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#### Buffered Channel

Boost.Fiber provides a bounded, buffered channel (MPMC queue) suitable to synchronize fibers (running on the same or different threads) via asynchronous message passing.

    typedef boost::fibers::buffered_channel< int > channel_t;

    void send( channel_t & chan) {
        for ( int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
            chan.push( i);
        }
        chan.close();
    }

    void recv( channel_t & chan) {
        int i;
        while ( boost::fibers::channel_op_status::success == chan.pop(i) ) {
            std::cout << "received " << i << std::endl;
        }
    }

    channel_t chan{ 2 };
    boost::fibers::fiber f1( std::bind( send, std::ref( chan) ) );
    boost::fibers::fiber f2( std::bind( recv, std::ref( chan) ) );

    f1.join();
    f2.join();

Class `buffered_channel` supports range-for syntax:

    typedef boost::fibers::buffered_channel< int > channel_t;

    void foo( channel_t & chan) {
        chan.push( 1);
        chan.push( 1);
        chan.push( 2);
        chan.push( 3);
        chan.push( 5);
        chan.push( 8);
        chan.push( 12);
        chan.close();
    }

    void bar( channel_t & chan) {
        for ( unsigned int value : chan) {
            std::cout << value << " ";
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;
    }

##### Template `buffered_channel<>`

    #include <boost/fiber/buffered_channel.hpp>

    namespace boost {
    namespace fibers {

    template< typename T >
    class buffered_channel {
    public:
        typedef T   value_type;

        class iterator;

        explicit buffered_channel( std::size_t capacity);

        buffered_channel( buffered_channel const& other) = delete;
        buffered_channel & operator=( buffered_channel const& other) = delete;

        void close() noexcept;

        channel_op_status push( value_type const& va);
        channel_op_status push( value_type && va);
        template< typename Rep, typename Period >
        channel_op_status push_wait_for(
            value_type const& va,
            std::chrono::duration< Rep, Period > const& timeout_duration);
        channel_op_status push_wait_for( value_type && va,
            std::chrono::duration< Rep, Period > const& timeout_duration);
        template< typename Clock, typename Duration >
        channel_op_status push_wait_until(
            value_type const& va,
            std::chrono::time_point< Clock, Duration > const& timeout_time);
        template< typename Clock, typename Duration >
        channel_op_status push_wait_until(
            value_type && va,
            std::chrono::time_point< Clock, Duration > const& timeout_time);
        channel_op_status try_push( value_type const& va);
        channel_op_status try_push( value_type && va);

        channel_op_status pop( value_type & va);
        value_type value_pop();
        template< typename Rep, typename Period >
        channel_op_status pop_wait_for(
            value_type & va,
            std::chrono::duration< Rep, Period > const& timeout_duration);
        template< typename Clock, typename Duration >
        channel_op_status pop_wait_until(
            value_type & va,
            std::chrono::time_point< Clock, Duration > const& timeout_time);
        channel_op_status try_pop( value_type & va);
    };

    template< typename T >
    buffered_channel< T >::iterator begin( buffered_channel< T > & chan);

    template< typename T >
    buffered_channel< T >::iterator end( buffered_channel< T > & chan);

    }}

###### Constructor

    explicit buffered_channel( std::size_t capacity);

Preconditions:

  `2<=capacity && 0==(capacity & (capacity-1))`

Effects:

  The constructor constructs an object of class `buffered_channel` with an internal buffer of size `capacity`.

Throws:

  `fiber_error`

Error Conditions:

  invalid_argument: if `0==capacity || 0!=(capacity & (capacity-1))`.

Notes:

  A `push()`, `push_wait_for()` or `push_wait_until()` will not block until the number of values in the channel becomes equal to `capacity`. The channel can hold only `capacity - 1` elements, otherwise it is considered to be full.

##### Member function `close`()

    void close() noexcept;

Effects:

  Deactivates the channel. No values can be put after calling `this->close()`. Fibers blocked in `this->pop()`, `this->pop_wait_for()` or `this->pop_wait_until()` will return `closed`. Fibers blocked in `this->value_pop()` will receive an exception.

Throws:

  Nothing.

Note:

  `close()` is like closing a pipe. It informs waiting consumers that no more values will arrive.

##### Member function `push`()

    channel_op_status push( value_type const& va);
    channel_op_status push( value_type && va);

Effects:

  If channel is closed, returns `closed`. Otherwise enqueues the value in the channel, wakes up a fiber blocked on `this->pop()`, `this->value_pop()`, `this->pop_wait_for()` or `this->pop_wait_until()` and returns `success`. If the channel is full, the fiber is blocked.

Throws:

  Exceptions thrown by copy- or move-operations.

##### Member function `try_push`()

    channel_op_status try_push( value_type const& va);
    channel_op_status try_push( value_type && va);

Effects:

  If channel is closed, returns `closed`. Otherwise enqueues the value in the channel, wakes up a fiber blocked on `this->pop()`, `this->value_pop()`, `this->pop_wait_for()` or `this->pop_wait_until()` and returns `success`. If the channel is full, it doesn't block and returns `full`.

Throws:

  Exceptions thrown by copy- or move-operations.

##### Member function `pop`()

    channel_op_status pop( value_type & va);

Effects:

  Dequeues a value from the channel. If the channel is empty, the fiber gets suspended until at least one new item is `push()`ed (return value `success` and `va` contains dequeued value) or the channel gets `close()`d (return value `closed`).

Throws:

  Exceptions thrown by copy- or move-operations.

##### Member function `value_pop`()

    value_type value_pop();

Effects:

  Dequeues a value from the channel. If the channel is empty, the fiber gets suspended until at least one new item is `push()`ed or the channel gets `close()`d (which throws an exception).

Throws:

  `fiber_error` if `*this` is closed or by copy- or move-operations.

Error conditions:

  `std::errc::operation_not_permitted`

##### Member function `try_pop`()

    channel_op_status try_pop( value_type & va);

Effects:

  If channel is empty, returns `empty`. If channel is closed, returns `closed`. Otherwise it returns `success` and `va` contains the dequeued value.

Throws:

  Exceptions thrown by copy- or move-operations.

##### Member function `pop_wait_for`()

    template< typename Rep, typename Period >
    channel_op_status pop_wait_for(
        value_type & va,
        std::chrono::duration< Rep, Period > const& timeout_duration)

Effects:

  Accepts `std::chrono::duration` and internally computes a timeout time as (system time + `timeout_duration`). If channel is not empty, immediately dequeues a value from the channel. Otherwise the fiber gets suspended until at least one new item is `push()`ed (return value `success` and `va` contains dequeued value), or the channel gets `close()`d (return value `closed`), or the system time reaches the computed timeout time (return value `timeout`).

Throws:

  timeout-related exceptions or by copy- or move-operations.

##### Member function `pop_wait_until`()

    template< typename Clock, typename Duration >
    channel_op_status pop_wait_until(
        value_type & va,
        std::chrono::time_point< Clock, Duration > const& timeout_time)

Effects:

  Accepts a `std::chrono::time_point< Clock, Duration >`. If channel is not empty, immediately dequeues a value from the channel. Otherwise the fiber gets suspended until at least one new item is `push()`ed (return value `success` and `va` contains dequeued value), or the channel gets `close()`d (return value `closed`), or the system time reaches the passed `time_point` (return value `timeout`).

Throws:

  timeout-related exceptions or by copy- or move-operations.

###### Non-member function `begin( buffered_channel< T > &)`

    template< typename T >
    buffered_channel< T >::iterator begin( buffered_channel< T > &);

Returns:

  Returns a range-iterator (input-iterator).

###### Non-member function `end( buffered_channel< T > &)`

    template< typename T >
    buffered_channel< R >::iterator end( buffered_channel< T > &);

Returns:

  Returns an end range-iterator (input-iterator).