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Index Page chbigr_c
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Procedure Abstract Required_Reading Keywords Brief_I/O Detailed_Input | Detailed_Output Parameters Exceptions Files Particulars Examples | Restrictions Literature_References Author_and_Institution Version Index_Entries
#### Procedure
       chbigr_c ( Chebyshev expansion integral )

       void chbigr_c ( SpiceInt            degp,
                       ConstSpiceDouble    cp     [],
                       ConstSpiceDouble    x2s    [2],
                       SpiceDouble         x,
                       SpiceDouble       * p,
                       SpiceDouble       * itgrlp     )
#### Abstract
       Evaluate an indefinite integral of a Chebyshev expansion at a
       specified point `x' and return the value of the input expansion at
       `x' as well. The constant of integration is selected to make the
       integral zero when `x' equals the abscissa value x2s[0].
#### Required_Reading
       None.
#### Keywords
       CHEBYSHEV
       EPHEMERIS
       INTEGRAL
       MATH
#### Brief_I/O
       VARIABLE  I/O  DESCRIPTION
       --------  ---  --------------------------------------------------
       degp       I   Degree of input Chebyshev expansion.
       cp         I   Chebyshev coefficients of input expansion.
       x2s        I   Transformation parameters.
       x          I   Abscissa value of evaluation.
       p          O   Input expansion evaluated at `x'.
       itgrlp     O   Integral evaluated at `x'.
#### Detailed_Input
       degp        is the degree of the input Chebyshev expansion.

       cp          is an array containing the coefficients of the input
                   Chebyshev expansion. The coefficient of the i'th
                   Chebyshev polynomial is contained in element cp[i],
                   for i = 0 : degp.

       x2s         is an array containing the "transformation parameters"
                   of the domain of the expansion. Element x2s[0]
                   contains the midpoint of the interval on which the
                   input expansion is defined; x2s[1] is one-half of the
                   length of this interval; this value is called the
                   interval's "radius."

                   The input expansion defines a function f(x) on the
                   interval

                      [ x2s[0]-x2s[1],  x2s[0]+x2s[1] ]

                   as follows:

                      Define s = ( x - x2s[0] ) / x2s[1]

                                        degp
                                        __
                                        \
                         f(x) = g(s)  = /  cp[k]  T (s)
                                        --         k
                                        k=0

       x           is the abscissa value at which the function defined by
                   the input expansion and its integral are to be
                   evaluated. Normally `x' should lie in the closed
                   interval

                      [ x2s[0]-x2s[1],  x2s[0]+x2s[1] ]

                   See the -Restrictions section below.
#### Detailed_Output
       p,
       itgrlp      Define `s' and f(x) as above in the description of the
                   input argument `x2s'. Then `p' is f(x), and `itgrlp' is
                   an indefinite integral of f(x), evaluated at `x'.

                   The indefinite integral satisfies

                      d(itgrlp)/dx     = f(x)

                   and

                      itgrlp( x2s[0] ) = 0
#### Parameters
       None.
#### Exceptions
       1)  If the input degree is negative, the error SPICE(INVALDDEGREE) is
           signaled by a routine in the call tree of this routine.

       2)  If the input interval radius is non-positive, the error
           SPICE(INVALIDRADIUS) is signaled by a routine in the call tree of
           this routine.
#### Files
       None.
#### Particulars
       Let

          T ,  n = 0, ...
           n

       represent the nth Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind:

          T (x) = cos( n*arccos(x) )
           n

       The input coefficients represent the Chebyshev expansion

                         degp
                         __
                         \
          f(x) = g(s)  = /  cp[k]  T (s)
                         --         k
                         k=0

       where

          s = ( x - x2s[0] ) / x2s[1]

       This routine evaluates and returns the value at `x' of an
       indefinite integral F(x), where

          dF(x)/dx    = f(x)  for all `x' in
                              [x2s[0]-x2s[0], x2s[0]+x2s[1]]

          F( x2s[0] ) = 0

       The value at `x' of the input expansion

          f(x)

       is returned as well.

       Note that numerical problems may result from applying this
       routine to abscissa values outside of the interval defined
       by the input parameters x2s[*]. See the -Restrictions section.

       To evaluate Chebyshev expansions and their derivatives, use the
       CSPICE routines chbint_c or chbder_c.

       This routine supports the SPICELIB SPK type 20 and PCK type 20
       evaluators SPKE20 and PCKE20.
#### Examples
       The numerical results shown for this example may differ across
       platforms. The results depend on the SPICE kernels used as
       input, the compiler and supporting libraries, and the machine
       specific arithmetic implementation.

       1) Let the domain of a polynomial to be evaluated be the
          closed interval

             [20, 30]

          Let the input expansion represent the polynomial

                               6
             f(x)  = g(s) = 5*s

          where

             s     = (x - 20)/10

          Let F(x) be an indefinite integral of f(x) such that

             F(20) = 0

          Evaluate

             f(30) and F(30)

          Example code begins here.

          /.
             Program chbigr_ex1
          ./
          #include <stdio.h>
          #include "SpiceUsr.h"

          int main( )
          {

             /.
             Local variables
             ./
             SpiceDouble          cp     [6];
             SpiceDouble          x;
             SpiceDouble          x2s    [2];
             SpiceDouble          p;
             SpiceDouble          itgrlp;

             SpiceInt             degp;

             /.
             Let our domain be the interval [10, 30].
             ./
             x2s[0] = 20.0;
             x2s[1] = 10.0;

             /.
             Assign the expansion coefficients.
             ./
             degp  = 5;

             cp[0] = 0.0;
             cp[1] = 3.75;
             cp[2] = 0.0;
             cp[3] = 1.875;
             cp[4] = 0.0;
             cp[5] = 0.375;

             /.
             Evaluate the function and its integral at x = 30.
             ./
             x = 30.0;

             chbigr_c ( degp, cp, x2s, x, &p, &itgrlp );

             /.
             We make the change of variables

                s(x) = (1/10) * ( x - 20 )

             The expansion represents the polynomial

                                 5
                f(x) = g(s) = 6*s

             An indefinite integral of the expansion is

                                            6
                F(x) = G(s) * dx/ds = 10 * s

             where `G' is defined on the interval [-1, 1]. The result
             should be (due to the change of variables)

                  (G(1)  - G(0) ) * dx/ds

                = (F(30) - F(20)) * 10

                = 10

             The value of the expansion at `x' should be

                f(30) = g(1) = 6
             ./
             printf( "ITGRLP = %f\n", itgrlp );
             printf( "P      = %f\n", p );

             return ( 0 );
          }

          When this program was executed on a Mac/Intel/cc/64-bit
          platform, the output was:

          ITGRLP = 10.000000
          P      = 6.000000
#### Restrictions
       1)  The value (x-x2s[0]) / x2s[1] normally should lie within the
           interval -1:1 inclusive, that is, the closed interval
           [-1, 1]. Chebyshev polynomials increase rapidly in magnitude
           as a function of distance of abscissa values from this
           interval.

           In typical SPICE applications, where the input expansion
           represents position, velocity, or orientation, abscissa
           values that map to points outside of [-1, 1] due to round-off
           error will not cause numeric exceptions.

       2)  No checks for floating point overflow are performed.

       3)  Significant accumulated round-off error can occur for input
           expansions of excessively high degree. This routine imposes
           no limits on the degree of the input expansion; users must
           verify that the requested computation provides appropriate
           accuracy.
#### Literature_References
       [1]  W. Press, B. Flannery, S. Teukolsky and W. Vetterling,
            "Numerical Recipes -- The Art of Scientific Computing,"
            chapter 5.4, "Recurrence Relations and Clenshaw's Recurrence
            Formula," p 161, Cambridge University Press, 1986.

       [2]  "Chebyshev polynomials," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
            Retrieved 01:23, November 23, 2013, from
            http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=
            Chebyshev_polynomials&oldid=574881046
#### Author_and_Institution
       J. Diaz del Rio     (ODC Space)
#### Version
       -CSPICE Version 1.0.0, 19-JUL-2021 (JDR)
#### Index_Entries
       integral of chebyshev_polynomial_expansion
       integrate chebyshev_polynomial_expansion
#### Link to routine chbigr_c source file chbigr_c.c

    Fri Dec 31 18:41:02 2021