Overview

Since version 0.24.0 SUMO includes a model for electric vehicles. It was implemented by Tamás Kurczveil and Pablo Alvárez López from the TU-Braunschweig. The core of the model is implemented in the vehicle device device.battery. Additional features are a charging station (which can be placed on any lane in the network) and a new output option --battery-output <FILE>.

You can find a test case for these implementations at [1]

Defining Electric Vehicles

To define an electric vehicle, it must be equipped with a battery device. This may be done using the option --device.battery.explicit <vehID1,vehID2,...> or simply setting --device.battery.probability 1 to equip all vehicles. Alternatively, the device may be specified using Generic vehicle parameters.

Additional properties of the vehicle and its electrical components must then be defined via parameters of the vehicle or its type.

These values have the following meanings:

An example of a vehicle with electric attribute:

<routes>
   <vType id="ElectricBus" accel="1.0" decel="1.0" lenght="12" maxSpeed="100.0" sigma="0.0" minGap="2.5" color="1,1,1">
      <param key="maximumBatteryCapacity" value="2000"/>
      <param key="vehicleMass" value="10000"/>
      <param key="frontSurfaceArea" value="5"/>
      <param key="airDragCoefficient" value="0.6"/>
      <param key="internalMomentOfInertia" value="0.01"/>
      <param key="radialDragCoefficient" value="0.5"/>
      <param key="rollDragCoefficient" value="0.01"/>
      <param key="constantPowerIntake" value="100"/>
      <param key="propulsionEfficiency" value="0.9"/>
      <param key="recuperationEfficiency" value="0.9"/> 
   </vType>
</routes>

The initial energy content of the battery (by default MaxBatKap/2) can be set in the vehicle definitions

<routes>
   <vehicle id="0" type="type1" depart="0" color="1,0,0">
      <param key="actualBatteryCapacity" value="500"/>
   </vehicle>
</routes>

Charging Stations

A charging station is a surface defined over an lane in which the vehicles equipped with a battery are charged. The basic structure and parameters of bus stops was used for the implementation of charging stations.

Charging stations are defined in additional using the following format:

<additional>
   <chargingStation chargeDelay="2" chargeInTransit="0" chrgpower="200000" efficiency="0.95" endPos="25" id="cS_2to19_0a" lane="2to19_0" startPos="10"/>
</additional>

And are represented in the simulation as follows:

• 

  Representation of hargingStation in GUI

• 

  Color of chargingStation during charge

Stopping at a Charging Station

A stop at a charging station may either occur due to traffic condtions, stopping at a defined location or stopping at an explicit chargingStation as defined below:

<routes>
    <vehicle id="v0" route="route0" depart="0">
        <stop chargingStation="myChargingStationID" until="50"/>
    </vehicle>
</routes>

battery-output

There are three output parameters to be set in the SUMO configuration to use the battery device:

<configuration>
    <input>
        <net-file value="netFile.xml"/>
        <route-files value="routeFile.xml"/>
        <additional-files value="additionalFile.xml"/>
    </input>
    <output>
        <battery-output value="Battery.out.xml"/>
        <battery-output.precision value="4"/>
        <device.battery.probability value="1"/>
        <summary-output value="summary_100.xml"/>
    </output>
</configuration>

battery-output generates a file with this structure:

<battery-export>
    <timestep time="0.00">
        <vehicle id="vehicle01" Consum="0.00" actualBatteryCapacity="17500.00" maximumBatteryCapacity="35000.00" 
            chargingStationId="NULL" energyCharge="0.00" energyChargedInTransit="0.00" energyChargedStopped="0.00" 
            speed="12.92" acceleration="0.00" x="1428.27" y="25.57" lane="01to02_0" 
            posOnLane="0.00" timeStopped="0"/>
        <vehicle id=..... */
    </timestep>
    <timestep time="1.00">
        <vehicle id=.....
    </timestep>
    <timestep time=...
    ...
    </timestep>
</battery-export>

Model Details

All information about the implemented device (including details on the vehicle energy consumption and charging model) can be found in the following publication.

Publications

• Kurczveil, T., López, P.A., Schnieder, E., Implementation of an Energy Model and a Charging Infrastructure in SUMO. In: Behrisch, M., Krajzewicz, D., Weber, M. (eds.) Simulation of Urban Mobility. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8594 , pp. 33--43. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)