Top level module for Sequel
There are some module methods that are added via metaprogramming, one for each supported adapter. For example:
DB = Sequel.sqlite # Memory database
DB = Sequel.sqlite('blog.db')
DB = Sequel.postgres('database_name', :user=>'user',
:password=>'password', :host=>'host', :port=>5432,
:max_connections=>10)
If a block is given to these methods, it is passed the opened Database object, which is closed (disconnected) when the block exits, just like a block passed to connect. For example:
Sequel.sqlite('blog.db'){|db| puts db[:users].count}
Sequel currently adds methods to the Array, Hash, String and Symbol classes by default. You can either require ‘sequel/no_core_ext’ or set the SEQUEL_NO_CORE_EXTENSIONS constant or environment variable before requiring sequel to have Sequel not add methods to those classes.
For a more expanded introduction, see the README. For a quicker introduction, see the cheat sheet.
| SQLITE_TYPES | = | {} | Hash with string keys and callable values for converting SQLite types. | |
| MYSQL_TYPES | = | {} | Hash with integer keys and callable values for converting MySQL types. | |
| STRING_TYPES | = | [18, 19, 25, 1042, 1043] | Type OIDs for string types used by PostgreSQL. These types don‘t have conversion procs associated with them (since the data is already in the form of a string). | |
| PG_NAMED_TYPES | = | {} unless defined?(PG_NAMED_TYPES) | Hash with type name strings/symbols and callable values for converting PostgreSQL types. Non-builtin types that don‘t have fixed numbers should use this to register conversion procs. | |
| PG_TYPES | = | {} unless defined?(PG_TYPES) | Hash with integer keys and callable values for converting PostgreSQL types. | |
| ADAPTER_MAP | = | {} | Hash of adapters that have been used. The key is the adapter scheme symbol, and the value is the Database subclass. | |
| DATABASES | = | [] | Array of all databases to which Sequel has connected. If you are developing an application that can connect to an arbitrary number of databases, delete the database objects from this or they will not get garbage collected. | |
| DEFAULT_INFLECTIONS_PROC | = | proc do plural(/$/, 's') | Proc that is instance evaled to create the default inflections for both the model inflector and the inflector extension. | |
| BeforeHookFailed | = | HookFailed | Deprecated alias for HookFailed, kept for backwards compatibility | |
| MAJOR | = | 3 | The major version of Sequel. Only bumped for major changes. | |
| MINOR | = | 48 | The minor version of Sequel. Bumped for every non-patch level release, generally around once a month. | |
| TINY | = | 0 | The tiny version of Sequel. Usually 0, only bumped for bugfix releases that fix regressions from previous versions. | |
| VERSION | = | [MAJOR, MINOR, TINY].join('.') | The version of Sequel you are using, as a string (e.g. "2.11.0") | |
| COLUMN_REF_RE1 | = | /\A((?:(?!__).)+)__((?:(?!___).)+)___(.+)\z/.freeze | ||
| COLUMN_REF_RE2 | = | /\A((?:(?!___).)+)___(.+)\z/.freeze | ||
| COLUMN_REF_RE3 | = | /\A((?:(?!__).)+)__(.+)\z/.freeze |
| autoid | [W] |
Set the autogenerated primary key integer to be returned when running an
insert query. Argument types supported:
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| cache_anonymous_models | [RW] | Whether to cache the anonymous models created by Sequel::Model(). This is required for reloading them correctly (avoiding the superclass mismatch). True by default for backwards compatibility. | ||||||||||||
| columns | [W] |
Set the columns to set in the dataset when the dataset fetches rows.
Argument types supported:
Array of Symbols: Used for all datasets Array (otherwise): First retrieval gets the first value in the
array, second gets the second value, etc.
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| convert_invalid_date_time | [RW] |
Whether to convert invalid date time values by default.
Only applies to Sequel::Database instances created after this has been set. |
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| convert_two_digit_years | [RW] |
Sequel converts two digit years in Dates
and DateTimes by default, so 01/02/03 is interpreted at January
2nd, 2003, and 12/13/99 is interpreted as December 13, 1999. You can
override this to treat those dates as January 2nd, 0003 and December 13,
0099, respectively, by:
Sequel.convert_two_digit_years = false |
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| datetime_class | [RW] |
Sequel can use either Time or
DateTime for times returned from the database. It defaults to
Time. To change it to DateTime:
Sequel.datetime_class = DateTime For ruby versions less than 1.9.2, Time has a limited range (1901 to 2038), so if you use datetimes out of that range, you need to switch to DateTime. Also, before 1.9.2, Time can only handle local and UTC times, not other timezones. Note that Time and DateTime objects have a different API, and in cases where they implement the same methods, they often implement them differently (e.g. + using seconds on Time and days on DateTime). |
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| empty_array_handle_nulls | [R] |
Sets whether or not to attempt to handle NULL values correctly when given
an empty array. By default:
DB[:a].filter(:b=>[]) # SELECT * FROM a WHERE (b != b) DB[:a].exclude(:b=>[]) # SELECT * FROM a WHERE (b = b) However, some databases (e.g. MySQL) will perform very poorly with this type of query. You can set this to false to get the following behavior: DB[:a].filter(:b=>[]) # SELECT * FROM a WHERE 1 = 0 DB[:a].exclude(:b=>[]) # SELECT * FROM a WHERE 1 = 1 This may not handle NULLs correctly, but can be much faster on some databases. |
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| fetch | [W] |
Set the hashes to yield by execute when
retrieving rows. Argument types supported:
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| numrows | [W] |
Set the number of rows to return from update or delete. Argument types
supported:
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| server_version | [RW] | Mock the server version, useful when using the shared adapters |
Lets you create a Model subclass with its dataset already set. source should be an instance of one of the following classes:
| Database : | Sets the database for this model to source. Generally only useful when subclassing directly from the returned class, where the name of the subclass sets the table name (which is combined with the Database in source to create the dataset to use) |
| Dataset : | Sets the dataset for this model to source. |
| other : | Sets the table name for this model to source. The class will use the default database for model classes in order to create the dataset. |
The purpose of this method is to set the dataset/database automatically for a model class, if the table name doesn‘t match the implicit name. This is neater than using set_dataset inside the class, doesn‘t require a bogus query for the schema.
# Using a symbol
class Comment < Sequel::Model(:something)
table_name # => :something
end
# Using a dataset
class Comment < Sequel::Model(DB1[:something])
dataset # => DB1[:something]
end
# Using a database
class Comment < Sequel::Model(DB1)
dataset # => DB1[:comments]
end
# File lib/sequel/model.rb, line 37
37: def self.Model(source)
38: if cache_anonymous_models && (klass = Sequel.synchronize{Model::ANONYMOUS_MODEL_CLASSES[source]})
39: return klass
40: end
41: klass = if source.is_a?(Database)
42: c = Class.new(Model)
43: c.db = source
44: c
45: else
46: Class.new(Model).set_dataset(source)
47: end
48: Sequel.synchronize{Model::ANONYMOUS_MODEL_CLASSES[source] = klass} if cache_anonymous_models
49: klass
50: end
Returns true if the passed object could be a specifier of conditions, false otherwise. Currently, Sequel considers hashes and arrays of two element arrays as condition specifiers.
Sequel.condition_specifier?({}) # => true
Sequel.condition_specifier?([[1, 2]]) # => true
Sequel.condition_specifier?([]) # => false
Sequel.condition_specifier?([1]) # => false
Sequel.condition_specifier?(1) # => false
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 113
113: def self.condition_specifier?(obj)
114: case obj
115: when Hash
116: true
117: when Array
118: !obj.empty? && !obj.is_a?(SQL::ValueList) && obj.all?{|i| i.is_a?(Array) && (i.length == 2)}
119: else
120: false
121: end
122: end
Creates a new database object based on the supplied connection string and optional arguments. The specified scheme determines the database class used, and the rest of the string specifies the connection options. For example:
DB = Sequel.connect('sqlite:/') # Memory database
DB = Sequel.connect('sqlite://blog.db') # ./blog.db
DB = Sequel.connect('sqlite:///blog.db') # /blog.db
DB = Sequel.connect('postgres://user:password@host:port/database_name')
DB = Sequel.connect('sqlite:///blog.db', :max_connections=>10)
If a block is given, it is passed the opened Database object, which is closed when the block exits. For example:
Sequel.connect('sqlite://blog.db'){|db| puts db[:users].count}
For details, see the "Connecting to a Database" guide. To set up a master/slave or sharded database connection, see the "Master/Slave Databases and Sharding" guide.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 142
142: def self.connect(*args, &block)
143: Database.connect(*args, &block)
144: end
Convert the exception to the given class. The given class should be Sequel::Error or a subclass. Returns an instance of klass with the message and backtrace of exception.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 155
155: def self.convert_exception_class(exception, klass)
156: return exception if exception.is_a?(klass)
157: e = klass.new("#{exception.class}: #{exception.message}")
158: e.wrapped_exception = exception
159: e.set_backtrace(exception.backtrace)
160: e
161: end
# File lib/sequel/deprecated_core_extensions.rb, line 1 1: def Sequel.core_extensions? 2: true 3: end
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 79
79: def empty_array_handle_nulls=(v)
80: Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Sequel.empty_array_handle_nulls=', 'Please switch to loading the empty_array_ignore_nulls plugin if you wish empty array handling to ignore nulls')
81: @empty_array_handle_nulls = v
82: end
Load all Sequel extensions given. Extensions are just files that exist under sequel/extensions in the load path, and are just required. Generally, extensions modify the behavior of Database and/or Dataset, but Sequel ships with some extensions that modify other classes that exist for backwards compatibility. In some cases, requiring an extension modifies classes directly, and in others, it just loads a module that you can extend other classes with. Consult the documentation for each extension you plan on using for usage.
Sequel.extension(:schema_dumper) Sequel.extension(:pagination, :query)
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 173
173: def self.extension(*extensions)
174: extensions.each{|e| Kernel.require "sequel/extensions/#{e}"}
175: end
Set the method to call on identifiers going into the database. This affects the literalization of identifiers by calling this method on them before they are input. Sequel upcases identifiers in all SQL strings for most databases, so to turn that off:
Sequel.identifier_input_method = nil
to downcase instead:
Sequel.identifier_input_method = :downcase
Other String instance methods work as well.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 188
188: def self.identifier_input_method=(value)
189: Database.identifier_input_method = value
190: end
Set the method to call on identifiers coming out of the database. This affects the literalization of identifiers by calling this method on them when they are retrieved from the database. Sequel downcases identifiers retrieved for most databases, so to turn that off:
Sequel.identifier_output_method = nil
to upcase instead:
Sequel.identifier_output_method = :upcase
Other String instance methods work as well.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 204
204: def self.identifier_output_method=(value)
205: Database.identifier_output_method = value
206: end
Yield the Inflections module if a block is given, and return the Inflections module.
# File lib/sequel/model/inflections.rb, line 4 4: def self.inflections 5: yield Inflections if block_given? 6: Inflections 7: end
The exception classed raised if there is an error parsing JSON. This can be overridden to use an alternative json implementation.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 210
210: def self.json_parser_error_class
211: JSON::ParserError
212: end
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 91
91: def k_require(*a)
92: Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Sequel.k_require', 'Please switch to Kernel.require')
93: Kernel.require(*a)
94: end
Allowing loading the necessary JDBC support via a gem, which works for PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite.
# File lib/sequel/adapters/jdbc.rb, line 151
151: def self.load_gem(name)
152: begin
153: require "jdbc/#{name.to_s.downcase}"
154: rescue LoadError
155: # jdbc gem not used, hopefully the user has the .jar in their CLASSPATH
156: else
157: if defined?(::Jdbc) && ( ::Jdbc.const_defined?(name) rescue nil )
158: jdbc_module = ::Jdbc.const_get(name) # e.g. Jdbc::SQLite3
159: jdbc_module.load_driver if jdbc_module.respond_to?(:load_driver)
160: end
161: end
162: end
The preferred method for writing Sequel migrations, using a DSL:
Sequel.migration do
up do
create_table(:artists) do
primary_key :id
String :name
end
end
down do
drop_table(:artists)
end
end
Designed to be used with the Migrator class, part of the migration extension.
# File lib/sequel/extensions/migration.rb, line 280
280: def self.migration(&block)
281: MigrationDSL.create(&block)
282: end
Convert given object to json and return the result. This can be overridden to use an alternative json implementation.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 216
216: def self.object_to_json(obj, *args)
217: obj.to_json(*args)
218: end
Parse the string as JSON and return the result. This can be overridden to use an alternative json implementation.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 222
222: def self.parse_json(json)
223: JSON.parse(json, :create_additions=>false)
224: end
Convert each item in the array to the correct type, handling multi-dimensional arrays. For each element in the array or subarrays, call the converter, unless the value is nil.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 237
237: def self.recursive_map(array, converter)
238: array.map do |i|
239: if i.is_a?(Array)
240: recursive_map(i, converter)
241: elsif i
242: converter.call(i)
243: end
244: end
245: end
Require all given files which should be in the same or a subdirectory of this file. If a subdir is given, assume all files are in that subdir. This is used to ensure that the files loaded are from the same version of Sequel as this file.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 251
251: def self.require(files, subdir=nil)
252: Array(files).each{|f| super("#{File.dirname(__FILE__).untaint}/#{"#{subdir}/" if subdir}#{f}")}
253: end
Set whether Sequel is being used in single threaded mode. By default, Sequel uses a thread-safe connection pool, which isn‘t as fast as the single threaded connection pool, and also has some additional thread safety checks. If your program will only have one thread, and speed is a priority, you should set this to true:
Sequel.single_threaded = true
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 262
262: def self.single_threaded=(value)
263: @single_threaded = value
264: Database.single_threaded = value
265: end
Splits the symbol into three parts. Each part will either be a string or nil.
For columns, these parts are the table, column, and alias. For tables, these parts are the schema, table, and alias.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 276
276: def self.split_symbol(sym)
277: case s = sym.to_s
278: when COLUMN_REF_RE1
279: [$1, $2, $3]
280: when COLUMN_REF_RE2
281: [nil, $1, $2]
282: when COLUMN_REF_RE3
283: [$1, $2, nil]
284: else
285: [nil, s, nil]
286: end
287: end
Converts the given string into a Date object.
Sequel.string_to_date('2010-09-10') # Date.civil(2010, 09, 10)
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 292
292: def self.string_to_date(string)
293: begin
294: Date.parse(string, Sequel.convert_two_digit_years)
295: rescue => e
296: raise convert_exception_class(e, InvalidValue)
297: end
298: end
Converts the given string into a Time or DateTime object, depending on the value of Sequel.datetime_class.
Sequel.string_to_datetime('2010-09-10 10:20:30') # Time.local(2010, 09, 10, 10, 20, 30)
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 304
304: def self.string_to_datetime(string)
305: begin
306: if datetime_class == DateTime
307: DateTime.parse(string, convert_two_digit_years)
308: else
309: datetime_class.parse(string)
310: end
311: rescue => e
312: raise convert_exception_class(e, InvalidValue)
313: end
314: end
Converts the given string into a Sequel::SQLTime object.
v = Sequel.string_to_time('10:20:30') # Sequel::SQLTime.parse('10:20:30')
DB.literal(v) # => '10:20:30'
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 320
320: def self.string_to_time(string)
321: begin
322: SQLTime.parse(string)
323: rescue => e
324: raise convert_exception_class(e, InvalidValue)
325: end
326: end
Yield directly to the block. You don‘t need to synchronize access on MRI because the GVL makes certain methods atomic.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 343
343: def self.synchronize
344: yield
345: end
Unless in single threaded mode, protects access to any mutable global data structure in Sequel. Uses a non-reentrant mutex, so calling code should be careful.
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 336
336: def self.synchronize(&block)
337: @single_threaded ? yield : @data_mutex.synchronize(&block)
338: end
Uses a transaction on all given databases with the given options. This:
Sequel.transaction([DB1, DB2, DB3]){...}
is equivalent to:
DB1.transaction do
DB2.transaction do
DB3.transaction do
...
end
end
end
except that if Sequel::Rollback is raised by the block, the transaction is rolled back on all databases instead of just the last one.
Note that this method cannot guarantee that all databases will commit or rollback. For example, if DB3 commits but attempting to commit on DB2 fails (maybe because foreign key checks are deferred), there is no way to uncommit the changes on DB3. For that kind of support, you need to have two-phase commit/prepared transactions (which Sequel supports on some databases).
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 371
371: def self.transaction(dbs, opts={}, &block)
372: unless opts[:rollback]
373: rescue_rollback = true
374: opts = opts.merge(:rollback=>:reraise)
375: end
376: pr = dbs.reverse.inject(block){|bl, db| proc{db.transaction(opts, &bl)}}
377: if rescue_rollback
378: begin
379: pr.call
380: rescue Sequel::Rollback
381: nil
382: end
383: else
384: pr.call
385: end
386: end
REMOVE40
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 389
389: def self.ts_require(*args)
390: Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Sequel.ts_require', 'Please switch to Sequel.require')
391: require(*args)
392: end
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 393
393: def self.tsk_require(*args)
394: Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Sequel.tsk_require', 'Please switch to Kernel.require')
395: Kernel.require(*args)
396: end
If the supplied block takes a single argument, yield an SQL::VirtualRow instance to the block argument. Otherwise, evaluate the block in the context of a SQL::VirtualRow instance.
Sequel.virtual_row{a} # Sequel::SQL::Identifier.new(:a)
Sequel.virtual_row{|o| o.a{}} # Sequel::SQL::Function.new(:a)
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 405
405: def self.virtual_row(&block)
406: vr = VIRTUAL_ROW
407: case block.arity
408: when -1, 0
409: vr.instance_exec(&block)
410: else
411: block.call(vr)
412: end
413: end
REMOVE40
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 85
85: def virtual_row_instance_eval
86: Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Sequel.virtual_row_instance_eval', 'It has no effect, so you can safely stop calling it.')
87: end
# File lib/sequel/core.rb, line 88
88: def virtual_row_instance_eval=(v)
89: Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Sequel.virtual_row_instance_eval=', 'It has no effect, so you can safely stop calling it.')
90: end
Return a related Connection option connecting to the given shard.
# File lib/sequel/adapters/mock.rb, line 135
135: def connect(server)
136: Connection.new(self, server, server_opts(server))
137: end
Store the sql used for later retrieval with sqls, and return the appropriate value using either the autoid, fetch, or numrows methods.
# File lib/sequel/adapters/mock.rb, line 145
145: def execute(sql, opts={}, &block)
146: synchronize(opts[:server]){|c| _execute(c, sql, opts, &block)}
147: end
Store the sql used, and return the value of the numrows method.
# File lib/sequel/adapters/mock.rb, line 151
151: def execute_dui(sql, opts={})
152: execute(sql, opts.merge(:meth=>:numrows))
153: end
Store the sql used, and return the value of the autoid method.
# File lib/sequel/adapters/mock.rb, line 156
156: def execute_insert(sql, opts={})
157: execute(sql, opts.merge(:meth=>:autoid))
158: end