex DAC960). Slot ID assignments for
            split bus are, from top to bottom: 0A, 0B, 1A, 1B, 2A,
            2B, 3A, 3B. Where A and B signify a SCSI bus. In a
            single bus configuration the terminator module on the
            back of the SCSI cage is on the TOP. The jumper module
            is on the BOTTOM. For split bus operation these two
            modules are reversed. The terminator can be
            distinguished from the jumper by noting the chips on
            the terminator. The jumper does not have any active
            components on it.</p>

            <p>DemiSable has 7 EISA slots and 3 PCI slots. Sable
            has 8 EISA and 3 PCI slots. Lynx, being newer, has 8
            PCI and 3 EISA slots. The Lynx PCI slots are grouped in
            sets of 4. The 4 PCI slots closest to the CPU/memory
            slots are the primary slots, so logically before the
            PCI bridge chip. Note that contrary to expectation the
            primary PCI slots are the highest numbered ones (PCI4 -
            PCI7).</p>

            <p>Make sure you run the EISA Configuration Utility
            (from floppy) when adding/change expansion cards in
            EISA slots or after upgrading your console firmware.
            This is done by inserting the ECU floppy and typing</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="PROMPT">&gt;&gt;&gt;</tt> <tt
class="USERINPUT"><b>RUNECU</b></tt>
</pre>

            <div class="NOTE">
              <blockquote class="NOTE">
                <p><b>Note:</b> EISA slots are currently
                unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA VGA
                adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore
                works OK as a console.</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>

            <p>A special Extended I/O module for use on the C-bus
            was planned-for. If they ever saw daylight is unknown.
            In any case FreeBSD has never been verified with an
            ExtIO module.</p>

            <p>The machines can be equipped with redundant power
            supplies. Note that the enclosure is equipped with
            interlock switches that switch off power when the
            enclosure is opened. The system's cooling fans are
            speed controlled. When the machine has more than 2 CPUs
            and more than 1 memory board dual power supplies are
            mandatory.</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_2100_A500
    cpu EV4 #dependent on CPU model installed
    cpu EV5 #dependent on CPU model installed
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1241" name="AEN1241">2.3.14
            AlphaServer 4x00 (``Rawhide'')</a></h3>

            <p>The AlphaServer 4x00 machines are intended as small
            enterprise servers. Expect a 30&quot; high pedestal
            cabinet or alternatively the same system box in a
            19&quot; rack. This is medium iron, not a typical
            hobbyist system. Rawhides are multi-CPU machines, up to
            4 CPUs can be in a single machine. Basic disk storage
            is housed in one or two StorageWorks shelves at the
            bottom of the pedestal. The Rawhides intended for the
            NT market are designated DIGITAL Server 7300 (5/400
            CPU), DIGITAL Server 7305 (5/533 CPU). A trailing R on
            the part-number means a rackmount variant.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21164 EV5 CPUs at 266, 300 MHz or 21164A EV56
                CPUs at 400, 466, 533, 600 and 666 Mhz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU. EV5 300 MHz was also
                available cache-less. 8 Mbytes for EV5 600Mhz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded floppy controller</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Rawhide uses a maximum of 8 RAM modules. These
            modules are used in pairs and supply 72 bits to the bus
            (this includes ECC bits). Memory can be EDO RAM or
            synchronous DRAM. A fully populated Rawhide has 4 pairs
            of memory modules. Given the choice use SDRAM for best
            performance. The highest capacity memory board must be
            in memory slot 0. A mix of memory board sizes is
            allowed. A mix of EDO and SDRAM is also reported as
            working (assuming you don't try to mix EDO and SDRAM in
            one module pair). A mix of EDO and SDRAM results in the
            <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">entire</i></span> memory subsystem
            running at the slower EDO timing</p>

            <p>Rawhide has an embedded Symbios 810 chip that gives
            you a narrow fast-SCSI bus. Generally only the SCSI
            CDROM is driven by this interface.</p>

            <p>Rawhides are available with a 8 64-bit PCI / 3 EISA
            slot expansion backplanes (called ``Saddle'' modules).
            There are 2 separate PCI buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has
            1 dedicated PCI slot and (shared) 3 PCI/EISA slots.
            PCI0 also has a PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like
            the serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1
            has 4 PCI slots and an Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA
            console cards must be installed in a slot connected to
            PCI0.</p>

            <p>The current FreeBSD implementation has problems in
            handling PCI bridges. There is currently a limited fix
            in place which allows for single level, single device
            PCI bridges. The fix allows the use of the Digital
            supplied Qlogic SCSI card which sits behind a 21054 PCI
            bridge chip.</p>

            <div class="NOTE">
              <blockquote class="NOTE">
                <p><b>Note:</b> EISA slots are currently
                unsupported, but the Compaq Qvision EISA VGA
                adapter is treated as an ISA device. It therefore
                works OK as a console.</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>

            <p>Rawhide employs an I2C based power controller
            system. If you want to be sure all power is removed
            from the system remove the mains cables from the
            system.</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_KN300
    cpu EV5
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1272" name="AEN1272">2.3.15
            AlphaServer 1200 (``Tincup'') and AlphaStation 1200
            (``DaVinci'')</a></h3>

            <p>The AlphaServer 1200 machine is the successor to the
            AlphaServer 1000A. It uses the same enclosure the 1000A
            uses, but the logic is based on the AlphaServer 4000
            design. These are multi-CPU machines, up to 2 CPUs can
            be in a single machine. Basic disk storage is housed in
            a StorageWorks shelves The AS1200 intended for the NT
            market were designated DIGITAL Server 5300 (5/400 CPU)
            and DIGITAL Server 5305 (5/533 CPU).</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21164A EV56 CPUs at 400 or 533 Mhz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>cache: 4 Mbytes per CPU</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 128 bit with ECC, DIMM memory on two
                memory daughter boards</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded floppy controller</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 serial ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 style keyboard &#38; mouse port</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>AS1200 uses 2 memory daughter cards. On each of
            these cards are 8 DIMM slots. DIMMs must be installed
            in pairs. The maximum memory size is 4 GBytes. Slots
            must be filled in order and slot 0 must contain the
            largest size DIMM if different sized DIMMs are used.
            AS1200 employs fixed starting addresses for DIMMs, each
            DIMM pair starts at a 512 Mbyte boundary. This means
            that if DIMMs smaller than 256 Mbyte are used the
            system's physical memory map will contain ``holes''.
            Supported DIMM sizes are 64 Mbytes and 256 Mbytes. The
            DIMMs are 72 bit SDRAM based, as the system employs
            ECC.</p>

            <div class="NOTE">
              <blockquote class="NOTE">
                <p><b>Note:</b> FreeBSD currently supports up to
                2GBytes</p>
              </blockquote>
            </div>

            <p>AS1200 has an embedded Symbios 810 drive Fast SCSI
            bus.</p>

            <p>Tincup has 5 64-bit PCI slots, one 1 32-bit PCI slot
            and one EISA slot (which is physically shared with one
            of the 64-bit PCI slots). There are 2 separate PCI
            buses, PCI0 and PCI1. PCI0 has the 32-bit PCI slot and
            the 2 top-most 64-bit PCI slots. PCI0 also has an Intel
            82375EB PCI/EISA bridge that drives things like the
            serial and parallel ports, keyboard/mouse etc. PCI1 has
            4 64-bit PCI slots and an Symbios 810 SCSI chip. VGA
            console cards must be installed in a slot connected to
            PCI0.</p>

            <p>The system employs an I2C based power controller
            system. If you want to be sure all power is removed
            from the system remove the mains cables from the
            system. Tincup uses dual power supplies in load-sharing
            mode and not as a redundancy pair.</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_KN300
    cpu EV5
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1302" name="AEN1302">2.3.16
            AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (``TurboLaser'')</a></h3>

            <p>The AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 machines are
            enterprise servers. Expect a tall 19&quot; cabinet
            (8200) or fat (8400) 19&quot; rack. This is big iron,
            not a hobbyist system. TurboLasers are multi-CPU
            machines, up to 12 CPUs can be in a single machine. The
            TurboLaser System Bus (TLSB) allows 9 nodes on the
            AS8400 and 5 nodes on the AS8200. TLSB is 256 bit data,
            40 bit address allowing 2.1 GBytes/sec. Nodes on the
            TLSB can be CPUs, memory or I/O. A maximum of 3 I/O
            ports are supported on a TLSB.</p>

            <p>Basic disk storage is housed in a StorageWorks
            shelf. AS8400 uses 3 phase power, AS8200 uses single
            phase power.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21164 EV5/EV56 CPUs at up to 467 MHz or 21264
                EV67 CPUs at up to 625 MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>one or two CPUs per CPU module</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>cache: 4Mbytes B-cache per CPU</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 256 bit with ECC</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory: big memory modules that plug into the
                TLSB, which in turn hold special SIMM modules.
                Memory modules come in varying sizes, up to 4
                GBytes a piece. Uses ECC (8 bits per 64 bits of
                data) 7 memory modules max for AS8400, 3 modules
                max for AS8200. Maximum memory is 28 GBytes.</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion: 3 system ``I/O ports'' that allow up
                to 12 I/O channels each I/O channel can connect to
                XMI, Futurebus+ or PCI boxes</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>FreeBSD supports (and has been tested with) up to 2
            GBytes of memory on TurboLaser. There is a trade-off to
            be made between TLSB slots occupied by memory modules
            and TLSB slots occupied by CPU modules. For example you
            can have 28GBytes of memory but only 2 CPUs (1 module)
            at the same time.</p>

            <p>Only PCI expansion is supported on FreeBSD. XMI or
            Futurebus+ (which are AS8400 only) are both
            unsupported.</p>

            <p>The I/O port modules are designated KFTIA or KFTHA.
            The I/O port modules supply so called ``hoses'' that
            connect to up to 4 (KFTHA) PCI buses or 1 PCI bus
            (KFTIA). KFTIA has embedded dual 10baseT Ethernet,
            single FDDI, 3 SCSI Fast Wide Differential SCSI buses
            and a single Fast Wide Single Ended SCSI bus. The FWSE
            SCSI is intended for the CDROM.</p>

            <p>KFTHA can drive via each of its 4 hoses a DWLPA or
            DWLPB box. The DWLPx house a 12 slots 32 bit PCI
            backplane. Physically the 12 slots are 3 4-slot buses
            but to the software it appears as a single 12 slots PCI
            bus. A fully expanded AS8x00 can have 3 (I/O ports)
            times 4 (hoses) times 12 (PCI slots/DWLPx) = 144 PCI
            slots. The maximum bandwidth per KFTHA is 500
            Mbytes/second. DWLPA can also house 8 EISA cards, 2
            slots are PCI-only, 2 slots are EISA only. Of the 12
            slots 2 are always occupied by an I/O and connector
            module. DWLPB are the prefered I/O boxes.</p>

            <p>For best performance distribute high bandwidth
            (FibreChannel, Gigabit Ethernet) over multiple hoses
            and/or multiple KFTHA/KFTIA.</p>

            <p>Currently PCI expansion cards containing PCI bridges
            are not usable with FreeBSD. Don't use them at this
            time.</p>

            <p>The single ended narrow SCSI bus on the KFTIA will
            turn up as the <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">fourth</i></span> SCSI bus. The 3
            fast-wide differential SCSI buses of the KFTIA precede
            it.</p>

            <p>AS8x00 are generally run with serial consoles. Some
            newer machines might have a graphical console of some
            sorts but FreeBSD has only been tested on a serial
            console.</p>

            <p>For serial console usage either change <tt
            class="FILENAME">/etc/ttys</tt> to have:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    console "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
</pre>

            <p>as the console entry, or add</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    zs0     "/usr/libexec/getty std.9600"   unknown   on secure
</pre>

            <p>For the AlphaServer 8x00 machines the kernel config
            file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_KN8AE   # Alpha 8200/8400 (Turbolaser)
    cpu EV5
</pre>

            <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt
            class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in
            the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu
            EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a
            href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
            <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
            class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
            happy.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1345" name="AEN1345">2.3.17
            Alpha Processor Inc. UP1000</a></h3>

            <p>The UP1000 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a
            CPU which itself lives in a Slot B module. It is
            normally housed in an ATX tower enclosure.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21264a Alpha CPU at 600 or 700 MHz in a Slot B
                module (includes cooling fans)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 128 bits to the L2 cache, 64 bits
                from Slot B to the AMD-751</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2MB (600Mhz) or 4MB
                (700Mhz)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller
                chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Acer Labs M1543C PCI-ISA bridge controller /
                super-IO chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3
                DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are 64, 128 or 256
                Mb in size</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>floppy interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 embedded Ultra DMA33 IDE interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 USB ports</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion:</p>

                <ul>
                  <li>
                    <p>4 32 bit PCI slots</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>2 ISA slots</p>
                  </li>

                  <li>
                    <p>1 AGP slot</p>
                  </li>
                </ul>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>Slot B is a box-like enclosure that houses a
            daughter-board for the CPU and cache. It has 2 small
            fans for cooling. Loud fans..</p>

            <p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones.
            This does not appear to be documented in the UP1000
            docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the
            DIMMs via the SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM
            is used it must be installed in slot <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This
            is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>

            <p>The UP1000 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply
            according to the manufacturer. This might be a bit
            overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power
            consumption of the board &#38; cpu. But as always you
            will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals
            into account. The M1543C chip contains power management
            functionality &#38; temperature monitoring (via I2C /
            SM bus).</p>

            <p>Chances are that your UP1000 comes by default with
            AlphaBios only. The SRM console firmware is available
            from the Alpha Processor Inc. web site. It is currently
            available in a beta version which was successfully used
            during the port of FreeBSD to the UP1000.</p>

            <p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by
            the SRM console.</p>

            <p>UP1000 SRM can boot off an Adaptec 294x adapter.
            Under high I/O load conditions machine lockups have
            been observed using the Adaptec 294x. A Symbios 875
            based card works just fine, using the sym driver. Most
            likely other cards based on the Symbios chips that the
            sym driver supports will work as well.</p>

            <p>The USB interfaces are disabled by the SRM console
            and have not (yet) been tested with FreeBSD.</p>

            <p>For the UP1000 the kernel config file must
            contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
    cpu EV5
</pre>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1394" name="AEN1394">2.3.18
            Alpha Processor Inc. UP1100</a></h3>

            <p>The UP1100 is an ATX mainboard based on the 21264a
            CPU running at 600 MHz. It is normally housed in an ATX
            tower enclosure.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21264a Alpha EV6 CPU at 600 or 700 MHz</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 100MHz 64-bit (PC-100 SDRAM), 800
                MB/s memory bandwidth</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>on-board Bcache / L2 cache: 2Mb</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>AMD AMD-751 (``Irongate'') system controller
                chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Acer Labs M1535D PCI-ISA bridge controller /
                super-IO chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory: 168-pin PC100 unbuffered SDRAM DIMMS, 3
                DIMM slots DIMM sizes supported are 64, 128 or 256
                Mb in size</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>floppy interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 embedded Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 USB port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion: 3 32 bit PCI slots and 1 AGP2x
                slot</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>SRM console code comes standard with the UP1100. The
            SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash ROM.</p>

            <p>The machine needs ECC capable DIMMs, so 72 bit ones.
            This does not appear to be documented in the UP1100
            docs. The system accesses the serial EEPROM on the
            DIMMs via the SM bus. Note that if only a single DIMM
            is used it must be installed in slot <span
            class="emphasis"><i class="EMPHASIS">2</i></span>. This
            is a bit counter-intuitive.</p>

            <p>The UP1100 needs a 400Watt ATX power supply
            according to the manufacturer. This might be a bit
            overly conservative/pessimistic judging from the power
            consumption of the board &#38; cpu. But as always you
            will have to take your expansion cards and peripherals
            into account. The M1535D chip contains power management
            functionality &#38; temperature monitoring (via I2C /
            SM bus using a LM75 thermal sensor).</p>

            <p>The UP1100 has an on-board 21143 10/100Mbit Ethernet
            interface.</p>

            <p>The UP1100 is equipped with a SoundBlaster
            compatible audio interface. Whether it works with
            FreeBSD is as of yet unknown.</p>

            <p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by
            the SRM console.</p>

            <p>The UP1100 has 3 USB ports, 2 going external and one
            connected to the AGP port.</p>

            <p>For the UP1100 the kernel config file must
            contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    API_UP1000  # UP1000, UP1100 (Nautilus)
    cpu EV5
</pre>

            <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt
            class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in
            the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu
            EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a
            href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
            <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
            class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
            happy.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1442" name="AEN1442">2.3.19
            Alpha Processor Inc. CS20, Compaq DS20L</a></h3>

            <p>The CS20 is a 19&quot;, 1U high rackmount server
            based on the 21264[ab] CPU. It can have a maximum of 2
            CPUs. Compaq sells the CS20 rebranded as the
            AlphaServer DS20L. DS20L has 833MHz CPUs.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21264a Alpha CPU at 667 MHz or 21264b 833 MHz
                (max. 2 CPUs)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 100MHz 256-bit wide</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21271 Core Logic chipset (``Tsunami'')</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>Acer Labs M1533 PCI-ISA bridge controller /
                super-IO chip</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory: 168-pin PC100 PLL buffered/registered
                SDRAM DIMMS, 8 DIMM slots, uses ECC memory, min 256
                Mbytes / max 2 GBytes of memory</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded dual Intel 82559 10/100Mbit
                Ethernet</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>embedded Symbios 53C1000 Ultra160 SCSI
                controller</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI slots (2/3 length)</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>SRM console code comes standard with the CS20. The
            SRM lives in 2Mbytes of flash ROM.</p>

            <p>The CS20 needs ECC capable DIMMs. Note that it uses
            <span class="emphasis"><i
            class="EMPHASIS">buffered</i></span> DIMMs.</p>

            <p>The CS20 has an I2C based internal monitoring system
            for things like temperature, fans, voltages etc. The
            I2C also supports ``wake on LAN''.</p>

            <p>Each PCI slot is connected to its own independent
            PCI bus on the Tsunami.</p>

            <p>The embedded Ultra DMA EIDE ports are bootable by
            the SRM console.</p>

            <p>The CS20 has an embedded slim-line IDE CD drive.
            There is a front-accessible bay for a 1&quot; high
            3.5&quot; SCSI hard-disk drive with SCA connector.</p>

            <p>Note that there is no floppy disk drive (or a
            connector to add one).</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options    DEC_ST6600
    cpu EV5
</pre>

            <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt
            class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in
            the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu
            EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a
            href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
            <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
            class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
            happy.</p>
          </div>

          <div class="SECT3">
            <hr />

            <h3 class="SECT3"><a id="AEN1489" name="AEN1489">2.3.20
            Compaq AlphaServer ES40 (``Clipper'')</a></h3>

            <p>The ES40 is a SMP system that can have 1 - 4 21264
            Alpha CPUs. With the maximum configuration of 32GB of
            memory these systems are often deployed as heavy
            database servers and are also found in HPTC compute
            farm environments.</p>

            <p>Features:</p>

            <ul>
              <li>
                <p>21264 Alpha CPU at 500 (EV6), 667 (EV67) or 833
                MHz (EV68) (max. 4 CPUs)</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory bus: 256-bit wide</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>21272 Core Logic chipset</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>PS/2 mouse &#38; keyboard port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>memory: 200-pin JEDEC standard SDRAM DIMMS, max
                32 GBytes of memory</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>2 16550A serial port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>1 ECP/EPP parallel port</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>ALI M1543C Ultra DMA66 IDE interface</p>
              </li>

              <li>
                <p>expansion: 2 64 bit PCI buses</p>
              </li>
            </ul>

            <p>SRM console code comes standard with the ES40.</p>

            <p>ES40 comes with an ATA CDROM drive, but uses SCSI
            harddisks.</p>

            <p>Memory is divided in 4 memory arrays which each
            contain a set of 4 SDRAM DIMMs. Each DIMM is 72 bit
            wide and of the 100MHz speed variant. An array can
            contain 2 sets, so 8 DIMMs max per array. The DIMMs
            live on Memory Mother Boards (MMBs). There are 2 MMB
            models, with 4 and 8 DIMM sockets respectively. Each
            MMB provides half of the 256 bit memory bus width to
            the CPUs. Given the myriad options for the memory
            configuration it is advisable to check the system
            documentation for the optimum memory configuration.</p>

            <p>Dependent on the model variation the ES40 has 6 or
            10 64 bit PCI slots. This is basically just means the
            same backplane with less connectors mounted.</p>

            <p>ES40 has the same RMC remote power control as DS10
            and DS20. See the description of the RMC in the DS10
            section of this document. Most variations of ES40 have
            multiple power supplies, allowing for N+1 redundancy.
            When installing CPU cards you must unplug all power
            cords, the CPU cards receive standby power from the
            power supplies. Maximum memory configurations need more
            than the default number of powersupplies.</p>

            <p>The kernel config file must contain:</p>
<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">
    options   DEC_ST6600
    cpu     EV5
</pre>

            <p>Contrary to expectation there is no <tt
            class="LITERAL">cpu EV6</tt> defined for inclusion in
            the kernel config file. The <tt class="LITERAL">cpu
            EV5</tt> is mandatory to keep <a
            href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=config&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
            <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
            class="REFENTRYTITLE">config</span>(8)</span></a>
            happy.</p>
          </div>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1526" name="AEN1526">2.4
          Supported Hardware Overview</a></h2>

          <p>A word of caution: the installed base for FreeBSD is
          not nearly as large as for FreeBSD/Intel. This means that
          the enormous variation of PCI/ISA expansion cards out
          there has much less chance of having been tested on alpha
          than on Intel. This is not to imply they are doomed to
          fail, just that the chance of running into something
          never tested before is much higher. <tt
          class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt> contains things that are
          known to work on Alpha only.</p>

          <p>The PCI and ISA expansion busses are fully supported.
          Turbo Channel is not in <tt class="FILENAME">GENERIC</tt>
          and has limited support (see the relevant machine model
          info). The MCA bus is not supported. The EISA bus is not
          supported for use with EISA expansion cards as the EISA
          support code is lacking. ISA cards in EISA slots are
          reported to work. The Compaq Qvision EISA VGA card is
          driven in ISA mode and works OK as a console.</p>

          <p>1.44 Mbyte and 1.2 Mbyte floppy drives are supported.
          2.88 Mbyte drives sometimes found in Alpha machines are
          supported up to 1.44Mbyte.</p>

          <p>ATA and ATAPI (IDE) devices are supported via the <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a> driver
          framework. As most people run their Alphas with SCSI
          disks it is not as well tested as SCSI. Be aware of
          boot-ability restrictions for IDE disks. See the machine
          specific information.</p>

          <p>There is full SCSI support via the CAM layer for
          Adaptec 2940x (AIC7xxx chip-based), Qlogic family and
          Symbios. Be aware of the machine-specific boot-ability
          issues for the various adapter types.</p>

          <p>The Qlogic QL2x00 FibreChannel host adapters are fully
          supported.</p>

          <p>If you want to boot your Alpha over the Ethernet you
          will obviously need an Ethernet card that the SRM console
          recognizes. This generally means you need a board with an
          21x4x Ethernet chip as that is what Digital used. These
          chips are driven by the FreeBSD <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> (older
          driver) or <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> (newer
          driver). Some new SRM versions are known to recognize the
          Intel 8255x Ethernet chips as driven by the FreeBSD <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver.
          But beware: the <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a> driver is
          reported not to work correctly with FreeBSD (although it
          works excellently on FreeBSD/x86).</p>

          <p>DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI network adapters are supported on
          alpha.</p>

          <p>In general the SRM console emulates a
          VGA-compatibility mode on PCI VGA cards. This is,
          however, not guaranteed to work by Compaq/DEC for each
          and every card type out there. When the SRM thinks the
          VGA is acceptable FreeBSD will be able to use it. The
          console driver works just like on a FreeBSD/intel
          machine. Please note that VESA modes are not supported on
          Alpha, so that leaves you with 80x25 consoles.</p>

          <p>In some Alpha machines you will find video adapters
          based on TGA chips. The plain TGA adapter does not
          emulate VGA and is therefore not usable for a FreeBSD
          console. TGA2 cards have a basic VGA compatibility mode
          and work fine as FreeBSD consoles.</p>

          <p>The ``PC standard'' serial ports found on most Alphas
          are supported. For TurboChannel machines the serial ports
          are also supported.</p>

          <p>ISDN (i4b) is not supported on FreeBSD/alpha.</p>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1558" name="AEN1558">2.5
          Acknowledgments</a></h2>

          <p>In compiling this file I used multiple information
          sources, but <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/"
          target="_top">the NetBSD Web site</a> proved to be an
          invaluable source of information. If it wasn't for
          NetBSD/alpha there probably would not be a FreeBSD/alpha
          in the first place.</p>

          <p>People who kindly helped me create this section:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Andrew Gallatin <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
              href="mailto:gallatin@FreeBSD.org">gallatin@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Chuck Robey <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
              href="mailto:chuckr@FreeBSD.org">chuckr@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Matthew Jacob <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
              href="mailto:mjacob@FreeBSD.org">mjacob@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Michael Smith <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
              href="mailto:msmith@FreeBSD.org">msmith@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>David O'Brien <tt class="EMAIL">&#60;<a
              href="mailto:obrien@FreeBSD.org">obrien@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;</tt></p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Christian Weisgerber</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Kazutaka YOKOTA</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Nick Maniscalco</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Eric Schnoebelen</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Peter van Dijk</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Peter Jeremy</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dolf de Waal</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Wim Lemmers, ex-Compaq</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Wouter Brackman, Compaq</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Lodewijk van den Berg, Compaq</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>

      <div class="SECT1">
        <hr />

        <h1 class="SECT1"><a id="AEN1599" name="AEN1599">3
        Supported Devices</a></h1>
        $FreeBSD:
        src/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/hardware/common/dev.sgml,v
        1.13.2.79 2003/03/09 04:28:04 bmah Exp $

        <p>This section describes the devices currently known to be
        supported by with FreeBSD on the Alpha/AXP platform. Other
        configurations may also work, but simply have not been
        tested yet. Feedback, updates, and corrections to this list
        are encouraged.</p>

        <p>Where possible, the drivers applicable to each device or
        class of devices is listed. If the driver in question has a
        manual page in the FreeBSD base distribution (most should),
        it is referenced here.</p>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN1605" name="AEN1605">3.1 Disk
          Controllers</a></h2>

          <p>IDE/ATA controllers (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ata&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ata</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Acerlabs Aladdin</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>AMD 756 ATA66, 766 ATA100, 768 ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Cenatek Rocket Drive</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>CMD 646, 648 ATA66, and 649 ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Cypress 82C693</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Cyrix 5530 ATA33</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>HighPoint HPT366 ATA66, HPT370 ATA100, HPT372
              ATA133, HPT374 ATA133</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel ICH ATA66, ICH2 ATA100, ICH3 ATA100, ICH4
              ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>nVidia nForce ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Promise ATA100 OEM chip (pdc20265)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Promise ATA133 OEM chip (pdc20269)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Promise Fasttrak-33, -66, -100, -100 TX2/TX4, -133
              TX2/TX2000</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Promise Ultra-33, -66, -100, -133 TX2/TX2000</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ServerWorks ROSB4 ATA33</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ServerWorks CSB5 ATA66/ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Sil 0680 UDMA6</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SiS 530, 540, 620</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SiS 630, 633, 635, 645, 730, 733, 735, 740, 745,
              750</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SiS 5591 ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>VIA 82C586 ATA33, 82C596 ATA66, 82C686a ATA66,
              82C686b ATA100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>VIA 8233, 8235 ATA133</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Adaptec SCSI Controllers</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Adaptec
              19160/291x/2920/2930/2940/2950/29160/3940/3950/3960/39160/398x/494x
              series PCI SCSI controllers, including
              Narrow/Wide/Twin/Ultra/Ultra2 variants (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
              driver)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Adaptec AIC7770, AIC7850, AIC7860, AIC7870,
              AIC7880, and AIC789x on-board SCSI controllers (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ahc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">ahc</span>(4)</span></a>
              driver)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>AMI MegaRAID Express and Enterprise family RAID
          controllers (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=amr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">amr</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Series 418</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell PERC</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell PERC 2/SC</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell PERC 2/DC</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell PERC 3/DCL</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>HP NetRaid-1si</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>HP NetRaid-3si</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>HP Embedded NetRaid</p>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p>Booting from these controllers is not supported
              due to SRM limitations.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Mylex DAC960 and DAC1100 RAID controllers with 2.x,
          3.x, 4.x and 5.x firmware (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mlx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">mlx</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>DAC960P</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DAC960PD</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DAC960PDU</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DAC960PL</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DAC960PJ</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DAC960PG</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>AcceleRAID 150</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>AcceleRAID 250</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>eXtremeRAID 1100</p>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p>Booting from these controllers is not supported
              due to SRM limitations. This list includes
              controllers sold by Digital/Compaq in Alpha systems
              in the StorageWorks family, e.g. KZPSC or KZPAC.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>LSI/SymBios (formerly NCR) 53C810, 53C810a, 53C815,
          53C825, 53C825a, 53C860, 53C875, 53C875a, 53C876, 53C885,
          53C895, 53C895a, 53C896, 53C1010-33, 53C1010-66, 53C1000,
          53C1000R PCI SCSI controllers, either embedded on
          motherboard or on add-on boards (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ncr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ncr</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sym&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sym</span>(4)</span></a>
          drivers)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>ASUS SC-200, SC-896</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DawiControl DC2976UW</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Diamond FirePort (all)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NCR cards (all)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Symbios cards (all)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D,
              and 390U3W</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Tyan S1365</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Qlogic controllers and variants (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=isp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">isp</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Qlogic 1020, 1040 SCSI and Ultra SCSI host
              adapters</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Qlogic 1240 dual Ultra SCSI controllers</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Qlogic 1080 Ultra2 LVD and 1280 Dual Ultra2 LVD
              controllers</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Qlogic 12160 Ultra3 LVD controllers</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Qlogic 2100 and Qlogic 2200 Fibre Channel SCSI
              controllers</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Qlogic 2300 and Qlogic 2312 2-Gigabit Fibre
              Channel SCSI controllers</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Performance Technology SBS440 ISP1000 variants</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Performance Technology SBS450 ISP1040 variants</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Performance Technology SBS470 ISP2100 variants</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Antares Microsystems P-0033 ISP2100 variants</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>LSI Logic Fusion/MP architecture Fiber Channel
          controllers (mpt driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>LSI FC909, FC929</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>LSI 53c1020, 53c1030</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is
          provided for SCSI-I, SCSI-II, and SCSI-III peripherals,
          including hard disks, optical disks, tape drives
          (including DAT, 8mm Exabyte, Mammoth, and DLT), medium
          changers, processor target devices and CD-ROM drives.
          WORM devices that support CD-ROM commands are supported
          for read-only access by the CD-ROM drivers (such as <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>).
          WORM/CD-R/CD-RW writing support is provided by <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cdrecord&sektion=1&manpath=FreeBSD+Ports">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">cdrecord</span>(1)</span></a>,
          which is a part of the <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/sysutils/cdrtools/pkg-descr">
          <tt class="FILENAME">sysutils/cdrtools</tt></a> port in
          the Ports Collection.</p>

          <p>The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at
          this time:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>SCSI interface (also includes ProAudio Spectrum
              and SoundBlaster SCSI) (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">cd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ATAPI IDE interface (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=acd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">acd</span>(4)</span></a>)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="ETHERNET" name="ETHERNET">3.2
          Ethernet Interfaces</a></h2>

          <p>Adaptec Duralink PCI Fast Ethernet adapters based on
          the Adaptec AIC-6915 Fast Ethernet controller chip (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sf&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sf</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX
              adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX
              adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX
              adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX
              adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>AMD PCnet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lnc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">lnc</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcn&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcn</span>(4)</span></a>
          drivers)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>AMD PCnet/PCI (79c970 &#38; 53c974 or 79c974)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>AMD PCnet/FAST</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>PCnet/FAST+</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>PCnet/FAST III</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>PCnet/PRO</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>PCnet/Home</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>HomePNA</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>National Semiconductor DS8390-based Ethernet NICs,
          including Novell NE2000 and clones (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>3C503 Etherlink II (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ed&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">ed</span>(4)</span></a>
              driver)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NetVin 5000</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>RealTek 8029</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SMC Elite 16 WD8013 Ethernet interface</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SMC Elite Ultra</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SMC WD8003E, WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W, WD8003S,
              WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT and clones</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Surecom NE-34</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>VIA VT86C926</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Winbond W89C940</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>RealTek 8129/8139 Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">rl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek
              8139 clone)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Allied Telesyn AT2550</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Allied Telesyn AT2500TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>D-Link DFE-530TX+, DFE-538TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Genius GF100TXR (RTL8139)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NDC Communications NE100TX-E</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>OvisLink LEF-8129TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>OvisLink LEF-8139TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Lite-On 82c168/82c169 PNIC Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Kingston KNE110TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Matrox FastNIC 10/100</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A and 98725 Fast
          Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Accton EN1217 (98715A)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Adico AE310TX (98715A)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>CNet Pro120A (98713 or 98713A)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>CNet Pro120B (98715)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NDC Communications SFA100A (98713A)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SVEC PN102TX (98713)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Macronix/Lite-On PNIC II LC82C115 Fast Ethernet NICs
          (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX Version 2</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Winbond W89C840F Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wb&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">wb</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Trendware TE100-PCIE</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>VIA Technologies VT3043 ``Rhine I'', VT86C100A ``Rhine
          II'', and VT86C105/VT86C105M ``Rhine III'' Fast Ethernet
          NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vr&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">vr</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>AOpen/Acer ALN-320</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>D-Link DFE-530TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Hawking Technologies PN102TX</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 and SiS 7016 PCI
          Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>SiS 630, 635 and 735 motherboard chipsets</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>National Semiconductor DP83815 Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sis&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sis</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>NetGear FA311-TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NetGear FA312-TX</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Sundance Technologies ST201 PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ste&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ste</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>D-Link DFE-550TX</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>SysKonnect SK-984x PCI Gigabit Ethernet cards (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sk&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sk</span>(4)</span></a>
          drivers)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>SK-9821 1000baseT copper, single port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SK-9822 1000baseT copper, dual port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SK-9841 1000baseLX single mode fiber, single
              port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SK-9842 1000baseLX single mode fiber, dual
              port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SK-9843 1000baseSX multimode fiber, single
              port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SK-9844 1000baseSX multimode fiber, dual port</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Texas Instruments ThunderLAN PCI NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">tl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Compaq Netelligent 10, 10/100, 10/100
              Dual-Port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP, 10 T
              PCI UTP/Coax, 10/100 TX UTP</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Compaq NetFlex 3P, 3P Integrated, 3P w/BNC</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Olicom OC-2135/2138, OC-2325, OC-2326 10/100 TX
              UTP</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Racore 8165 10/100baseTX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX
              multi-personality</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>ADMtek Inc. AL981-based PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <p>ADMtek Inc. AN985-based PCI Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>LinkSys EtherFast LNE100TX v4.0/4.1</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>ASIX Electronics AX88140A PCI NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Alfa Inc. GFC2204</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>CNet Pro110B</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>DEC DC21040, DC21041, DC21140, DC21141, DC21142, and
          DC21143 based NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=de&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">de</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Asante</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>DEC DE425, DE435, DE450, and DE500</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SMC Etherpower 8432T, 9332, and 9334</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>ZYNX ZX 3xx</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>DEC/Intel 21143 based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>DEC DE500</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Compaq Presario 7900 series built-in Ethernet</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>D-Link DFE-570TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Kingston KNE100TX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive
              built-in Ethernet</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Davicom DM9009, DM9100 and DM9102 PCI Fast Ethernet
          NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=dc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">dc</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Jaton Corporation XpressNet</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Intel 82557- or 82559-based Fast Ethernet NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fxp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">fxp</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B PCI Fast Ethernet</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel InBusiness 10/100 PCI Network Adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel Pro/100 VE Desktop Adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel Pro/100 M Desktop Adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel Pro/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port
              Server Adapters</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>On-board Ethernet NICs on many Intel
              motherboards.</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>3Com Etherlink XL-based NICs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xl&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">xl</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>3C900/905/905B/905C PCI</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3C556/556B MiniPCI</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3C450-TX HomeConnect adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3c980/3c980B Fast Etherlink XL server adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell Optiplex GX1 on-board 3C918</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell On-board 3C920</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell Precision on-board 3C905B</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Dell Latitude laptop docking station embedded
              3C905-TX</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Ethernet and Fast Ethernet NICs based on the 3Com 3XP
          Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) chipset (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=txp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">txp</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>3Com 3CR990-TX-95</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3Com 3CR990-TX-97</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3Com 3CR990B-SRV</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3Com 3CR990B-TXM</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3Com 3CR990SVR95</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>3Com 3CR990SVR97</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Gigabit Ethernet NICs based on the Intel 82542 and
          82543 controller chips (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">wx</span>(4)</span></a>, <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">gx</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> drivers),
          plus NICs supported by the Intel 82540EM, 82544, 82545EM,
          and 82546EB controller chips (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver
          only)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet</p>
            </li>
          </ul>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p><b>Note:</b> The <a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=wx&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">wx</span>(4)</span></a> driver
              is deprecated.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p><b>Note:</b> The <a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">em</span>(4)</span></a> driver
              is officially supported by Intel, but is only
              supported on the i386.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br />
          <br />
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN2903" name="AEN2903">3.3 FDDI
          Interfaces</a></h2>

          <p>DEC DEFPA PCI (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fpa&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">fpa</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN2913" name="AEN2913">3.4 ATM
          Interfaces</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN2955" name="AEN2955">3.5
          Wireless Network Interfaces</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3083" name="AEN3083">3.6
          Miscellaneous Networks</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3093" name="AEN3093">3.7 ISDN
          Interfaces</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3157" name="AEN3157">3.8
          Multi-port Serial Interfaces</a></h2>

          <p>AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ</p>

          <p>Comtrol Rocketport card (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rp&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">rp</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3257" name="AEN3257">3.9
          Audio Devices</a></h2>

          <p>ESS</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>ES1868, ES1869, ES1879 and ES1888 (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
              driver)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and Maestro-2E</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Maestro-3/Allegro</p>

              <div class="NOTE">
                <blockquote class="NOTE">
                  <p><b>Note:</b> The Maestro-3/Allegro cannot be
                  compiled into the FreeBSD kernel due to licensing
                  restrictions. To use this driver, add the
                  following line to <tt
                  class="FILENAME">/boot/loader.conf</tt>:</p>
<pre class="SCREEN">
    <tt class="USERINPUT"><b>snd_maestro3_load="YES"</b></tt>
</pre>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>MSS/WSS Compatible DSPs (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pcm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">pcm</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <p>Creative Technologies SoundBlaster series (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sbc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sbc</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>SoundBlaster</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SoundBlaster Pro</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SoundBlaster AWE-32</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SoundBlaster AWE-64</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SoundBlaster AWE-64 GOLD</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SoundBlaster ViBRA-16</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3360" name="AEN3360">3.10
          Camera and Video Capture Devices</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="USB" name="USB">3.11 USB
          Devices</a></h2>

          <p>A range of USB peripherals are supported; devices
          known to work are listed in this section. Owing to the
          generic nature of most USB devices, with some exceptions
          any device of a given class will be supported, even if
          not explicitly listed here.</p>

          <div class="NOTE">
            <blockquote class="NOTE">
              <p><b>Note:</b> USB Ethernet adapters can be found in
              the section listing <a href="#ETHERNET">Ethernet
              interfaces</a>.</p>
            </blockquote>
          </div>

          <p>Host Controllers (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ohci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ohci</span>(4)</span></a> and <a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uhci&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">uhci</span>(4)</span></a>
          drivers)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>ALi Aladdin-V</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>AMD-756</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>CMD Tech 670 &#38; 673</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel 82371SB (PIIX3)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel 82371AB and EB (PIIX4)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel 82801AA (ICH)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel 82801AB (ICH0)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel 82801BA/BAM (ICH2)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Intel 82443MX</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NEC uPD 9210</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>OPTi 82C861 (FireLink)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>SiS 5571</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>VIA 83C572 USB</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>UHCI or OHCI compliant motherboard chipsets (no
              exceptions known)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Hubs</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Andromeda hub</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MacAlly self powered hub (4 ports)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>NEC hub</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Keyboards (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ukbd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ukbd</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Apple iMac keyboard</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>BTC BTC7935 keyboard with PS/2 mouse port</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Cherry G81-3504 keyboard</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Logitech M2452 keyboard</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MacAlly iKey keyboard</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Microsoft keyboard</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Sun Microsystems Type 6 USB keyboard</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Mice (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ums&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ums</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Agiler Mouse 29UO</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Apple iMac Mouse</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Belkin Mouse</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Chic mouse</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Cypress mouse</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Genius Niche mouse</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Kensington Mouse-in-a-Box</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Logitech wheel mouse (3 buttons)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Logitech PS/2 / USB mouse (3 buttons)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>MacAlly mouse (3 buttons)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Microsoft IntelliMouse (3 buttons)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Sun Microsystems Type 6 USB Mouse</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Trust Ami Mouse (3 buttons)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Printers and parallel printer conversion cables (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ulpt&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ulpt</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>ATen parallel printer adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Belkin F5U002 parallel printer adapter</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Entrega USB-to-parallel printer adapter</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Storage (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=umass&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">umass</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>Matshita CF-VFDU03 floppy drive</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Microtech USB-SCSI-HD 50 USB to SCSI cable</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Panasonic floppy drive</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Y-E Data floppy drive (720/1.44/2.88Mb)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="FIREWIRE" name="FIREWIRE">3.12
          IEEE 1394 (Firewire) Devices</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3619" name="AEN3619">3.13
          Cryptographic Accelerators</a></h2>
        </div>

        <div class="SECT2">
          <hr />

          <h2 class="SECT2"><a id="AEN3644" name="AEN3644">3.14
          Miscellaneous</a></h2>

          <p>Floppy drives (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=fd&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">fd</span>(4)</span></a> driver)</p>

          <p>Keyboards including:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>AT-style keyboards</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>PS/2 keyboards</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>USB keyboards (specific instances are listed in
              the section describing <a href="#USB">USB
              devices</a>)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>Mice including:</p>

          <ul>
            <li>
              <p>PS/2 mice (<a
              href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=psm&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
              <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
              class="REFENTRYTITLE">psm</span>(4)</span></a>
              driver)</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>Serial mice</p>
            </li>

            <li>
              <p>USB mice (specific instances are listed in the
              section describing <a href="#USB">USB
              devices</a>)</p>
            </li>
          </ul>
          <br />
          <br />

          <p>``PC standard'' parallel ports (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ppc&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">ppc</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>

          <p>``PC standard'' 8250, 16450, and 16550-based serial
          ports (<a
          href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sio&sektion=4&manpath=FreeBSD+4.8-RELEASE">
          <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span
          class="REFENTRYTITLE">sio</span>(4)</span></a>
          driver)</p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <hr />

    <p align="center"><small>This file, and other release-related
    documents, can be downloaded from <a
    href="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/">ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/</a>.</small></p>

    <p align="center"><small>For questions about FreeBSD, read the
    <a href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs.html">documentation</a>
    before contacting &#60;<a
    href="mailto:questions@FreeBSD.org">questions@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</small></p>

    <p align="center"><small><small>All users of FreeBSD 4-STABLE
    should subscribe to the &#60;<a
    href="mailto:stable@FreeBSD.org">stable@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;
    mailing list.</small></small></p>

    <p align="center">For questions about this documentation,
    e-mail &#60;<a
    href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">doc@FreeBSD.org</a>&#62;.</p>
    <br />
    <br />
++++


