Index Page BRIEF User's Guide
## Table of Contents
       BRIEF User's Guide
          Abstract
          Summary
          Usage
          Helpful Hints for Those in a Hurry
          Ways to Provide File Names
          Default Summary Format
          Options Controlling Output Summary Format
             Displaying Centers-of-Motion/Relative-to-Frames (``-c'')
             Treating All Files as a Single File (``-a'')
             Display Summary in a Tabular Format (``-t'')
             Displaying Tabular Summary Sorted by Start Time (``-s'')
             Displaying Tabular Summary Grouped by Coverage (``-g'')
             Displaying Bodies/Frames Using Only Numeric IDs (``-n'')
             Displaying Summary Ordered by Body/Frame Name (``-o'')
             Specifying Multiple Options Controlling Output Format
          Options Controlling Output Time Format
             Displaying Times as ET Seconds Past J2000 (``-etsec'')
             Displaying Times in UTC Calendar Date Format (``-utc'')
             Display Times in UTC Day-of-Year Format (``-utcdoy'')
             Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Second (``-sec'')
             Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Minute (``-min'')
             Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Hour (``-hour'')
             Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Day (``-day'')
             Specifying Multiple Options Controlling Time Format
          Options Filtering Summary
             Filtering for a Specified Body/Frame (``-sb[bod]'' or ``-[bod]'')
             Filtering for a Specified Center/Relative-to-Frame (``-sc[cen]'')
             Filtering for a Specified Epoch (``-at [time]'')
             Filtering for a Specified Interval (``-from [beg]'' and ``-to [end]'')
             Specifying Multiple Filtering Options
          Miscellaneous Options
             Summarizing Kernels Listed in a File (``-f [list]'')
             Displaying Help and Version (``-h'' and ``-v'')
          Troubleshooting
          Appendix 1: Matrix of Output Formats
Top # BRIEF User's Guide Last revised on 2021 SEP 17 by B. V. Semenov. Top ## Abstract BRIEF is a command-line utility program that displays a contents and time coverage summary for one or more binary SPK or binary PCK files. Top ## Summary BRIEF is a command line program that displays summary of the contents and time coverage for one or more binary SPK or binary PCK files. The program can display a summary for each individual file listed on the command line, in a list file, and/or a meta-kernel, or for all files as if they were combined into a single file. It can display coverage boundaries as Ephemeris Times (ET) in calendar format, if requested rounded to the nearest second, minute, hour, or day, as ET seconds past J2000, as UTC times in ``year-month-day'' format , or as UTC times in ``day-of-year'' format. BRIEF can restrict summary display to only specified bodies or frames and/or specified centers-of-motion or relative-to-frames and/or for a specified time or time interval. It can display the summary in a variety of formats, ordered by body or frame names or numeric IDs, with or without showing centers-of-motion or relative-to-frames. Top ## Usage BRIEF is a command line program with the following usage:
       > brief [-options] file [file ...]
where [file]s are binary SPK or PCK files, and possibly text kernels needed to support some of the display types. The options are:
       -c           display centers-of-motion/relative-to-frames
       -t           display summary in a tabular format
       -a           treat all files as a single file

       -s           display summary sorted by start time for each body
       -g           display summary grouped by coverage
       -n           display bodies/frames using only numeric id-codes
       -o           display summary ordered by body/frame name

       -utc         display times in UTC calendar date format
       -utcdoy      display times in UTC day-of-year format
       -etsec       display times as ET seconds past J2000

       -sec         display times ``rounded inward'' to second
       -min         display times ``rounded inward'' to minute
       -hour        display times ``rounded inward'' to hour
       -day         display times ``rounded inward'' to day

       -<bod>       display summary for body [bod]
       -sb<bod>     display summary for body [bod]
       -sc<cen>     display summary for center/relative-to-frame [cen]
       -at <time>   display summary if coverage contains epoch [time]
       -from <beg>  display summary if coverage contains interval [beg]:
       -to <end>    display summary if coverage contains interval :[end]

       -f [list>    summarize kernels listed in the [list] file

       -h           display help
       -v           display version
The options can be provided in any order and can appear before, after, or intermixed with file names. The case of option keys is significant -- they must be lowercase as shown above. While any option can be provided together with any other option or a combination of options, some options will override others. For specific information on this refer to the sections of this document describing individual options in detail. Top ## Helpful Hints for Those in a Hurry This list contains a few quick suggestions about options that would be most appropriate for common summary tasks: `--` use shell filename substitution capabilities to provide multiple file names on the command line, e.g. ``*.bsp'' will be expanded into the list of all binary SPK files in the current directory by most shells `--` use ``-t'' in combination with any other options for more a legible summary format `--` use ``-c'' to see centers-of-motion when you need to identify those for which a SPICE error message reported lack of ephemeris data `--` use ``-t -c -s'' to see when/if a body switches its center-of-motion `--` use ``-a'' for a set of kernels that are to be used together `--` use ``-a'' when summarizing SPK files in a meta-kernel to see the combined set of ephemeris data available to an application that loads that meta-kernel `--` use ``-utc'' or ``-utcdoy'' and provide an LSK file to display times in UTC `--` provide FK files with body name-ID mappings and frame definitions to display names of bodies/frames not built into SPICE `--` use ``-etsec'' to display times as ET seconds past J2000 `--` use ``-sb'' to find out which kernels from a set contain data for the body of interest `--` use ``-at'' or ``-from''/``-to'' to find out which kernels from a set provide coverage for the time or the time interval of interest `--` use ``-f'' with a list file to summarize large sets of kernels, the names of which cannot be listed on the command line all at the same time Top ## Ways to Provide File Names BRIEF supports three ways to provide names of files to be summarized: `1.` by listing them on the command line `2.` by getting them from a meta-kernel(s) provided on the command line and/or in a list file `3.` by listing them in a list file provided with the ``-f'' option (see section ``Summarizing Kernels Listed in a File'' for more details) While each of these methods by itself or any combination of them may be used, the following two restrictions apply: `1.` BRIEF cannot summarize binary SPK files and binary PCK files in the same run. If you attempt to do so BRIEF responds with an error message. `2.` BRIEF summarizes only SPK files included in a meta-kernel(s). If binary PCK files are provided in a meta-kernel(s), BRIEF ignores them in all cases, even if a meta-kernel(s) lists just PCK files and no SPK files. In some cases BRIEF requires text kernels to be provided in addition to the files to be summarized. Such cases include providing an LSK file when times are to be displayed as UTC and providing an FK file when names need to be displayed in addition to numeric IDs for bodies/frames not built into SPICE. The names of text kernels may be provided in the same ways as the names of the files to be summarized -- on the command line, in a list file, or in a meta-kernel(s). Top ## Default Summary Format By default, when no options are specified, BRIEF displays summary information as a set of blocks, one for each SPK or PCK file, in the order in which the files were provided on the command line. Each block contains one or more tables showing coverage begin and end times for a set of bodies/frames with the same coverage provided by the file. The names and/or numeric IDs of the bodies/frames are listed at the top of each table in one or more columns, ordered by body/frame numeric ID down the columns. The coverage table itself, consisting of the column heading line indicating the time tag type, the line with separating dashes, and the coverage begin and end time, is provided below the body/frame list. The coverage begin and end times are displayed as calendar ET in the ``YYYY MON DD HR:MN:SC.DDD'' format while the body/frame name and numeric ID are displayed in the `NAME (ID)'' format, if numeric IDs can be mapped to names, or in the ``ID'' format, if numeric IDs cannot be mapped to names. Two examples below illustrate BRIEF's default output for SPK and PCK files. These examples should be used as a reference when examining the examples in the later sections of this document discussing various options. To fit in the maximum page width allowed for this User's Guide lines in these examples and all other examples in this document were truncated at 69 characters. If BRIEF is run to display the default summary for three binary SPK files `--` ``stardust.bsp'' containing trajectory data for Stardust covering from 2003-DEC-01 to 2004-JAN-10, ephemerides for Solar System barycenters, Sun, Mercury, Venus, Moon, Earth and Mars covering from 1959-DEC-10 to 2020-JAN-16, and ephemerides for comet Wild 2 covering from 2002-JAN-01 to 2007-APR-05, `--` ``tempel1.bsp'' containing ephemerides for comet Tempel 1 covering from 2000-JAN-01 to 2050-JAN-01, and `--` ``dss_17_prelim_itrf93_161110.bsp'' containing location data for the DSN tracking station DSS-17 covering from 1950-JAN-01 to 2050-JAN-01 it will generate the following report:
       > brief stardust.bsp tempel1.bsp dss_17_prelim_itrf93_161110.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:01:04.183            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       Bodies: MERCURY BARYCENTER (1)  SATURN BARYCENTER (6)   MERCURY (199)
               VENUS BARYCENTER (2)    URANUS BARYCENTER (7)   VENUS (299)
               EARTH BARYCENTER (3)    NEPTUNE BARYCENTER (8)  MOON (301)
               MARS BARYCENTER (4)     PLUTO BARYCENTER (9)    EARTH (399)
               JUPITER BARYCENTER (5)  SUN (10)                MARS (499)
               Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
               -----------------------------       -------------------------
               1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Body: WILD 2 (1000107)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2002 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2007 APR 05 00:00:00.000

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2000 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2050 JAN 01 00:00:00.000

       Summary for: dss_17_prelim_itrf93_161110.bsp

       Body: DSS-17 (399017)*
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             1950 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2050 JAN 01 00:00:00.000
Note that ``*'' following the DSS-17 ID indicates that its data is provided in a non-inertial frame. If BRIEF is run to generate the default summary for a binary PCK file called ``moon_pa_de418.bpc'' containing orientation data for the ``MOON_PA_DE418'' frame with the frame class ID 31004, it will generate the following summary:
       > brief moon_pa_de418.bpc

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: moon_pa_de418.bpc

       Frame: 31004
              Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
              -----------------------------       --------------------------
              1950 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2050 DEC 31 00:00:00.000
Top ## Options Controlling Output Summary Format While the default summary format is adequate in many cases, it starts looking rather cumbersome when many files need to be summarized in one run, or when the file(s) to be summarized contain data for many bodies/frames with varying coverages. Moreover, the default file format does not include one additional summary item that BRIEF is capable of displaying -- centers-of-motion/relative-to-frames for the bodies/frames covered by the file(s). To alter the format and the order of records in the displayed summary BRIEF provides a number of options described in this section. Top ### Displaying Centers-of-Motion/Relative-to-Frames (``-c'') The ``-c'' option tells BRIEF to display bodies/frames in the format that shows their centers-of-motion (for SPKs) or relative-to-frames (for binary PCKs), as seen in this example for an SPK file:
       > brief -c stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: SDU (-29) w.r.t. SUN (10)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:01:04.183            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       Bodies: MERCURY BARYCENTER (1) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               VENUS BARYCENTER (2) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               EARTH BARYCENTER (3) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               MARS BARYCENTER (4) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               JUPITER BARYCENTER (5) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               SATURN BARYCENTER (6) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               URANUS BARYCENTER (7) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               NEPTUNE BARYCENTER (8) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               PLUTO BARYCENTER (9) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               SUN (10) w.r.t. SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER (0)
               MERCURY (199) w.r.t. MERCURY BARYCENTER (1)
               VENUS (299) w.r.t. VENUS BARYCENTER (2)
               MOON (301) w.r.t. EARTH BARYCENTER (3)
               EARTH (399) w.r.t. EARTH BARYCENTER (3)
               MARS (499) w.r.t. MARS BARYCENTER (4)
               Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
               -----------------------------       -------------------------
               1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Body: WILD 2 (1000107) w.r.t. SUN (10)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2002 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2007 APR 05 00:00:00.000
When ``-c'' is used each distinct body and center-of-motion, or frame and relative-to-frame, combination present in the file segments is treated as a separate entity for the purpose of summarizing coverage. Knowing the centers-of-motion is usually needed to find out whether an SPK file, or a set of SPK files, contains data for all objects required to compute position of one body of interest with respect to another body of interest. The ``-c'' option changes the default format for bodes/frames from ``NAIF (ID)'' to ``NAME (ID) w.r.t. NAME (ID)''. Top ### Treating All Files as a Single File (``-a'') The ``-a'' option tells BRIEF to display combined summary for all files as if all data from these files were merged into a single file, as seen in this example:
       > brief -a stardust.bsp tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for all files.

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:01:04.183            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       Bodies: MERCURY BARYCENTER (1)  SATURN BARYCENTER (6)   MERCURY (199)
               VENUS BARYCENTER (2)    URANUS BARYCENTER (7)   VENUS (299)
               EARTH BARYCENTER (3)    NEPTUNE BARYCENTER (8)  MOON (301)
               MARS BARYCENTER (4)     PLUTO BARYCENTER (9)    EARTH (399)
               JUPITER BARYCENTER (5)  SUN (10)                MARS (499)
               Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
               -----------------------------       -------------------------
               1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2000 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2050 JAN 01 00:00:00.000

       Body: WILD 2 (1000107)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2002 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2007 APR 05 00:00:00.000
When ``-a'' is used the output display includes the ``Summary for all files'' heading to indicate that the displayed summary is for all files. Top ### Display Summary in a Tabular Format (``-t'') The ``-t'' option tells BRIEF to use a tabular display format in which all coverage information for each file is presented in a single table with bodies/frames provided in the left column rather than in the table header, as seen in this example:
       > brief -t stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Bodies                Start of Interval (ET)          End of Interval
       -------               -----------------------------   ---------------
       -29 SDU               2003 DEC 01 00:01:04.183        2004 JAN 10 01:
       1 MERCURY BARYCENTER  1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000        2020 JAN 16 00:
       2 VENUS BARYCENTER                Same coverage as previous object
       3 EARTH BARYCENTER                Same coverage as previous object
       4 MARS BARYCENTER                 Same coverage as previous object
       5 JUPITER BARYCENTER              Same coverage as previous object
       6 SATURN BARYCENTER               Same coverage as previous object
       7 URANUS BARYCENTER               Same coverage as previous object
       8 NEPTUNE BARYCENTER              Same coverage as previous object
       9 PLUTO BARYCENTER                Same coverage as previous object
       10 SUN                            Same coverage as previous object
       199 MERCURY                       Same coverage as previous object
       299 VENUS                         Same coverage as previous object
       301 MOON                          Same coverage as previous object
       399 EARTH                         Same coverage as previous object
       499 MARS                          Same coverage as previous object
       1000107 WILD 2        2002 JAN 01 00:00:00.000        2007 APR 05 00:
The records in the table are ordered by body/frame numeric ID and bodies/frames are shown in ``ID NAME'' format. The ``Same coverage as previous object'' string is shown for any body/frame that has the same coverage as the body/frame immediately above it. Top ### Displaying Tabular Summary Sorted by Start Time (``-s'') The ``-s'' option tells BRIEF to re-order records in the tables of the tabular output in such way that the records for a particular body or frame are grouped together and sorted by the start time within each group. This option is particularly useful for the output including the centers-of-motion (for SPKs) or relative-to-frames (for binary PCKs) because it shows in chronological order when/if a body switches its center-of-motion or a frame switches its relative-to-frame. This option supersedes ``-g'' and has no effect without ``-t''. In this example ``-s'' is used to produce a summary of the CASSINI inner cruise SPK file, which provides CASSINI spacecraft trajectory relative to different centers-of-motion during different time intervals:
       > brief -c -t -s cas_inner_cruise.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 4.0.0, September 8, 2010 -- Toolkit Version N0064

       Summary for: cas_inner_cruise.bsp

       Bodies                                 Start of Interval (ET)    End
       -------                                ------------------------  ----
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 10 SUN              1997 NOV 15 00:00:00.000  1998
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 2 VENUS BARYCENTER  1998 APR 25 10:37:10.235  1998
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 10 SUN              1998 APR 27 16:54:58.844  1999
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 2 VENUS BARYCENTER  1999 JUN 24 02:37:43.459  1999
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 10 SUN              1999 JUN 25 14:24:23.301  1999
                                              1999 JUL 06 16:01:04.183  1999
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 399 EARTH           1999 AUG 17 11:38:55.368  1999
       -82 CASSINI w.r.t. 10 SUN              1999 AUG 18 19:20:02.623  1999
Top ### Displaying Tabular Summary Grouped by Coverage (``-g'') The ``-g'' option tells BRIEF to re-order records in the tables of the tabular output such that all records with the same coverage are grouped together. This option has no effect without ``-t''. No example for ``-g'' is provided in this section because if it were used to summarize ``stardust.bsp'' it would produce the same output as ``-t'' by itself, in which, by chance, records are already grouped by coverage. Top ### Displaying Bodies/Frames Using Only Numeric IDs (``-n'') The ``-n'' option tells BRIEF to display bodies/frames using numeric IDs (``ID'') rather than the default name/ID combinations (``NAME (ID)''), as seen in this example:
       > brief -n stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: -29
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:01:04.183            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       Bodies: 1       3       5       7       9       199     301     499
               2       4       6       8       10      299     399
               Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
               -----------------------------       -------------------------
               1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Body: 1000107
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2002 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2007 APR 05 00:00:00.000
Top ### Displaying Summary Ordered by Body/Frame Name (``-o'') The ``-o'' option tells BRIEF to order bodies/frames in the table headers in the default display, or in the left columns in the tabular display, by name rather than by numeric ID, as seen in this example:
       > brief -o stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Bodies: EARTH (399)             MERCURY (199)           SATURN BARYCE
               EARTH BARYCENTER (3)    MERCURY BARYCENTER (1)  SUN (10)
               JUPITER BARYCENTER (5)  MOON (301)              URANUS BARYCE
               MARS (499)              NEPTUNE BARYCENTER (8)  VENUS (299)
               MARS BARYCENTER (4)     PLUTO BARYCENTER (9)    VENUS BARYCEN
               Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
               -----------------------------       -------------------------
               1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:01:04.183            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       Body: WILD 2 (1000107)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2002 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2007 APR 05 00:00:00.000
For the default format ``-o'' also changes the order in which the tables are displayed by ordering them by the name of the first body/frame appearing in the table headers. Top ### Specifying Multiple Options Controlling Output Format When ``-c'', ``-a'', ``-t'', ``-o'', ``-n'', ``-g'', and ``-s'' are provided together their effects are combined, resulting in a large variety of display formats (see ``Appendix 1: Matrix of Output Formats''). They can be provided in any combination and, in general, don't depend on each other, except in these cases: `--` ``-o'' is ignored when ``-n'' is specified, `--` ``-g'' has effect only when provided together with ``-t'' `--` ``-s'' has effect only when provided together with ``-t'' `--` ``-s'' supersedes ``-g'' `--` ``-g'' regroups tabular display tables already ordered by name (``-o'') or by numeric ID (no ``-o'') `--` ``-s'' re-sorts tabular display tables already ordered by name (``-o'') or by numeric ID (no ``-o'') Top ## Options Controlling Output Time Format By default, BRIEF displays coverage time tags as calendar ET in the ``YYYY MON DD HR:MN:SC.DDD'' format. This section describes options that change this behavior. The first category of options affecting displayed time tags are the options that tell BRIEF to display time tags in a different time system and/or format. These options are ``-etsec'', ``-utc'', and ``-utcdoy''. The second category of options affecting displayed time tags are the options that tell BRIEF to round the default calendar ET time tags inwards. These options are ``-sec'', ``-min'', ``-hour'', and ``-day''. The ``rounding inwards'' performed by these options adjusts both ends of a coverage interval toward the even second, minute, hour, or day boundary nearest to the interval center. For example, the interval ``2007 JAN 12 12:05:06.333 .. 2007 JAN 13 22:45:23.765'' rounded inward to hour becomes ``2007 JAN 12 13:00:00.000 .. 2007 JAN 13 22:00:00.000''. Top ### Displaying Times as ET Seconds Past J2000 (``-etsec'') The ``-etsec'' option tells BRIEF to display time tags as ET seconds past J2000 in the ``SSSSSSSSSSSS.DDDDDD'' format, as seen in this example:
       > brief -etsec tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
                        -43200.000000                   1577880000.000000
Top ### Displaying Times in UTC Calendar Date Format (``-utc'') The ``-utc'' option tells BRIEF to display time tags as UTC in the ``YYYY-MON-DD HR:MN:SC.DDD'' format, as seen in this example:
       > brief -utc naif0008.tls tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (UTC)             End of Interval (UTC)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             1999-DEC-31 23:58:55.816            2049-DEC-31 23:58:54.816
An LSK file must be provided to BRIEF in order to display times tags in this format because LSK data are required to convert ET times stored in binary SPK and PCK files to UTC. An LSK file may be provided on the command line, in a list file (specified with the option ``-f'' described later in this document), or in a meta-kernel file given on the command line or in the list file. Top ### Display Times in UTC Day-of-Year Format (``-utcdoy'') The ``-utcdoy'' option tells BRIEF to display time tags as UTC times in the ``YYYY-DOY // HR:MN:SC.DDD'' format, as seen in this example:
       > brief -utcdoy naif0008.tls tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (UTC)             End of Interval (UTC)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             1999-365 // 23:58:55.816            2049-365 // 23:58:54.816
An LSK file must be provided to BRIEF in order to display times tags in this format because LSK data are required to convert ET times stored in binary SPK and PCK files to UTC for output. An LSK file may be provided on the command line, in a list file (specified with the option ``-f'' described later in this document), or in a meta-kernel file given on the command line or in the list file. Top ### Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Second (``-sec'') The ``-sec'' option tells BRIEF to display default calendar ET time tags ``rounded inward'' to the nearest second, as seen in this example:
       > brief -sec stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:01:05.000            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       ...
When this option is applied to a coverage window shorter than one second it produces a singleton interval with the interval's begin time equal to its end time. When such a short interval spans a second boundary, the times are set to the time of that boundary. When such a short interval does not span a second boundary, the times are set to the un-rounded end time of the interval. Top ### Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Minute (``-min'') The ``-min'' option tells BRIEF to display default calendar ET time tags ``rounded inward'' to the nearest minute, as seen in this example:
       > brief -min stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 00:02:00.000            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       ...
When this option is applied to a coverage window shorter than one minute it produces a singleton interval with the interval's begin time equal to its end time. When such a short interval spans a minute boundary, the times are set to the time of that boundary. When such a short interval does not span a minute boundary, the times are set to the un-rounded end time of the interval. Top ### Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Hour (``-hour'') The ``-hour'' option tells BRIEF to display default calendar ET time tags ``rounded inward'' to the nearest hour, as seen in this example:
       > brief -hour stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 01 01:00:00.000            2004 JAN 10 01:00:00.000

       ...
When this option is applied to a coverage window shorter than one hour it produces a singleton interval with the interval's begin time equal to its end time. When such a short interval spans ah hour boundary, the times are set to the time of that boundary. When such a short interval does not span an hour boundary, the times are set to the un-rounded end time of the interval. Top ### Display Times ``Rounded Inward'' to Day (``-day'') The ``-day'' option tells BRIEF to display default calendar ET time tags ``rounded inward'' to the nearest day, as seen in this example:
       > brief -day stardust.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: SDU (-29)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2003 DEC 02 00:00:00.000            2004 JAN 10 00:00:00.000

       ...
When this option is applied to a coverage window shorter than one day it produces a singleton interval with the interval's begin time equal to its end time. When such a short interval spans a day boundary, the times are set to the time of that boundary. When such a short interval does not span a day boundary, the times are set to the un-rounded end time of the interval. Top ### Specifying Multiple Options Controlling Time Format If more than one of the ``-etsec'', ``-utc'', ``-utcdoy'' options is specified, the one provided last on the command line takes precedence. If more than one of the ``-sec'', ``-min'', ``-hour'', and ``-day'' options is specified, the one providing the ``highest'' time resolution takes precedence, e.g. when ``-min'' and ``-day'' are specified the times are rounded to minute independently of the placement of these options on the command line. The ``rounding'' options ``-sec'', ``-min'', ``-hour'', and ``-day'' have no effect when time tags are displayed in a format other than calendar ET, i.e. when either of the ``-etsec'', ``-utc'', or ``-utcdoy'' options is specified. Top ## Options Filtering Summary In some cases rather than displaying the full summary of data from a single binary SPK or PCK file, or a set of binary SPK or PCK files, it is more desirable to check if the file or files contain data for a specified body/frame or at a specified epoch. To filter summary information based on such criteria BRIEF provides a number of options described in this section. Top ### Filtering for a Specified Body/Frame (``-sb[bod]'' or ``-[bod]'') The ``-sb'' option followed by a body/frame name or numeric ID ``bod'' tells BRIEF to display summary information only for the specified body/frame. While ``sb'' can be omitted from the option key permitting one to use just ``-'' followed by the body/frame name or numeric ID, including ``-sb'' is the preferred method as it is slightly more clear. In this example ``-sb'' is used to display data for only the Earth:
       > brief -sbEARTH stardust.bsp tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Body: EARTH (399)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       There is no data:
         for body 'EARTH'
The body/frame name or numeric ID must immediately follow ``-sb'', i.e. ``-sbEARTH'', ``-sb-29'', or ``-sb301'' not ``-sb EARTH'', ``-sb -29'', or ``-sb 301''. If the body/frame name contains spaces, these spaces must be replaced with underscores (``_''), i.g. ``-sbMERCURY_BARYCENTER'' must be used instead of ``-sbMERCURY BARYCENTER''. A range of numeric IDs in the form ``-sb[min:max]'' may be used instead of a single name or numeric ID. For example, ``-sb[500:598]'' may be used to see if a given SPK file contain data for any satellites of Jupiter. The range can be open on either end, producing a summary for all numeric IDs greater than the specified value (``-sb[min:]'') or less than the specified value (``-sb[:max]''). For example, ``-sb[11:]'' may be used to see if a given SPK file(s) contains data for any natural bodies while ``-sb[:-1]'' may be used to see if a given SPK file(s) contains data for any spacecraft. In some Unix shells the options providing ranges must be quoted with single or double quotes to avoid errors from parsing ``['' and ``]'' as special shell characters. When a file does not contain any data for the specified body/frame name, numeric ID, or range of numeric IDs, BRIEF displays the ``There is no data: ...'' message instead of the summary table as seen in the example above. Top ### Filtering for a Specified Center/Relative-to-Frame (``-sc[cen]'') The ``-sc'' option followed by a body/frame name or numeric ID ``cen'' tells BRIEF to display summary information only for the specified center-of-motion/relative-to-frame. In this example ``-sc'' is used to display data only for the bodies that have ephemeris data with respect to the Solar System Barycenter:
       > brief -sc0 stardust.bsp tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       Bodies: MERCURY BARYCENTER (1)  JUPITER BARYCENTER (5)  PLUTO BARYCEN
               VENUS BARYCENTER (2)    SATURN BARYCENTER (6)   SUN (10)
               EARTH BARYCENTER (3)    URANUS BARYCENTER (7)
               MARS BARYCENTER (4)     NEPTUNE BARYCENTER (8)
               Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
               -----------------------------       -------------------------
               1959 DEC 10 00:00:00.000            2020 JAN 16 00:00:00.000

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       There is no data:
         w.r.t. center 'SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER'
All formatting rules for the ``-sb'' option described in the previous section apply to the ``-sc'' option. Top ### Filtering for a Specified Epoch (``-at [time]'') The ``-at'' option followed by a calendar ET time ``time'' tells BRIEF to display summary information only for the bodies/frames whose coverage intervals contains the specified time. In this example ``-at'' is used to display data only for the bodies that have coverage at ``2030-JAN-01 12:00'' ET:
       > brief -at 2030-JAN-01/12:00 stardust.bsp tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       There is no data:
         covering ET '2030 JAN 01 12:00:00.000'

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2000 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2050 JAN 01 00:00:00.000
The time specified after ``-at'' must be separated from ``-at'' by one or more spaces, i.e. ``-at TIME'' not ``-atTIME''. The time can be provided in any format supported by SPICE's TPARSE routine (see TIME.REQ) as long as it doesn't contain spaces. A few of the acceptable time formats are ``YYYY-MM-DD/HR:MN:SC.DDD'', ``YYYY-DOY/HR:MN:SC.DDD'', and ``JDNNNNNNNNN.DDDDDD''. When a file does not contain any data for the specified time BRIEF displays the ``There is no data: ...'' message instead of the summary table as seen in the example above. Top ### Filtering for a Specified Interval (``-from [beg]'' and ``-to [end]'') The options ``-from'' and ``-to'' followed by calendar ET times ``beg'' and ``end'' tell BRIEF to display summary information only for the bodies/frames whose coverages contain the specified time interval. In this example ``-from'' and ``-to'' are used to display data only for the bodies with coverage that contains the interval from ``2025-01-01 ET'' to ``2025-02-01 ET''
       > brief -from 2025-01-01 -to 2025-02-01 stardust.bsp tempel1.bsp

       BRIEF -- Version 3.0.0, January 14, 2008 -- Toolkit Version N0062

       Summary for: stardust.bsp

       There is no data:
         covering from ET '2025 JAN 01 00:00:00.000' to ET '2025 FEB 01 00:

       Summary for: tempel1.bsp

       Body: TEMPEL 1 (1000093)
             Start of Interval (ET)              End of Interval (ET)
             -----------------------------       ---------------------------
             2000 JAN 01 00:00:00.000            2050 JAN 01 00:00:00.000
All formatting rules for the ``-at'' option described in the previous section apply to the ``-from'' and ``-at'' options. If either ``-from'' or ``-to'' is specified by itself it has the same effect as the ``-at'' option. Top ### Specifying Multiple Filtering Options Up to 100 individual ``-sb'', ``-'', and ``-sc'' constraints can be specified at the same time. BRIEF combines them using logical ``OR'' and displays a summary for all bodies/frames and centers-of-motion/relative-to-frames specified by these constraints. ``-at'' specified together with ``-from''/``-to'' overrides them. When multiple ``-at'', ``-from'', or ``-to'' are provided, for each of them the one provided last on the command line takes precedence. If the time provided with ``-from'' is later than the time provided with ``-to'' BRIEF re-orders them internally. Constraints from body/frame and time groups can be provided at the same time. BRIEF combines them using logical ``AND'' and displays summary for the specified bodies/frames only if they have coverage at the specified time or time interval. Top ## Miscellaneous Options BRIEF also provides a number of miscellaneous options; they are described in this section. Top ### Summarizing Kernels Listed in a File (``-f [list]'') The ``-f'' option tells BRIEF to display a summary for the files whose names are listed in the text file ``list''. For example, when a text file named ``spk_list.txt'' with the following contents
       stardust.bsp
       tempel1.bsp
is provided to BRIEF using this option, the program displays a summary for these two SPKs as if they were provided on the command line. This option is useful when there is a need to produce a summary for a large number of files whose names, if put all together on the command line, may overflow either the terminal shell buffer or BRIEF's command line buffer. In such cases a simple listing of these files can be made and provided to BRIEF using the ``-f'' option. The list file name specified after ``-f'' must be separated from ``-f'' by one or more spaces, i.e. ``-f FILE'' not ``-fFILE''. The list file must include only the names of binary SPK files and text kernels or the names of binary PCK files and text kernels. The file names can be provided one-per-line or a few-per-line separated by one or more spaces. The file may include blank lines. All lines in the list file, including the last line, must be terminated with the line terminators native to the computer platform on which the program is run. When a list file is provided to the program, additional files to be summarized can still be listed on the command line. Top ### Displaying Help and Version (``-h'' and ``-v'') When run with a blank command line BRIEF displays a short usage message listing only the most useful options. The ``-h'' option tells BRIEF to display a more complete usage message listing all options. This display is similar to the text provided in the ``Usage'' section of this document. When ``-h'' is specified, BRIEF ignores any other options and/or file names specified on the command line. The ``-v'' option tells BRIEF to display just the version line that is normally displayed at the top of every summary produced by the program. When this option is specified, BRIEF ignores any other options, including ``-h'', and/or file names specified on the command line. Top ## Troubleshooting In most cases of incorrect usage BRIEF displays an error message or an information message indicating what went wrong. The exceptions are cases of the command line buffer overflow and coverage data buffer overflow. The BRIEF command line buffer can hold up to 25,000 characters. If the command line is longer than 25,000 characters it gets truncated. The truncation most frequently happens in the middle of a file name resulting in the ``SPICE(FILENOTFOUND)'' error being signaled. To fix this situation the number of files provided on the command line should be reduced, or a list file listing all required files should be created and provided with the ``-f'' option. When BRIEF coverage information buffers overflow due to too many bodies/frames present in a file, or too many intervals for a body/frame, or too many intervals for all bodies/frames, BRIEF displays the ``SPICE(WINDOWEXCESS)'', ``SPICE(NAMETABLEFULL)'', or ``SPICE(VALUETABLEFULL)'' error. If this happens when the program is run with a single file, the user must contact NAIF because the situation cannot be fixed by the user. Top ## Appendix 1: Matrix of Output Formats This table lists the output format variations for all combinations of the ``-t'', ``-n'', ``-c'' and ``-o'' options. When ``-a'' is not specified these formats are used for each summarized file; when ``-a'' is specified these formats are used for the combined summary. The time format options ``-utc'', ``-utcdoy'', and ``-etsec'' and the time rounding options ``-sec'', ``-min'', ``-hour'', and ``-day'' affect only the time tags included in the summary reports, not any other aspect of the report formats.
       ------------------------------------------------------------
       Options     | Output Format
       ------------------------------------------------------------
       -t -n -c -o | body/frame format, location, N of tables,
                   | ordering
       ------------------------------------------------------------
                   |
       Y  .  .  .  | ``ID NAME'', left column, one table, ordered
                   | by ID
                   |
       Y  Y  .  .  | ``ID'', left column, one table, ordered by ID
                   |
       Y  Y  Y  .  | ``ID w.r.t ID'', left column, one table,
                   | ordered by ID
                   |
       Y  Y  Y  Y  | same as -t/-n/-c NO -o
                   |
       Y  Y  .  Y  | same as -t/-n NO -c/-o
                   |
       Y  .  Y  .  | ``ID NAME w.r.t. ID NAME'', left column, one
                   | table, ordered by ID
                   |
       Y  .  Y  Y  | ``NAME (ID) w.r.t. NAME (ID)'', in left
                   | column, one table, ordered by name
                   |
       Y  .  .  Y  | ``NAME (ID)'', left column, one table,
                   | ordered by name
                   |
       .  Y  .  .  | ``ID'', table header, multiple tables
                   | with the same coverage ordered by ID,
                   | within table headers bodies/frames ordered
                   | by ID
                   |
       .  Y  Y  .  | ``ID w.r.t ID'', table header, multiple
                   | tables with the same coverage ordered by
                   | ID, within table headers bodies/frames
                   | ordered by ID
                   |
       .  Y  Y  Y  | same as -n/-c NO -t/-o
                   |
       .  Y  .  Y  | same as -n NO -t/-c/-o
                   |
       .  .  Y  .  | ``NAME (ID) w.r.t. NAME (ID)'', table
                   | header, multiple tables with the same
                   | coverage ordered by name, within table
                   | headers bodies/frames ordered by name
                   |
       .  .  Y  Y  | ``NAME (ID) w.r.t. NAME (ID)'', in table
                   | header, multiple tables with the same
                   | coverage ordered name, within table headers
                   | bodies ordered by name
                   |
       .  .  .  Y  | ``NAME (ID)'', table header, multiple
                   | tables with the same coverage ordered
                   | by name, within table headers
                   | bodies/frames ordered name
                   |
       .  .  .  .  | ``NAME (ID)'', table header, multiple
                   | tables with the same coverage ordered
                   | by ID, within table headers
                   | bodies/frames ordered by ID
       ------------------------------------------------------------