# Boost.Circular_buffer C++ Reference

Includes <boost/circular_buffer/base.hpp>

Debug support control.

The type of the elements stored in the `circular_buffer`.

The allocator type used for all internal memory management.

empty_value< Alloc >
Circular buffer - a STL compliant container.

# Type Requirements T

The `T` has to be SGIAssignable (SGI STL defined combination of Assignable and CopyConstructible). Moreover `T` has to be DefaultConstructible if supplied as a default parameter when invoking some of the `circular_buffer`'s methods e.g. `insert(iterator pos, const value_type& item = value_type())`. And EqualityComparable and/or LessThanComparable if the `circular_buffer` will be compared with another container.

# Type Requirements Alloc

The `Alloc` has to meet the allocator requirements imposed by STL.

# Default Alloc

std::allocator<T>

For detailed documentation of the circular_buffer visit: http://www.boost.org/libs/circular_buffer/doc/circular_buffer.html
The type of this `circular_buffer`.
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >
The type of elements stored in the `circular_buffer`.
Alloc::value_type
A pointer to an element.
allocator_pointer< Alloc >::type
A const pointer to the element.
allocator_const_pointer< Alloc >::type
A reference to an element.
value_type &
A const reference to an element.
const value_type &
The distance type.

(A signed integral type used to represent the distance between two iterators.)

allocator_difference_type< Alloc >::type
The size type.

(An unsigned integral type that can represent any non-negative value of the container's distance type.)

allocator_size_type< Alloc >::type
The type of an allocator used in the `circular_buffer`.
Alloc
A const (random access) iterator used to iterate through the `circular_buffer`.
cb_details::iterator< `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >, cb_details::const_traits< Alloc > >
A (random access) iterator used to iterate through the `circular_buffer`.
cb_details::iterator< `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >, cb_details::nonconst_traits< Alloc > >
A const iterator used to iterate backwards through a `circular_buffer`.
std::reverse_iterator< const_iterator >
An iterator used to iterate backwards through a `circular_buffer`.
std::reverse_iterator< iterator >
An array range.

(A typedef for the `std::pair` where its first element is a pointer to a beginning of an array and its second element represents a size of the array.)

std::pair< pointer, size_type >
A range of a const array.

(A typedef for the `std::pair` where its first element is a pointer to a beginning of a const array and its second element represents a size of the const array.)

std::pair< const_pointer, size_type >
The capacity type.

(Same as `size_type` - defined for consistency with the __cbso class.

size_type
A type representing the "best" way to pass the value_type to a method.
const value_type &

A type representing rvalue from param type. On compilers without rvalue references support this type is the Boost.Moves type used for emulation.

value_type &&
allocator_type Get the allocator.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`get_allocator()` for obtaining an allocator reference.

The allocator.

`Nothing.`

allocator_type & Get the allocator reference.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

This method was added in order to optimize obtaining of the allocator with a state, although use of stateful allocators in STL is discouraged.

# See Also:

`get_allocator() const`

A reference to the allocator.

`Nothing.`

iterator Get the iterator pointing to the beginning of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`end()`, `rbegin()`, `rend()`

A random access iterator pointing to the first element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `end()`.

`Nothing.`

iterator Get the iterator pointing to the end of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`begin()`, `rbegin()`, `rend()`

A random access iterator pointing to the element "one behind" the last element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `begin()`.

`Nothing.`

const_iterator Get the const iterator pointing to the beginning of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`end() const`, `rbegin() const`, `rend() const`

A const random access iterator pointing to the first element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `end() const`.

`Nothing.`

const_iterator
const_iterator Get the const iterator pointing to the end of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`begin() const`, `rbegin() const`, `rend() const`

A const random access iterator pointing to the element "one behind" the last element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `begin() const` const.

`Nothing.`

const_iterator
reverse_iterator Get the iterator pointing to the beginning of the "reversed" `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`rend()`, `begin()`, `end()`

A reverse random access iterator pointing to the last element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `rend()`.

`Nothing.`

reverse_iterator Get the iterator pointing to the end of the "reversed" `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`rbegin()`, `begin()`, `end()`

A reverse random access iterator pointing to the element "one before" the first element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `rbegin()`.

`Nothing.`

const_reverse_iterator Get the const iterator pointing to the beginning of the "reversed" `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`rend() const`, `begin() const`, `end() const`

A const reverse random access iterator pointing to the last element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `rend() const`.

`Nothing.`

const_reverse_iterator Get the const iterator pointing to the end of the "reversed" `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`rbegin() const`, `begin() const`, `end() const`

A const reverse random access iterator pointing to the element "one before" the first element of the `circular_buffer`. If the `circular_buffer` is empty it returns an iterator equal to the one returned by `rbegin() const`.

`Nothing.`

reference `size_type

The position of the element.

` Get the element at the `index` position.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`at()`

`0 <= index && index < size()`

A reference to the element at the `index` position.

`Nothing.`

const_reference `size_type

The position of the element.

` Get the element at the `index` position.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`at() const`

`0 <= index && index < size()`

A const reference to the element at the `index` position.

`Nothing.`

reference `size_type

The position of the element.

` Get the element at the `index` position.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`operator[]`

A reference to the element at the `index` position.

`<code>std::out_of_range</code>` when the `index` is invalid (when `index >= size()`).

const_reference `size_type

The position of the element.

` Get the element at the `index` position.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`operator[] const`

A const reference to the element at the `index` position.

`<code>std::out_of_range</code>` when the `index` is invalid (when `index >= size()`).

reference Get the first element.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`back()`

`!empty()`

A reference to the first element of the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

reference Get the last element.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`front()`

`!empty()`

A reference to the last element of the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

const_reference Get the first element.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`back() const`

`!empty()`

A const reference to the first element of the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

const_reference Get the last element.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`front() const`

`!empty()`

A const reference to the last element of the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

array_range Get the first continuous array of the internal buffer.

This method in combination with `array_two()` can be useful when passing the stored data into a legacy C API as an array. Suppose there is a `circular_buffer` of capacity 10, containing 7 characters `'a', 'b', ..., 'g'` where `buff[0] == 'a'`, `buff[1] == 'b'`, ... and `buff[6] == 'g'`: `circular_buffer<char> buff(10);` The internal representation is often not linear and the state of the internal buffer may look like this: `|e|f|g| | | |a|b|c|d| end ___^ begin _______^`

where `|a|b|c|d|` represents the "array one", `|e|f|g|` represents the "array two" and `| | | |` is a free space. Now consider a typical C style function for writing data into a file: `int write(int file_desc, char* buff, int num_bytes);` There are two ways how to write the content of the `circular_buffer` into a file. Either relying on `array_one()` and `array_two()` methods and calling the write function twice: `array_range ar = buff.array_one(); write(file_desc, ar.first, ar.second); ar = buff.array_two(); write(file_desc, ar.first, ar.second);` Or relying on the `linearize()` method: `write(file_desc, buff.linearize(), buff.size());` Since the complexity of `array_one()` and `array_two()` methods is constant the first option is suitable when calling the write method is "cheap". On the other hand the second option is more suitable when calling the write method is more "expensive" than calling the `linearize()` method whose complexity is linear.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

In general invoking any method which modifies the internal state of the circular_buffer may delinearize the internal buffer and invalidate the array ranges returned by `array_one()` and `array_two()` (and their const versions).

In the case the internal buffer is linear e.g. `|a|b|c|d|e|f|g| | | |` the "array one" is represented by `|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|` and the "array two" does not exist (the `array_two()` method returns an array with the size `0`).

# See Also:

`array_two()`, `linearize()`

The array range of the first continuous array of the internal buffer. In the case the `circular_buffer` is empty the size of the returned array is `0`.

`Nothing.`

array_range Get the second continuous array of the internal buffer.

This method in combination with `array_one()` can be useful when passing the stored data into a legacy C API as an array.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`array_one()`

The array range of the second continuous array of the internal buffer. In the case the internal buffer is linear or the `circular_buffer` is empty the size of the returned array is `0`.

`Nothing.`

const_array_range Get the first continuous array of the internal buffer.

This method in combination with `array_two() const` can be useful when passing the stored data into a legacy C API as an array.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`array_two() const`; `array_one()` for more details how to pass data into a legacy C API.

The array range of the first continuous array of the internal buffer. In the case the `circular_buffer` is empty the size of the returned array is `0`.

`Nothing.`

const_array_range Get the second continuous array of the internal buffer.

This method in combination with `array_one() const` can be useful when passing the stored data into a legacy C API as an array.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`array_one() const`

The array range of the second continuous array of the internal buffer. In the case the internal buffer is linear or the `circular_buffer` is empty the size of the returned array is `0`.

`Nothing.`

pointer Linearize the internal buffer into a continuous array.

This method can be useful when passing the stored data into a legacy C API as an array.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`); does not invalidate any iterators if the postcondition (the Effect) is already met prior calling this method.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`); constant if the postcondition (the Effect) is already met.

In general invoking any method which modifies the internal state of the `circular_buffer` may delinearize the internal buffer and invalidate the returned pointer.

# See Also:

`array_one()` and `array_two()` for the other option how to pass data into a legacy C API; `is_linearized()`, `rotate(const_iterator)`

`&(*this)[0] < &(*this)[1] < ... < &(*this)[size() - 1]`

A pointer to the beginning of the array or `0` if empty.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

bool Is the `circular_buffer` linearized?

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`linearize()`, `array_one()`, `array_two()`

`true` if the internal buffer is linearized into a continuous array (i.e. the `circular_buffer` meets a condition `&(*this)[0] < &(*this)[1] < ... < &(*this)[size() - 1]`); `false` otherwise.

`Nothing.`

void `const_iterator

The new beginning.

` Rotate elements in the `circular_buffer`.

A more effective implementation of `std::rotate`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the `circular_buffer` is full or `new_begin` points to `begin()` or if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

If `m < n` invalidates iterators pointing to the last `m` elements (including `new_begin`, but not iterators equal to `end()`) else invalidates iterators pointing to the first `n` elements; does not invalidate any iterators if the `circular_buffer` is full.

# Complexity

Linear (in `(std::min)(m, n)`); constant if the `circular_buffer` is full.

# See Also:

`std::rotate`

`new_begin` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` except its end.

Before calling the method suppose: `m == std::distance(new_begin, end())` `n == std::distance(begin(), new_begin)` `val_0 == *new_begin, val_1 == *(new_begin + 1), ... val_m == *(new_begin + m)` `val_r1 == *(new_begin - 1), val_r2 == *(new_begin - 2), ... val_rn == *(new_begin - n)` then after call to the method: `val_0 == (*this)[0] && val_1 == (*this)[1] && ... && val_m == (*this)[m - 1] && val_r1 == (*this)[m + n - 1] && val_r2 == (*this)[m + n - 2] && ... && val_rn == (*this)[m]`

`See` Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

size_type Get the number of elements currently stored in the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`capacity()`, `max_size()`, `reserve()`, `resize(size_type, const_reference)`

The number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

size_type Get the largest possible size or capacity of the `circular_buffer`. (It depends on allocator's max_size()).

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`size()`, `capacity()`, `reserve()`

The maximum size/capacity the `circular_buffer` can be set to.

`Nothing.`

bool Is the `circular_buffer` empty?

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`full()`

`true` if there are no elements stored in the `circular_buffer`; `false` otherwise.

`Nothing.`

bool Is the `circular_buffer` full?

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`empty()`

`true` if the number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer` equals the capacity of the `circular_buffer`; `false` otherwise.

`Nothing.`

size_type Get the maximum number of elements which can be inserted into the `circular_buffer` without overwriting any of already stored elements.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`capacity()`, `size()`, `max_size()`

`capacity() - size()`

`Nothing.`

capacity_type Get the capacity of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`reserve()`, `size()`, `max_size()`, `set_capacity(capacity_type)`

The maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

void `capacity_type

The new capacity.

` Change the capacity of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`) if the new capacity is different from the original.

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[size(), new_capacity]`).

# See Also:

`rset_capacity(capacity_type)`, `resize(size_type, const_reference)`

If `T` is a move only type, then compiler shall support `noexcept` modifiers and move constructor of `T` must be marked with it (must not throw exceptions).

`capacity() == new_capacity && size() <= new_capacity` If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer` is greater than the desired new capacity then number of `[size() - new_capacity]` last elements will be removed and the new size will be equal to `new_capacity`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted, (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `size_type

The new size.

` `param_value_typevalue_type()

The element the `circular_buffer` will be filled with in order to gain the requested size. (See the Effect.)

` Change the size of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`) if the new size is greater than the current capacity. Invalidates iterators pointing to the removed elements if the new size is lower that the original size. Otherwise it does not invalidate any iterator.

# Complexity

Linear (in the new size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`rresize(size_type, const_reference)`, `set_capacity(capacity_type)`

`size() == new_size && capacity() >= new_size` If the new size is greater than the current size, copies of `item` will be inserted at the back of the of the `circular_buffer` in order to achieve the desired size. In the case the resulting size exceeds the current capacity the capacity will be set to `new_size`. If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer` is greater than the desired new size then number of `[size() - new_size]` last elements will be removed. (The capacity will remain unchanged.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `capacity_type

The new capacity.

` Change the capacity of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`) if the new capacity is different from the original.

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[size(), new_capacity]`).

# See Also:

`set_capacity(capacity_type)`, `rresize(size_type, const_reference)`

If `T` is a move only type, then compiler shall support `noexcept` modifiers and move constructor of `T` must be marked with it (must not throw exceptions).

`capacity() == new_capacity && size() <= new_capacity` If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer` is greater than the desired new capacity then number of `[size() - new_capacity]` first elements will be removed and the new size will be equal to `new_capacity`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `size_type

The new size.

` `param_value_typevalue_type()

The element the `circular_buffer` will be filled with in order to gain the requested size. (See the Effect.)

` Change the size of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`) if the new size is greater than the current capacity. Invalidates iterators pointing to the removed elements if the new size is lower that the original size. Otherwise it does not invalidate any iterator.

# Complexity

Linear (in the new size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`resize(size_type, const_reference)`, `rset_capacity(capacity_type)`

`size() == new_size && capacity() >= new_size` If the new size is greater than the current size, copies of `item` will be inserted at the front of the of the `circular_buffer` in order to achieve the desired size. In the case the resulting size exceeds the current capacity the capacity will be set to `new_size`. If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer` is greater than the desired new size then number of `[size() - new_size]` first elements will be removed. (The capacity will remain unchanged.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create an empty `circular_buffer` with zero capacity.

# Complexity

Constant.

Since Boost version 1.36 the behaviour of this constructor has changed. Now the constructor does not allocate any memory and both capacity and size are set to zero. Also note when inserting an element into a `circular_buffer` with zero capacity (e.g. by `push_back(const_reference)` or `insert(iterator, value_type)`) nothing will be inserted and the size (as well as capacity) remains zero.

You can explicitly set the capacity by calling the `set_capacity(capacity_type)` method or you can use the other constructor with the capacity specified.

# See Also:

`circular_buffer(capacity_type, const allocator_type& alloc)`, `set_capacity(capacity_type)`

`capacity() == 0 && size() == 0`

`Nothing.`

capacity_type

The maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer`.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create an empty `circular_buffer` with the specified capacity.

# Complexity

Constant.

`capacity() == buffer_capacity && size() == 0`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

size_type

The number of elements the created `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

param_value_type

The element the created `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a full `circular_buffer` with the specified capacity and filled with `n` copies of `item`.

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

`capacity() == n && full() && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this)[n - 1] == item`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

capacity_type

The capacity of the created `circular_buffer`.

size_type

The number of elements the created `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

param_value_type

The element the created `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a `circular_buffer` with the specified capacity and filled with `n` copies of `item`.

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

`buffer_capacity >= n`

`capacity() == buffer_capacity && size() == n && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this)[n - 1] == item`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to be copied.

The copy constructor.

Creates a copy of the specified `circular_buffer`.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of `cb`).

`*this == cb`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

circular_buffer
< T, Alloc > &&

`circular_buffer` to 'steal' value from.

The move constructor.

Move constructs a `circular_buffer` from `cb`, leaving `cb` empty.

# Constant.

C++ compiler with rvalue references support.

`cb.empty()`

`Nothing.`

InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a full `circular_buffer` filled with a copy of the range.

# Complexity

Linear (in the `std::distance(first, last)`).

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity() == std::distance(first, last) && full() && (*this)[0]== *first && (*this)[1] == *(first + 1) && ... && (*this)[std::distance(first, last) - 1] == *(last - 1)`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

capacity_type

The capacity of the created `circular_buffer`.

InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a `circular_buffer` with the specified capacity and filled with a copy of the range.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(first, last)`; in `min[capacity, std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity() == buffer_capacity && size() <= std::distance(first, last) && (*this)[0]== *(last - buffer_capacity) && (*this)[1] == *(last - buffer_capacity + 1) && ... && (*this)[buffer_capacity - 1] == *(last - 1)` If the number of items to be copied from the range `[first, last)` is greater than the specified `buffer_capacity` then only elements from the range `[last - buffer_capacity, last)` will be copied.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

The destructor.

Destroys the `circular_buffer`.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (including iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`) for scalar types; linear for other types.

# See Also:

`clear()`

`Nothing.`

`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > & `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to be copied.

` The assign operator.

Makes this `circular_buffer` to become a copy of the specified `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to this `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of `cb`).

# See Also:

`assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`*this == cb`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > & ``circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &&

`circular_buffer` to 'steal' value from.

` Move assigns content of `cb` to `*this`, leaving `cb` empty.

# Complexity

Constant.

C++ compiler with rvalue references support.

`cb.empty()`

`Nothing.`

void `size_type

The number of elements the `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

` `param_value_type

The element the `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

` Assign `n` items into the `circular_buffer`.

The content of the `circular_buffer` will be removed and replaced with `n` copies of the `item`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`capacity() == n && size() == n && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this) [n - 1] == item`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `capacity_type

The new capacity.

` `size_type

The number of elements the `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

` `param_value_type

The element the `circular_buffer` will be filled with.

` Assign `n` items into the `circular_buffer` specifying the capacity.

The capacity of the `circular_buffer` will be set to the specified value and the content of the `circular_buffer` will be removed and replaced with `n` copies of the `item`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`capacity >= n`

`capacity() == buffer_capacity && size() == n && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this) [n - 1] == item`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

` Assign a copy of the range into the `circular_buffer`.

The content of the `circular_buffer` will be removed and replaced with copies of elements from the specified range.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the `std::distance(first, last)`).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity() == std::distance(first, last) && size() == std::distance(first, last) && (*this)[0]== *first && (*this)[1] == *(first + 1) && ... && (*this)[std::distance(first, last) - 1] == *(last - 1)`

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `capacity_type

The new capacity.

` `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

` Assign a copy of the range into the `circular_buffer` specifying the capacity.

The capacity of the `circular_buffer` will be set to the specified value and the content of the `circular_buffer` will be removed and replaced with copies of elements from the specified range.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(first, last)`; in `min[capacity, std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity() == buffer_capacity && size() <= std::distance(first, last) && (*this)[0]== *(last - buffer_capacity) && (*this)[1] == *(last - buffer_capacity + 1) && ... && (*this)[buffer_capacity - 1] == *(last - 1)` If the number of items to be copied from the range `[first, last)` is greater than the specified `buffer_capacity` then only elements from the range `[last - buffer_capacity, last)` will be copied.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void ``circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` whose content will be swapped.

` Swap the contents of two `circular_buffer`s.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators of both `circular_buffer`s. (On the other hand the iterators still point to the same elements but within another container. If you want to rely on this feature you have to turn the Debug Support off otherwise an assertion will report an error if such invalidated iterator is used.)

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`swap(circular_buffer<T, Alloc>&, circular_buffer<T, Alloc>&)`

`this` contains elements of `cb` and vice versa; the capacity of `this` equals to the capacity of `cb` and vice versa.

`Nothing.`

void `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the end of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators with the exception of iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`push_front(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity() > 0` then `back() == item` If the `circular_buffer` is full, the first element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

void `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the end of the `circular_buffer` using rvalue references or rvalues references emulation.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators with the exception of iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`push_front(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity() > 0` then `back() == item` If the `circular_buffer` is full, the first element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

`Whatever` `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws.

void Insert a new default-constructed element at the end of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators with the exception of iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`push_front(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity() > 0` then `back() == item` If the `circular_buffer` is full, the first element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

`Whatever` `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws.

void `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the beginning of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators with the exception of iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`push_back(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity() > 0` then `front() == item` If the `circular_buffer` is full, the last element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

void `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the beginning of the `circular_buffer` using rvalue references or rvalues references emulation.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators with the exception of iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`push_back(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity() > 0` then `front() == item` If the `circular_buffer` is full, the last element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

`Whatever` `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws.

void Insert a new default-constructed element at the beginning of the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators with the exception of iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`push_back(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity() > 0` then `front() == item` If the `circular_buffer` is full, the last element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

`Whatever` `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws.

void Remove the last element from the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates only iterators pointing to the removed element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`pop_front()`, `push_back(const_reference)`, `push_front(const_reference)`

`!empty()`

The last element is removed from the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

void Remove the first element from the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates only iterators pointing to the removed element.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`).

# See Also:

`pop_back()`, `push_back(const_reference)`, `push_front(const_reference)`

`!empty()`

The first element is removed from the `circular_buffer`.

`Nothing.`

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item` will be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements at the insertion point (including `pos`) and iterators behind the insertion point (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(pos, end())`).

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted at the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer` is full, the first element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer` is full and the `pos` points to `begin()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

Iterator to the inserted element or `begin()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item` will be inserted.

` `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements at the insertion point (including `pos`) and iterators behind the insertion point (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(pos, end())`).

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted at the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer` is full, the first element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer` is full and the `pos` points to `begin()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

Iterator to the inserted element or `begin()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`Whatever` `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item` will be inserted.

` Insert a default-constructed element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements at the insertion point (including `pos`) and iterators behind the insertion point (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(pos, end())`).

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted at the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer` is full, the first element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer` is full and the `pos` points to `begin()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

Iterator to the inserted element or `begin()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`Whatever` `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item`s will be inserted.

` `size_type

The number of `item`s the to be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element whose copies will be inserted.

` Insert `n` copies of the `item` at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements at the insertion point (including `pos`) and iterators behind the insertion point (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten elements.

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[capacity(), std::distance(pos, end()) + n]`).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting 5 elements at the position `p`: `insert(p, (size_t)5, 0);` actually only 4 elements get inserted and elements `1` and `2` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the insert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|0|0|0|0|3|4|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|0|0|0|0|0|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The number of `min[n, (pos - begin()) + reserve()]` elements will be inserted at the position `pos`. The number of `min[pos - begin(), max[0, n - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the beginning of the `circular_buffer`. (See Example for the explanation.)

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the range will be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be inserted.

` Insert the range `[first, last)` at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements at the insertion point (including `pos`) and iterators behind the insertion point (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten elements.

# Complexity

Linear (in `[std::distance(pos, end()) + std::distance(first, last)]`; in `min[capacity(), std::distance(pos, end()) + std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting a range of elements at the position `p`: `int array[] = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };` `insert(p, array, array + 5);` actually only elements `6`, `7`, `8` and `9` from the specified range get inserted and elements `1` and `2` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the insert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|6|7|8|9|3|4|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|5|6|7|8|9|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end. Valid range `[first, last)` where `first` and `last` meet the requirements of an InputIterator.

Elements from the range `[first + max[0, distance(first, last) - (pos - begin()) - reserve()], last)` will be inserted at the position `pos`. The number of `min[pos - begin(), max[0, distance(first, last) - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the beginning of the `circular_buffer`. (See Example for the explanation.)

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is not a move iterator. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is not a move iterator. Whatever `T::T(T&&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is a move iterator. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is a move iterator.

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position before which the `item` will be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements before the insertion point (towards the beginning and excluding `pos`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(begin(), pos)`).

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted before the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer` is full, the last element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer` is full and the `pos` points to `end()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

Iterator to the inserted element or `end()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position before which the `item` will be inserted.

` `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements before the insertion point (towards the beginning and excluding `pos`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(begin(), pos)`).

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted before the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer` is full, the last element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer` is full and the `pos` points to `end()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

Iterator to the inserted element or `end()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`Whatever` `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position before which the `item` will be inserted.

` Insert an element before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements before the insertion point (towards the beginning and excluding `pos`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten element.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(begin(), pos)`).

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted before the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer` is full, the last element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer` is full and the `pos` points to `end()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted.

Iterator to the inserted element or `end()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`Whatever` `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(T&&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item`s will be inserted.

` `size_type

The number of `item`s the to be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element whose copies will be inserted.

` Insert `n` copies of the `item` before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements before the insertion point (towards the beginning and excluding `pos`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten elements.

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[capacity(), std::distance(begin(), pos) + n]`).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting 5 elements before the position `p`: `rinsert(p, (size_t)5, 0);` actually only 4 elements get inserted and elements `3` and `4` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the rinsert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|1|2|0|0|0|0|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|0|0|0|0|0|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end.

The number of `min[n, (end() - pos) + reserve()]` elements will be inserted before the position `pos`. The number of `min[end() - pos, max[0, n - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the end of the `circular_buffer`. (See Example for the explanation.)

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws. Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the range will be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be inserted.

` Insert the range `[first, last)` before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operations in the Throws section do not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the elements before the insertion point (towards the beginning and excluding `pos`). It also invalidates iterators pointing to the overwritten elements.

# Complexity

Linear (in `[std::distance(begin(), pos) + std::distance(first, last)]`; in `min[capacity(), std::distance(begin(), pos) + std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting a range of elements before the position `p`: `int array[] = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };` `insert(p, array, array + 5);` actually only elements `5`, `6`, `7` and `8` from the specified range get inserted and elements `3` and `4` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the rinsert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|1|2|5|6|7|8|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|5|6|7|8|9|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` or its end. Valid range `[first, last)` where `first` and `last` meet the requirements of an InputIterator.

Elements from the range `[first, last - max[0, distance(first, last) - (end() - pos) - reserve()])` will be inserted before the position `pos`. The number of `min[end() - pos, max[0, distance(first, last) - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the end of the `circular_buffer`. (See Example for the explanation.)

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is not a move iterator. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is not a move iterator. Whatever `T::T(T&&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is a move iterator. Whatever `T::operator = (T&&)` throws if the `InputIterator` is a move iterator.

iterator `iterator

An iterator pointing at the element to be removed.

` Remove an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the erased element and iterators pointing to the elements behind the erased element (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(pos, end())`).

# See Also:

`erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `erase_begin(size_type)`, `erase_end(size_type)`, `clear()`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` (but not an `end()`).

The element at the position `pos` is removed.

Iterator to the first element remaining beyond the removed element or `end()` if no such element exists.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

The beginning of the range to be removed.

` `iterator

The end of the range to be removed.

` Erase the range `[first, last)`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the erased elements and iterators pointing to the elements behind the erased range (towards the end; except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(first, end())`).

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `erase_begin(size_type)`, `erase_end(size_type)`, `clear()`

Valid range `[first, last)`.

The elements from the range `[first, last)` are removed. (If `first == last` nothing is removed.)

Iterator to the first element remaining beyond the removed elements or `end()` if no such element exists.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

An iterator pointing at the element to be removed.

` Remove an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the erased element and iterators pointing to the elements in front of the erased element (towards the beginning).

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(begin(), pos)`).

This method is symmetric to the `erase(iterator)` method and is more effective than `erase(iterator)` if the iterator `pos` is close to the beginning of the `circular_buffer`. (See the Complexity.)

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `erase_begin(size_type)`, `erase_end(size_type)`, `clear()`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer` (but not an `end()`).

The element at the position `pos` is removed.

Iterator to the first element remaining in front of the removed element or `begin()` if no such element exists.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

iterator `iterator

The beginning of the range to be removed.

` `iterator

The end of the range to be removed.

` Erase the range `[first, last)`.

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the erased elements and iterators pointing to the elements in front of the erased range (towards the beginning).

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(begin(), last)`).

This method is symmetric to the `erase(iterator, iterator)` method and is more effective than `erase(iterator, iterator)` if `std::distance(begin(), first)` is lower that `std::distance(last, end())`.

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `erase_begin(size_type)`, `erase_end(size_type)`, `clear()`

Valid range `[first, last)`.

The elements from the range `[first, last)` are removed. (If `first == last` nothing is removed.)

Iterator to the first element remaining in front of the removed elements or `begin()` if no such element exists.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void `size_type

The number of elements to be removed.

` Remove first `n` elements (with constant complexity for scalar types).

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything. (I.e. no throw in case of scalars.)

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the first `n` erased elements.

# Complexity

Constant (in `n`) for scalar types; linear for other types.

This method has been specially designed for types which do not require an explicit destructruction (e.g. integer, float or a pointer). For these scalar types a call to a destructor is not required which makes it possible to implement the "erase from beginning" operation with a constant complexity. For non-sacalar types the complexity is linear (hence the explicit destruction is needed) and the implementation is actually equivalent to `rerase(begin(), begin() + n)`.

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `erase_end(size_type)`, `clear()`

`n <= size()`

The `n` elements at the beginning of the `circular_buffer` will be removed.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void `size_type

The number of elements to be removed.

` Remove last `n` elements (with constant complexity for scalar types).

# Exception Safety

Basic; no-throw if the operation in the Throws section does not throw anything. (I.e. no throw in case of scalars.)

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates iterators pointing to the last `n` erased elements.

# Complexity

Constant (in `n`) for scalar types; linear for other types.

This method has been specially designed for types which do not require an explicit destructruction (e.g. integer, float or a pointer). For these scalar types a call to a destructor is not required which makes it possible to implement the "erase from end" operation with a constant complexity. For non-sacalar types the complexity is linear (hence the explicit destruction is needed) and the implementation is actually equivalent to `erase(end() - n, end())`.

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `erase_begin(size_type)`, `clear()`

`n <= size()`

The `n` elements at the end of the `circular_buffer` will be removed.

`<a` href="circular_buffer/implementation.html#circular_buffer.implementation.exceptions_of_move_if_noexcept_t">Exceptions of move_if_noexcept(T&).

void Remove all stored elements from the `circular_buffer`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`) for scalar types; linear for other types.

# See Also:

`~circular_buffer()`, `erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `erase_begin(size_type)`, `erase_end(size_type)`

`size() == 0`

`Nothing.`

bool `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` Compare two `circular_buffer`s element-by-element to determine if they are equal.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

`lhs.size() == rhs.size() && std::equal(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin())`

`Nothing.`

bool `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` Compare two `circular_buffer`s element-by-element to determine if the left one is lesser than the right one.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

`std::lexicographical_compare(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end())`

`Nothing.`

bool `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` Compare two `circular_buffer`s element-by-element to determine if they are non-equal.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# See Also:

`operator==(const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&, const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&)`

`!(lhs == rhs)`

`Nothing.`

bool `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` Compare two `circular_buffer`s element-by-element to determine if the left one is greater than the right one.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# See Also:

`operator<(const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&, const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&)`

`rhs < lhs`

`Nothing.`

bool `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` Compare two `circular_buffer`s element-by-element to determine if the left one is lesser or equal to the right one.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# See Also:

`operator<(const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&, const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&)`

`!(rhs < lhs)`

`Nothing.`

bool `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` `const `circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` to compare.

` Compare two `circular_buffer`s element-by-element to determine if the left one is greater or equal to the right one.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# See Also:

`operator<(const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&, const circular_buffer<T,Alloc>&)`

`!(lhs < rhs)`

`Nothing.`

void ``circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` whose content will be swapped with `rhs`.

` ``circular_buffer`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer` whose content will be swapped with `lhs`.

` Swap the contents of two `circular_buffer`s.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer`s).

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators of both `circular_buffer`s. (On the other hand the iterators still point to the same elements but within another container. If you want to rely on this feature you have to turn the Debug Support off otherwise an assertion will report an error if such invalidated iterator is used.)

# See Also:

`swap(circular_buffer<T, Alloc>&)`

`lhs` contains elements of `rhs` and vice versa.

`Nothing.`

boost::circular_buffer< T, Alloc >
Space optimized circular buffer container adaptor. `T` must be a copyable class or must have an noexcept move constructor and move assignment operator.
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::value_type
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::pointer
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::const_pointer
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::reference
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::const_reference
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::size_type
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::difference_type
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::allocator_type
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::const_iterator
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::iterator
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::const_reverse_iterator
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::reverse_iterator
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::array_range
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::const_array_range
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::param_value_type
`circular_buffer`< T, Alloc >::rvalue_type

Capacity controller of the space optimized circular buffer.

# See Also:

capacity_control in details.hpp.

`class capacity_control { size_type m_capacity; // Available capacity. size_type m_min_capacity; // Minimum capacity. public: capacity_control(size_type capacity, size_type min_capacity = 0) : m_capacity(capacity), m_min_capacity(min_capacity) {}; size_type capacity() const { return m_capacity; } size_type min_capacity() const { return m_min_capacity; } operator size_type() const { return m_capacity; } };`

Always `capacity >= min_capacity`.

The `capacity()` represents the capacity of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` and the `min_capacity()` determines the minimal allocated size of its internal buffer.

The converting constructor of the `capacity_control` allows implicit conversion from `size_type`-like types which ensures compatibility of creating an instance of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` with other STL containers.

On the other hand the operator `size_type()` provides implicit conversion to the `size_type` which allows to treat the capacity of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` the same way as in the `circular_buffer`.

cb_details::capacity_control< size_type >
bool Is the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` full?

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`empty()`

`true` if the number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` equals the capacity of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`; `false` otherwise.

`Nothing.`

size_type Get the maximum number of elements which can be inserted into the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` without overwriting any of already stored elements.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`capacity()`, `size()`, `max_size()`

`capacity().capacity() - size()`

`Nothing.`

const capacity_type & Get the capacity of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Does not invalidate any iterators.

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`reserve()`, `size()`, `max_size()`, `set_capacity(const capacity_type&)`

The capacity controller representing the maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` and the minimal allocated size of the internal buffer.

`Nothing.`

void `const capacity_type &

The new capacity controller.

` Change the capacity (and the minimal guaranteed amount of allocated memory) of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[size(), capacity_ctrl.capacity()]`).

To explicitly clear the extra allocated memory use the shrink-to-fit technique: `boost::circular_buffer_space_optimized<int> cb(1000); ... boost::circular_buffer_space_optimized<int>(cb).swap(cb);` For more information about the shrink-to-fit technique in STL see http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/054.htm.

# See Also:

`rset_capacity(const capacity_type&)`, `resize(size_type, const_reference)`

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() <= capacity_ctrl.capacity()` If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is greater than the desired new capacity then number of `[size() - capacity_ctrl.capacity()]` last elements will be removed and the new size will be equal to `capacity_ctrl.capacity()`. If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is lower than the new capacity then the amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be accommodated as necessary but it will never drop below `capacity_ctrl.min_capacity()`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted, (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `size_type

The new size.

` `param_value_typevalue_type()

The element the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with in order to gain the requested size. (See the Effect.)

` Change the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the new size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`rresize(size_type, const_reference)`, `set_capacity(const capacity_type&)`

`size() == new_size && capacity().capacity() >= new_size` If the new size is greater than the current size, copies of `item` will be inserted at the back of the of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` in order to achieve the desired size. In the case the resulting size exceeds the current capacity the capacity will be set to `new_size`. If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is greater than the desired new size then number of `[size() - new_size]` last elements will be removed. (The capacity will remain unchanged.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be accommodated as necessary.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `const capacity_type &

The new capacity controller.

` Change the capacity (and the minimal guaranteed amount of allocated memory) of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[size(), capacity_ctrl.capacity()]`).

# See Also:

`set_capacity(const capacity_type&)`, `rresize(size_type, const_reference)`

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() <= capacity_ctrl` If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is greater than the desired new capacity then number of `[size() - capacity_ctrl.capacity()]` first elements will be removed and the new size will be equal to `capacity_ctrl.capacity()`. If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is lower than the new capacity then the amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be accommodated as necessary but it will never drop below `capacity_ctrl.min_capacity()`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `size_type

The new size.

` `param_value_typevalue_type()

The element the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with in order to gain the requested size. (See the Effect.)

` Change the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the new size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`resize(size_type, const_reference)`, `rset_capacity(const capacity_type&)`

`size() == new_size && capacity().capacity() >= new_size` If the new size is greater than the current size, copies of `item` will be inserted at the front of the of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` in order to achieve the desired size. In the case the resulting size exceeds the current capacity the capacity will be set to `new_size`. If the current number of elements stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is greater than the desired new size then number of `[size() - new_size]` first elements will be removed. (The capacity will remain unchanged.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be accommodated as necessary.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create an empty space optimized circular buffer with zero capacity.

# Complexity

Constant.

Since Boost version 1.36 the behaviour of this constructor has changed. Now it creates a space optimized circular buffer with zero capacity.

`capacity().capacity() == 0 && capacity().min_capacity() == 0 && size() == 0`

`Nothing.`

capacity_type

The capacity controller representing the maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` and the minimal allocated size of the internal buffer.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create an empty space optimized circular buffer with the specified capacity.

# Complexity

Constant.

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() == 0` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `capacity_ctrl.min_capacity()`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

capacity_type

The capacity controller representing the maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` and the minimal allocated size of the internal buffer.

param_value_type

The element the created `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a full space optimized circular buffer with the specified capacity filled with `capacity_ctrl.capacity()` copies of `item`.

# Complexity

Linear (in the `capacity_ctrl.capacity()`).

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && full() && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this) [capacity_ctrl.capacity() - 1] == item` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `capacity_ctrl.capacity()`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws.

capacity_type

The capacity controller representing the maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` and the minimal allocated size of the internal buffer.

size_type

The number of elements the created `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

param_value_type

The element the created `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a space optimized circular buffer with the specified capacity filled with `n` copies of `item`.

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

`capacity_ctrl.capacity() >= n`

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() == n && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this)[n - 1] == item` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `max[n, capacity_ctrl.min_capacity()]`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer_space_optimized` to be copied.

The copy constructor.

Creates a copy of the specified `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of `cb`).

`*this == cb` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `cb.size()`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

circular_buffer_space_optimized
< T, Alloc > &&

`circular_buffer` to 'steal' value from.

The move constructor.

Move constructs a `circular_buffer_space_optimized` from `cb`, leaving `cb` empty.

# Constant.

C++ compiler with rvalue references support.

`cb.empty()`

`Nothing.`

InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a full space optimized circular buffer filled with a copy of the range.

# Complexity

Linear (in the `std::distance(first, last)`).

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity().capacity() == std::distance(first, last) && capacity().min_capacity() == 0 && full() && (*this)[0]== *first && (*this)[1] == *(first + 1) && ... && (*this)[std::distance(first, last) - 1] == *(last - 1)` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `std::distance(first, last)`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept and `InputIterator` is a move iterator.

capacity_type

The capacity controller representing the maximum number of elements which can be stored in the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` and the minimal allocated size of the internal buffer.

InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

const allocator_type &
allocator_type()

The allocator.

Create a space optimized circular buffer with the specified capacity (and the minimal guaranteed amount of allocated memory) filled with a copy of the range.

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(first, last)`; in `min[capacity_ctrl.capacity(), std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() <= std::distance(first, last) && (*this)[0]== (last - capacity_ctrl.capacity()) && (*this)[1] == *(last - capacity_ctrl.capacity() + 1) && ... && (*this)[capacity_ctrl.capacity() - 1] == *(last - 1)` If the number of items to be copied from the range `[first, last)` is greater than the specified `capacity_ctrl.capacity()` then only elements from the range `[last - capacity_ctrl.capacity(), last)` will be copied. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `max[capacity_ctrl.min_capacity(), min[capacity_ctrl.capacity(), std::distance(first, last)]]`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

`circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > & `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer_space_optimized` to be copied.

` The assign operator.

Makes this `circular_buffer_space_optimized` to become a copy of the specified `circular_buffer_space_optimized`.

# Exception Safety

Strong.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to this `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of `cb`).

# See Also:

`assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`*this == cb` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `cb.size()`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

`Whatever` `T::T(const T&)` throws.

`circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > & ``circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &&

`circular_buffer` to 'steal' value from.

` Move assigns content of `cb` to `*this`, leaving `cb` empty.

# Complexity

Constant.

C++ compiler with rvalue references support.

`cb.empty()`

`Nothing.`

void `size_type

The number of elements the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

` `param_value_type

The element the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

` Assign `n` items into the space optimized circular buffer.

The content of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be removed and replaced with `n` copies of the `item`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`capacity().capacity() == n && capacity().min_capacity() == 0 && size() == n && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this) [n - 1] == item` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `n`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `capacity_type

The new capacity controller.

` `size_type

The number of elements the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

` `param_value_type

The element the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be filled with.

` Assign `n` items into the space optimized circular buffer specifying the capacity.

The capacity of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be set to the specified value and the content of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be removed and replaced with `n` copies of the `item`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the `n`).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`capacity_ctrl.capacity() >= n`

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() == n && (*this)[0] == item && (*this)[1] == item && ... && (*this) [n - 1] == item` The amount of allocated memory will be `max[n, capacity_ctrl.min_capacity()]`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

` Assign a copy of the range into the space optimized circular buffer.

The content of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be removed and replaced with copies of elements from the specified range.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the `std::distance(first, last)`).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity().capacity() == std::distance(first, last) && capacity().min_capacity() == 0 && size() == std::distance(first, last) && (*this)[0]== *first && (*this)[1] == *(first + 1) && ... && (*this)[std::distance(first, last) - 1] == *(last - 1)` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `std::distance(first, last)`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept and `InputIterator` is a move iterator.

void `capacity_type

The new capacity controller.

` `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be copied.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be copied.

` Assign a copy of the range into the space optimized circular buffer specifying the capacity.

The capacity of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be set to the specified value and the content of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` will be removed and replaced with copies of elements from the specified range.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `std::distance(first, last)`; in `min[capacity_ctrl.capacity(), std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

# See Also:

`operator=`, `assign(size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(capacity_type, size_type, const_reference)`, `assign(InputIterator, InputIterator)`

Valid range `[first, last)`. `first` and `last` have to meet the requirements of InputIterator.

`capacity() == capacity_ctrl && size() <= std::distance(first, last) && (*this)[0]== *(last - capacity) && (*this)[1] == *(last - capacity + 1) && ... && (*this)[capacity - 1] == *(last - 1)` If the number of items to be copied from the range `[first, last)` is greater than the specified `capacity` then only elements from the range `[last - capacity, last)` will be copied. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer is `max[std::distance(first, last), capacity_ctrl.min_capacity()]`.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept and `InputIterator` is a move iterator.

void ``circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &

The `circular_buffer_space_optimized` whose content will be swapped.

` Swap the contents of two space-optimized circular-buffers.

# Exception Safety

No-throw.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators of both `circular_buffer_space_optimized` containers. (On the other hand the iterators still point to the same elements but within another container. If you want to rely on this feature you have to turn the __debug_support off, otherwise an assertion will report an error if such invalidated iterator is used.)

# Complexity

Constant (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`swap(circular_buffer<T, Alloc>&, circular_buffer<T, Alloc>&)`, `swap(circular_buffer_space_optimized<T, Alloc>&, circular_buffer_space_optimized<T, Alloc>&)`

`this` contains elements of `cb` and vice versa; the capacity and the amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer of `this` equal to the capacity and the amount of allocated memory of `cb` and vice versa.

`Nothing.`

void `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the end of the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`push_front(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity().capacity() > 0` then `back() == item` If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the first element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the end of the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`push_front(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity().capacity() > 0` then `back() == item` If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the first element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

void Insert a new element at the end of the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`push_front(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity().capacity() > 0` then `back() == item` If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the first element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the beginning of the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`push_back(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity().capacity() > 0` then `front() == item` If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the last element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws.

void `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert a new element at the beginning of the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`push_back(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity().capacity() > 0` then `front() == item` If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the last element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void Insert a new element at the beginning of the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`push_back(const_reference)`, `pop_back()`, `pop_front()`

if `capacity().capacity() > 0` then `front() == item` If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the last element will be removed. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void Remove the last element from the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`pop_front()`, `push_back(const_reference)`, `push_front(const_reference)`

`!empty()`

The last element is removed from the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

void Remove the first element from the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`pop_back()`, `push_back(const_reference)`, `push_front(const_reference)`

`!empty()`

The first element is removed from the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item` will be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted at the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the first element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full and the `pos` points to `begin()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

Iterator to the inserted element or `begin()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item` will be inserted.

` `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted at the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the first element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full and the `pos` points to `begin()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

Iterator to the inserted element or `begin()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item` will be inserted.

` Insert an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted at the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the first element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full and the `pos` points to `begin()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

Iterator to the inserted element or `begin()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item`s will be inserted.

` `size_type

The number of `item`s the to be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element whose copies will be inserted.

` Insert `n` copies of the `item` at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[capacity().capacity(), size() + n]`).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer_space_optimized` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting 5 elements at the position `p`: `insert(p, (size_t)5, 0);` actually only 4 elements get inserted and elements `1` and `2` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the insert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|0|0|0|0|3|4|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|0|0|0|0|0|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The number of `min[n, (pos - begin()) + reserve()]` elements will be inserted at the position `pos`. The number of `min[pos - begin(), max[0, n - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the beginning of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`. (See Example for the explanation.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the range will be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be inserted.

` Insert the range `[first, last)` at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `[size() + std::distance(first, last)]`; in `min[capacity().capacity(), size() + std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer_space_optimized` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting a range of elements at the position `p`: `int array[] = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };` `insert(p, array, array + 5);` actually only elements `6`, `7`, `8` and `9` from the specified range get inserted and elements `1` and `2` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the insert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|6|7|8|9|3|4|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|5|6|7|8|9|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end. Valid range `[first, last)` where `first` and `last` meet the requirements of an InputIterator.

Elements from the range `[first + max[0, distance(first, last) - (pos - begin()) - reserve()], last)` will be inserted at the position `pos`. The number of `min[pos - begin(), max[0, distance(first, last) - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the beginning of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`. (See Example for the explanation.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position before which the `item` will be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted before the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the last element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full and the `pos` points to `end()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

Iterator to the inserted element or `end()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position before which the `item` will be inserted.

` `rvalue_type

The element to be inserted.

` Insert an element before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted before the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the last element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full and the `pos` points to `end()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

Iterator to the inserted element or `end()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

iterator `iterator

An iterator specifying the position before which the `item` will be inserted.

` Insert an element before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The `item` will be inserted before the position `pos`. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full, the last element will be overwritten. If the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` is full and the `pos` points to `end()`, then the `item` will not be inserted. If the capacity is `0`, nothing will be inserted. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

Iterator to the inserted element or `end()` if the `item` is not inserted. (See the Effect.)

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T()` throws. Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::T(T&&)` is noexcept.

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the `item`s will be inserted.

` `size_type

The number of `item`s the to be inserted.

` `param_value_type

The element whose copies will be inserted.

` Insert `n` copies of the `item` before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `min[capacity().capacity(), size() + n]`).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer_space_optimized` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting 5 elements before the position `p`: `rinsert(p, (size_t)5, 0);` actually only 4 elements get inserted and elements `3` and `4` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the rinsert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|1|2|0|0|0|0|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|0|0|0|0|0|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end.

The number of `min[n, (end() - pos) + reserve()]` elements will be inserted before the position `pos`. The number of `min[end() - pos, max[0, n - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the end of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`. (See Example for the explanation.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

void `iterator

An iterator specifying the position where the range will be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The beginning of the range to be inserted.

` `InputIterator

The end of the range to be inserted.

` Insert the range `[first, last)` before the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in `[size() + std::distance(first, last)]`; in `min[capacity().capacity(), size() + std::distance(first, last)]` if the `InputIterator` is a RandomAccessIterator).

# Example

Consider a `circular_buffer_space_optimized` with the capacity of 6 and the size of 4. Its internal buffer may look like the one below. `|1|2|3|4| | |` `p ___^` After inserting a range of elements before the position `p`: `int array[] = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };` `insert(p, array, array + 5);` actually only elements `5`, `6`, `7` and `8` from the specified range get inserted and elements `3` and `4` are overwritten. This is due to the fact the rinsert operation preserves the capacity. After insertion the internal buffer looks like this: `|1|2|5|6|7|8|` For comparison if the capacity would not be preserved the internal buffer would then result in `|1|2|5|6|7|8|9|3|4|`.

# See Also:

`rinsert(iterator, value_type)`, `rinsert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, size_type, value_type)`, `insert(iterator, InputIterator, InputIterator)`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` or its end. Valid range `[first, last)` where `first` and `last` meet the requirements of an InputIterator.

Elements from the range `[first, last - max[0, distance(first, last) - (end() - pos) - reserve()])` will be inserted before the position `pos`. The number of `min[end() - pos, max[0, distance(first, last) - reserve()]]` elements will be overwritten at the end of the `circular_buffer`. (See Example for the explanation.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively increased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::T(const T&)` throws. Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws.

iterator `iterator

An iterator pointing at the element to be removed.

` Remove an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `clear()`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (but not an `end()`).

The element at the position `pos` is removed. The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

Iterator to the first element remaining beyond the removed element or `end()` if no such element exists.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::operator = (T&&)` is noexcept.

iterator `iterator

The beginning of the range to be removed.

` `iterator

The end of the range to be removed.

` Erase the range `[first, last)`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `clear()`

Valid range `[first, last)`.

The elements from the range `[first, last)` are removed. (If `first == last` nothing is removed.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

Iterator to the first element remaining beyond the removed elements or `end()` if no such element exists.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::operator = (T&&)` is noexcept.

iterator `iterator

An iterator pointing at the element to be removed.

` Remove an element at the specified position.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

Basically there is no difference between `erase(iterator)` and this method. It is implemented only for consistency with the base `circular_buffer`.

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`, `clear()`

`pos` is a valid iterator pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (but not an `end()`). The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

The element at the position `pos` is removed.

Iterator to the first element remaining in front of the removed element or `begin()` if no such element exists.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::operator = (T&&)` is noexcept.

iterator `iterator

The beginning of the range to be removed.

` `iterator

The end of the range to be removed.

` Erase the range `[first, last)`.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

Basically there is no difference between `erase(iterator, iterator)` and this method. It is implemented only for consistency with the base `<circular_buffer`.

# See Also:

`erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `clear()`

Valid range `[first, last)`.

The elements from the range `[first, last)` are removed. (If `first == last` nothing is removed.) The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

Iterator to the first element remaining in front of the removed elements or `begin()` if no such element exists.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used). Whatever `T::operator = (const T&)` throws or nothing if `T::operator = (T&&)` is noexcept.

void Remove all stored elements from the space optimized circular buffer.

# Exception Safety

Basic.

# Iterator Invalidation

Invalidates all iterators pointing to the `circular_buffer_space_optimized` (except iterators equal to `end()`).

# Complexity

Linear (in the size of the `circular_buffer_space_optimized`).

# See Also:

`~circular_buffer_space_optimized()`, `erase(iterator)`, `erase(iterator, iterator)`, `rerase(iterator)`, `rerase(iterator, iterator)`

`size() == 0` The amount of allocated memory in the internal buffer may be predictively decreased.

`An allocation error` if memory is exhausted (`std::bad_alloc` if the standard allocator is used).

bool `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Test two space optimized circular buffers for equality.
bool `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Lexicographical comparison.
bool `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Test two space optimized circular buffers for non-equality.
bool `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Lexicographical comparison.
bool `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Lexicographical comparison.
bool `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` `const `circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Lexicographical comparison.
void ``circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` ``circular_buffer_space_optimized`< T, Alloc > &` Swap the contents of two space optimized circular buffers.