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Index Page spkw10_c
Table of contents
Procedure Abstract Required_Reading Keywords Brief_I/O Detailed_Input | Detailed_Output Parameters Exceptions Files Particulars Examples | Restrictions Literature_References Author_and_Institution Version Index_Entries
#### Procedure
       spkw10_c (SPK - write a type 10 segment )

       void spkw10_c ( SpiceInt           handle,
                       SpiceInt           body,
                       SpiceInt           center,
                       ConstSpiceChar   * frame,
                       SpiceDouble        first,
                       SpiceDouble        last,
                       ConstSpiceChar   * segid,
                       ConstSpiceDouble   consts [8],
                       SpiceInt           n,
                       ConstSpiceDouble   elems  [],
                       ConstSpiceDouble   epochs []  )
#### Abstract
       Write an SPK type 10 segment to the file specified by
       the input `handle'.
#### Required_Reading
       NAIF_IDS
       SPK
#### Keywords
       SPK
#### Brief_I/O
       VARIABLE  I/O  DESCRIPTION
       --------  ---  --------------------------------------------------
       handle     I   The handle of a DAF file open for writing.
       body       I   The NAIF ID code for the body of the segment.
       center     I   The center of motion for `body'.
       frame      I   The reference frame for this segment.
       first      I   The first epoch for which the segment is valid.
       last       I   The last  epoch for which the segment is valid.
       segid      I   The string to use for segment identifier.
       consts     I   Array of geophysical constants for the segment.
       n          I   The number of element/epoch pairs to be stored
       elems      I   The collection of "two-line" element sets.
       epochs     I   The epochs associated with the element sets.
#### Detailed_Input
       handle      is the file handle of a SPK file that has been opened
                   for writing.

       body        is the NAIF ID for the body whose states are
                   to be recorded in an SPK file.

       center      is the NAIF ID for the center of motion associated
                   with `body'.

       frame       is the reference frame that states are referenced to,
                   for example "J2000".

       first,
       last        are the bounds on the ephemeris times, expressed as
                   seconds past J2000, for which the states can be used
                   to interpolate a state for `body'.

       segid       is the segment identifier. An SPK segment identifier
                   may contain up to 40 characters.

       consts      are the geophysical constants needed for evaluation
                   of the two line elements sets. The order of these
                   constants must be:

                      consts[0] = J2 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
                      consts[1] = J3 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
                      consts[2] = J4 gravitational harmonic for Earth.

                   These first three constants are dimensionless.

                      consts[3] = KE: Square root of the GM for Earth where
                                  GM is expressed in Earth radii cubed
                                  per minutes squared.

                      consts[4] = QO: High altitude bound for atmospheric
                                  model in km.

                      consts[5] = SO: Low altitude bound for atmospheric
                                  model in km.

                      consts[6] = RE: Equatorial radius of the earth in km.

                      consts[7] = AE: Distance units/earth radius
                                 (normally 1).

                   Below are currently recommended values for these
                   items:

                      J2 =    1.082616e-3
                      J3 =   -2.53881e-6
                      J4 =   -1.65597e-6

                   The next item is the square root of GM for the Earth
                   given in units of earth-radii**1.5/Minute

                      KE =    7.43669161e-2

                   The next two items define the top and bottom of the
                   atmospheric drag model used by the type 10 ephemeris
                   type. Don't adjust these unless you understand the full
                   implications of such changes.

                      QO =  120.0e0
                      SO =   78.0e0

                   The ER value is the equatorial radius in km of the Earth
                   as used by NORAD.

                      ER = 6378.135e0

                   The value of AE is the number of distance units per
                   Earth radii used by the NORAD state propagation
                   software. The value should be 1 unless you've got a very
                   good understanding of the NORAD routine SGP4 and the
                   affect of changing this value.

                      AE =    1.0e0

       n           is the number of "two-line" element sets and epochs
                   to be stored in the segment.

       elems       is a time-ordered array of two-line elements as supplied
                   in NORAD two-line element files. The i'th set of
                   elements should be stored as shown here:

                      base = i*10

                      elems[ base + 0 ] = NDT20 in radians/minute**2
                      elems[ base + 1 ] = NDD60 in radians/minute**3
                      elems[ base + 2 ] = BSTAR
                      elems[ base + 3 ] = INCL  in radians
                      elems[ base + 4 ] = NODE0 in radians
                      elems[ base + 5 ] = ECC
                      elems[ base + 6 ] = OMEGA in radians
                      elems[ base + 7 ] = M0    in radians
                      elems[ base + 8 ] = N0    in radians/minute
                      elems[ base + 9 ] = EPOCH the elements in seconds
                                          past ephemeris epoch J2000.

                   The meaning of these variables is defined by the
                   format of the two-line element files available from
                   NORAD.

       epochs      is an n-dimensional array that contains the epochs
                   (ephemeris seconds past J2000) corresponding to the
                   elements in `elems'. The i'th epoch must equal the epoch
                   of the i'th element set. `epochs' must form a strictly
                   increasing sequence.
#### Detailed_Output
       None.

       The routine writes an SPK type 10 segment to the file attached to
       `handle'.
#### Parameters
       None.
#### Exceptions
       1)  If the structure or content of the inputs are invalid, an
           error is signaled by a routine in the call tree of this
           routine.

       2)  If any file access error occurs, the error is signaled by a
           routine in the call tree of this routine.

       3)  If any of the `frame' or `segid' input string pointers is
           null, the error SPICE(NULLPOINTER) is signaled.

       4)  If any of the `frame' or `segid' input strings has zero
           length, the error SPICE(EMPTYSTRING) is signaled.
#### Files
       None.
#### Particulars
       This routine writes a type 10 SPK segment to the SPK file open
       for writing that is attached to `handle'.

       The routine getelm_c reads two-line element sets, as those
       distributed by NORAD, and converts them to the elements in units
       suitable for use in this routine.
#### Examples
       The numerical results shown for this example may differ across
       platforms. The results depend on the SPICE kernels used as
       input, the compiler and supporting libraries, and the machine
       specific arithmetic implementation.

       1) Suppose that you have collected the two-line element data
          for a spacecraft with NORAD ID 18123. The following example
          code demonstrates how you could go about creating a type 10
          SPK segment.

          Use the meta-kernel shown below to load the required SPICE
          kernels.

             KPL/MK

             File name: spkw10_ex1.tm

             This meta-kernel is intended to support operation of SPICE
             example programs. The kernels shown here should not be
             assumed to contain adequate or correct versions of data
             required by SPICE-based user applications.

             In order for an application to use this meta-kernel, the
             kernels referenced here must be present in the user's
             current working directory.

             The names and contents of the kernels referenced
             by this meta-kernel are as follows:

                File name           Contents
                ---------           ------------------------------------
                naif0012.tls        Leapseconds
                geophysical.ker     geophysical constants for evaluation
                                    of two-line element sets.

             The geophysical.ker is a PCK file that is provided with the
             SPICE toolkit under the "/data" directory.

             \begindata

                KERNELS_TO_LOAD = ( 'naif0012.tls',
                                    'geophysical.ker'  )

             \begintext

             End of meta-kernel

          Example code begins here.

          /.
             Program spkw10_ex1
          ./
          #include "SpiceUsr.h"

          int main( )
          {

             /.
             Local parameters.
             ./
             #define PNAMLN       3
             #define SPK10        "spkw10_ex1.bsp"
             #define TLELLN       70

             /.
             The SPK type 10 segment will contain 18 two-line
             elements sets for the NORAD spacecraft 18123 with
             respect to the Earth (ID 399) in the J2000 reference
             frame.

             As stated in the naif_ids required reading, for Earth
             orbiting spacecraft lacking a DSN identification code,
             the NAIF ID is derived from the tracking ID assigned to
             it by NORAD via:

                NAIF ID = -100000 - NORAD ID code
             ./
             #define TLESSZ       9
             #define BODY         -118123
             #define CENTER       399
             #define FRMNAM       "J2000"

             /.
             Local variables.
             ./
             SpiceChar          * ifname;
             SpiceChar          * segid;

             SpiceDouble          consts [8];
             SpiceDouble          elems  [10*TLESSZ];
             SpiceDouble          epochs [TLESSZ];
             SpiceDouble          first;
             SpiceDouble          last;

             SpiceInt             handle;
             SpiceInt             i;
             SpiceInt             n;
             SpiceInt             ncomch;

             /.
             These are the variables that will hold the constants
             required by SPK type 10. These constants are available
             from the loaded PCK file, which provides the actual
             values and units as used by NORAD propagation model.

                Constant   Meaning
                --------   ------------------------------------------
                J2         J2 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
                J3         J3 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
                J4         J4 gravitational harmonic for Earth.
                KE         Square root of the GM for Earth.
                QO         High altitude bound for atmospheric model.
                SO         Low altitude bound for atmospheric model.
                ER         Equatorial radius of the Earth.
                AE         Distance units/earth radius.
             ./
             SpiceChar            noadpn [8][PNAMLN] = {
                                       "J2", "J3", "J4", "KE",
                                       "QO", "SO", "ER", "AE" };

             /.
             Define the Two-Line Element sets.
             ./
             SpiceChar            tle    [2*TLESSZ][TLELLN] = {
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87324.61041692 -.00000023"
                                                 "  00000-0 -75103-5 0 00675",
                                "2 18123  98.8296 152.0074 0014950 168.7820 "
                                                 "191.3688 14.12912554 21686",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87326.73487726  .00000045"
                                                 "  00000-0  28709-4 0 00684",
                                "2 18123  98.8335 154.1103 0015643 163.5445 "
                                                 "196.6235 14.12912902 21988",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87331.40868801  .00000104"
                                                 "  00000-0  60183-4 0 00690",
                                "2 18123  98.8311 158.7160 0015481 149.9848 "
                                                 "210.2220 14.12914624 22644",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87334.24129978  .00000086"
                                                 "  00000-0  51111-4 0 00702",
                                "2 18123  98.8296 161.5054 0015372 142.4159 "
                                                 "217.8089 14.12914879 23045",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87336.93227900 -.00000107"
                                                 "  00000-0 -52860-4 0 00713",
                                "2 18123  98.8317 164.1627 0014570 135.9191 "
                                                 "224.2321 14.12910572 23425",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87337.28635487  .00000173"
                                                 "  00000-0  10226-3 0 00726",
                                "2 18123  98.8284 164.5113 0015289 133.5979 "
                                                 "226.6438 14.12916140 23475",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87339.05673569  .00000079"
                                                 "  00000-0  47069-4 0 00738",
                                "2 18123  98.8288 166.2585 0015281 127.9985 "
                                                 "232.2567 14.12916010 24908",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87345.43010859  .00000022"
                                                 "  00000-0  16481-4 0 00758",
                                "2 18123  98.8241 172.5226 0015362 109.1515 "
                                                 "251.1323 14.12915487 24626",
                                "1 18123U 87 53  A 87349.04167543  .00000042"
                                                 "  00000-0  27370-4 0 00764",
                                "2 18123  98.8301 176.1010 0015565 100.0881 "
                                                 "260.2047 14.12916361 25138"  };

             /.
             Load the PCK file that provides the geophysical
             constants required for the evaluation of the two-line
             elements sets. Load also an LSK, as it is required by
             getelm_c to perform time conversions. Use a metakernel for
             convenience.
             ./
             furnsh_c ( "spkw10_ex1.tm" );

             /.
             Retrieve the data from the kernel, and place it on
             the `consts' array.
             ./
             for ( i = 0; i < 8; i++ )
             {
                bodvcd_c ( CENTER, noadpn[i], 1, &n, consts+i );
             }

             /.
             Convert the Two Line Elements lines to the
             element sets.
             ./
             for ( i = 0; i < TLESSZ; i++ )
             {
                getelm_c ( 1950, TLELLN, tle[i*2], epochs+i, elems+(i*10) );
             }

             /.
             Define the beginning and end of the segment to be
             -/+ 12 hours from the first and last epochs,
             respectively.
             ./
             first = epochs[0] - 0.5 * spd_c();
             last  = epochs[TLESSZ-1] + 0.5 * spd_c();

             /.
             `ncomch' is the number of characters to reserve for the
             kernel's comment area. This example doesn't write
             comments, so set to zero.
             ./
             ncomch = 0;

             /.
             Internal file name and segment ID.
             ./
             ifname = "Test for type 10 SPK internal file name";
             segid  = "SPK type 10 test segment";

             /.
             Open a new SPK file.
             ./
             spkopn_c ( SPK10, ifname, ncomch, &handle );

             /.
             Now add the segment.
             ./
             spkw10_c ( handle, BODY,   CENTER, FRMNAM, first,  last,
                        segid,  consts, TLESSZ, elems,  epochs );

             /.
             Close the SPK file.
             ./
             spkcls_c ( handle );

             return ( 0 );
          }

          When this program is executed, no output is presented on
          screen. After run completion, a new SPK type 10 exists in
          the output directory.
#### Restrictions
       None.
#### Literature_References
       [1]  F. Hoots and R. Roehrich, "Spacetrack Report #3: Models for
            Propagation of the NORAD Element Sets," U.S. Air Force
            Aerospace Defense Command, Colorado Springs, CO, 1980.

       [2]  F. Hoots, "Spacetrack Report #6: Models for Propagation of
            Space Command Element Sets,"  U.S. Air Force Aerospace
            Defense Command, Colorado Springs, CO, 1986.

       [3]  F. Hoots, P. Schumacher and R. Glover, "History of Analytical
            Orbit Modeling in the U. S. Space Surveillance System,"
            Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 27(2):174-185,
            2004.

       [4]  D. Vallado, P. Crawford, R. Hujsak and T. Kelso, "Revisiting
            Spacetrack Report #3," paper AIAA 2006-6753 presented at the
            AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Keystone, CO.,
            August 21-24, 2006.
#### Author_and_Institution
       N.J. Bachman        (JPL)
       M. Costa Sitja      (JPL)
       J. Diaz del Rio     (ODC Space)
       B.V. Semenov        (JPL)
       W.L. Taber          (JPL)
#### Version
       -CSPICE Version 1.0.2, 05-NOV-2021 (JDR) (MCS)

           Edited the header to comply with NAIF standard. Added complete
           code example based on existing example.

           Added NAIF_IDS to the list of required readings. Added relevant
           reports and papers to -Literature_References.

       -CSPICE Version 1.0.1, 30-OCT-2006 (BVS)

           Deleted "inertial" from the FRAME description in the -Brief_I/O
           section of the header.

       -CSPICE Version 1.0.0, 29-JUN-1999 (NJB) (WLT)
#### Index_Entries
       write a type_10 SPK segment
#### Link to routine spkw10_c source file spkw10_c.c

    Fri Dec 31 18:41:13 2021