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The World Factbook 2002
| San Marino |

Introduction | San Marino

Background: | The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.

Geography | San Marino

Location: | Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Geographic coordinates: | 43 46 N, 12 25 E
Map references: | Europe
Area: | total: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km land: 61.2 sq km
Area - comparative: | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: | total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Coastline: | 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: | none (landlocked)
Climate: | Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain: | rugged mountains
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Natural resources: | building stone
Land use: | arable land: 17% permanent crops: 0% other: 83% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land: | NA sq km
Natural hazards: | NA
Environment - current issues: | NA
Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Geography - note: | landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines

People | San Marino

Population: | 27,730 (July 2002 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 16.1% (male 2,300; female 2,161) 15-64 years: 67.5% (male 9,102; female 9,625) 65 years and over: 16.4% (male 1,956; female 2,586) (2002 est.)
Population growth rate: | 1.41% (2002 est.)
Birth rate: | 10.64 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Death rate: | 7.79 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Net migration rate: | 11.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Infant mortality rate: | 6.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 81.33 years female: 85.18 years (2002 est.) male: 77.79 years
Total fertility rate: | 1.3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA%
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA
Nationality: | noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Ethnic groups: | Sammarinese, Italian
Religions: | Roman Catholic
Languages: | Italian
Literacy: | definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)

Government | San Marino

Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
Government type: | independent republic
Capital: | San Marino
Administrative divisions: | 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Independence: | 3 September 301
National holiday: | Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)
Constitution: | 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Legal system: | based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Antonio Lazzaro VOLPINARI and Captain Regent Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI (for the period 1 April-31 October 2002)
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held 1 April 2002 (next to be held NA September 2002); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2006)
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are ten secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
election results: Antonio Lazzaro VOLPINARI and Giovanni Francesco UGOLINI reelected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA%
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since 26 July 1986)

Legislative branch:

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1

Judicial branch: | Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders:

Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Romeo RIORRI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]

Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA
International organization participation: | CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US: | San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit
Diplomatic representation from the US: | the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Flag description: | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Economy | San Marino

Economy - overview:

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.

GDP: | purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | 7.5% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita: | purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
Population below poverty line: | NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 3.3% (2001)
Labor force: | 18,500 (1999)
Labor force - by occupation: | services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate: | 2.6% (2001)
Budget: | revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Industries: | tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Industrial production growth rate: | 6% (1997 est.)
Electricity - production: | 0 kWh
Electricity - production by source: | fossil fuel: NA% other: NA% nuclear: NA% hydro: NA%
Electricity - consumption: | 184.5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999)
Electricity - imports: | 184.5 kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy (2000)
Agriculture - products: | wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Exports: | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities: | building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Imports: | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities: | wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Debt - external: | $NA
Economic aid - recipient: | $NA
Currency: | euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL)
Currency code: | EUR; ITL
Exchange rates: | euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997)
Fiscal year: | calendar year

Communications | San Marino

Telephones - main lines in use: | 18,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 3,010 (1998)
Telephone system: | general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network
Radio broadcast stations: | AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios: | 16,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations: | 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Televisions: | 9,000 (1997)
Internet country code: | .sm
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 2 (2000)
Internet users: | NA

Transportation | San Marino

Railways: | 0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Highways: | total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Waterways: | none
Ports and harbors: | none
Airports: | none (2001)

Military | San Marino

Military branches: | Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
Military expenditures - dollar figure: | $700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | NA%

Transnational Issues | San Marino

Disputes - international: | none

This page was last updated on 1 January 2002