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olnited states at ent ()ffice. 
JAMES M. BEUGLER, OF WILLIAMSPORT, PENNSYLVANIA. 
Letters Patent No. 100,004, dated February 22, 1870. 
-ms-ope-on 
IMPROVEMENT IN ANGING CRANK-SEAFTS. 
--O---- 
The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same. 
-0-bh-e- 
To all whom it may concern: 
Be it known that I, JAMEs M. BEUGLER, of Wil 
liamsport, in the county of Lycoming, and State of 
Pennsylvania, have made a new and valuable In 
provenient to supercede the necessity of building strong 
and heavy foundations to secure Crank-Shafts in a 
fixed position, by allowing the crank end of the shaft 
to vibrate freely and accommodate itself to any throw 
or side movement caused by rapid motion, leavy la 
bor, &c.; and I do declare that the following is a full, 
clear, and exact description thereof, reference being 
had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this 
specification. 
To enable others skilled in the art to perform with 
my invention, I will proceed to describe its construc 
tion and operation. 
To use my invention for placing the crank-shaft in 
position for use, 
First, construct a frame, A, suitable for the pur 
poses intended to be accomplished by the power used. 
Second, hang to it the fiane B by bolts or ball-joints 
C; into the frame B place the boxes D; into the 
boxes D insert the crank-shaft E; on the end of the 
crank-shaft E place tie pulley F, the center of which 
tnust be on line with bolts or ball-joints C C; on the 
other end of the shaft place the crank-wheel and wrist 
pin, G. G, on which attach the pitman H. 
The dotted line I between C C represents the cen 
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' 
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ters of joint CC and pulley, F, on shaft E. The crank 
wle G must have sufficient counterbalance to equal 
the weight of the driven parts attached to the wrist 
pin G, which, when properly done will throw all vi 
brations laterally on box D, which when allowed to 
moye or vibrate laterally, as herein described, will do 
away with all other foundations for crank-shafts, ex 
cept to support the machine and work. 
Having described a swing frame with the box D 
firmly attached thereto, and the crank-shaft E placed 
therein to attain the object desired, I do not wish to 
be confined to that particular form of machinery, as 
the same may be attained by allowing the box D. on 
the crank end of the shaft to slide in a slot prepared 
for it, or other devices, to allow the shaft to vibrate 
laterally. 
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pat 
ent, is 
The application to crank-shafts of a swinging or slid 
ing-box which will allow the crank-shaft to vibrate 
freely of its own accord, as herein described. 
Witness my hand and seal in the matter of my ap 
plication for Letter's Patent on improvemeut in lang 
ing crank-shafts. 
JAMES M. BEUGLER. L. s. 
Witnesses: 
GEO. R. WoSBURG, 
JOHN DUBOIS, 
 

/Volumes/External/txt/0100000-0137030/US100005.txt	finited states patent (office. 
MARCAR WAHRAM BEYLIKGY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. 
Letters Patent No. 100,005, dated February 22, 1870. 
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF waTER-Proof FABRICS FROM wasTE 
RUBBER. 
The Schedule referred to in these setters Patent and making part of the same 
To all avion, it may concern: 
Be it known that I, MARCAR WAHRAM BEYLIKGY, 
of the city, gounty, and State of New York, have in 
vented a new and useful improvement in the Manu 
facture of Water-Proof Fabrics from Refuse Rubber; 
and I do hereby, declare that the following is a full, 
clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable 
otile's skilled in the art to make and use the sane. 
The object of this invention is to utilize the shav 
ings and refuse of rubber goods in the production of a 
new and useful fabric. 
It is well known that ordinary vulcanized caoutchouc 
ceases to soluble by the same liquids which dissolved 
it before, but that such liquids will only cause the rub 
ber to swell and soften. When the liquid is evapo 
rated the rubber will become as hard as before, and re 
sume the original form. 
When the vulcalized rubber is for a number of days 
exposed to a temperature of about 2500 Fahrenheit, 
it undergoes some structural transformation, loosing 
its rigidity and tellacity, and becoming an adhesive 
mass isoluble in water and alcolhol, partially soluble 
in ether, but wholly soluble in heated tupentine oil, 
benzole, caloutchoucine, and other essential oils. 
This softened rubber which I shall call caoutchou 
cite, to distinguish it from the ordinary rubber, of whiclh 
it appears to be only all isolmeric modification, is suscep 
tible of vulcanization by any of the well-known pro 
cesses of sulphurizing. It only requires higher tem 
perature or more time than for the vulcanization of 
ordinary rubber. The product will be as little adhe 
sive and soluble, but less tough, as ordinary vulcall 
ized rubber. 
The cauutcloucite may be vulcanized like ca.out. 
chout: at ordinary temperature under the action of chlo 
ride of sulphur diluted with sixty and even a hundred 
times its weight of sulphide of carbon. This can, 
however, not be dune if the caoutchoucite is dissolved 
in turpentine oil unless reactive meditlin is in large 
excess. 
The caoutchoucite is left for a number of days in 
the oil of turpentine, the same being mixed with a . 
strong solution of potassa or soda. The rubber then 
coagulates into a jelly, which separates an elastic 
aid sutaewhat tenacious pellicle on boiling the mix 
ture. This fict shows that under some circumstances 
the caoutchoucite may be vulcanized with its original 
quantity of sulphur at a comparatively lower temper 
ature than is otherwise required. 
The said properties of the caoutclhoucite of being 
adhesive and soluble in many ordinary dissolvents, as 
well as the facility of vulcanizing in the ordinary man 
ner, and thus to obtain the properties of collinon vul 
canized rubber will make it a valuable article for many 
, 
purposes, but especially for the manufacture of water 
proof fabrics and as water-proof layers for fabrics. 
The refuse rulober can thus be utilized in soline inn 
portant manufactures, while at present they are en 
tirely lost in vast quantities. 
The following is a description of the method of vul 
canizing the cauutchoucite and of applying it to fabrics: 
The shavings or any kind of destroyed fabrics or re 
fuse of ordinary vulcanized rubber are first cut into 
small pieces, and put into a vessel with so much recti 
fied oil of turpentine that they are entirely submerged 
in the liquid. 
After the rubber has been covered with its lid, heat 
is applied by suitable means to produce a constant 
temperature of about 230Fahrenheit. While heated, 
the mixture is stirred by a rapid motion of an agitator 
of suitable construction, rotated by suitable means. 
The rubber decreases in bulk and finally dissolves in 
tle oil; more rubber is then added, and the digestion 
continued until the dissolution is accomplished, which 
will last no longer than ten or twelve hours. The ves 
sel is then connected with the condensing chamber of 
a still, in order to recover most of the oil of turpentine. 
This distillation cannot be carried on at the tempera 
ture corresponding to the boiling point of the oil of 
turpentine in the ordinary condition of atmospheric 
pressure, experience having shown that in that tem 
perature the two kinds of hydrocarbon which consti 
tute the rubber are. separated, the less soluble part 
being thrown to the bottom, the rubber having lost 
its quality, and the components being no more uni 
formly diffused throughout the whole mass. 
The distillation should therefore be performed at a 
temperature not exceeding 230Fahrenheit, in a cor 
responding vacuum. The process may be greatly sim 
plified by distilling with steam, which runs through 
the boiling vessel, evaporates the oil of turpentine, 
which separates spontaneously on condensing the va 
porous mixture. But the consumption of fuel will in 
this case be far more considerable for a given amount 
of rubber, than what is necessary for the motion of an 
air-pump. 
The residue of distillation is caoutchoucite varnish, 
more or less pure according to the quality of materials 
employed. 
ly the foregoing process, the transformation of vul 
canized caoutchouc into caoutchoucite is considerably 
facilitated, and may be still more accelerated by the 
addition of dissolvent agents in place of mere expos 
ure to the dry leat. This method has still another 
advantage of purifying the rubber and separating it 
from the foreign matters with which many fabrics are 
mixed. For this purpose the solution is strained and 
decanted before it is aliowed to concentrate. The sep 
co,005 
bon; the second with alcohol containing a shall quan 
tity of ammonia, and the last with water. The fabrics 
remain about ten minutes in each reservoir, and they 
are by the contents of the same vulcanized and washed. 
Finally they are dried by exposure to dry heat of about 
1159 Fallenleit. 
The object of the above combinationisin the first place 
the recovering of the sulphide of carbon in distilling 
the alcohol after it has been saturated. The alcohol 
will be also recovered by distilling the water, so that 
the fabrics may at once be dried. The rubber layer 
swelled by sulphide of carbon cannot be dried speedily, 
as the expansive power of that fluid would burst the 
layer and injure the fabrics. 
For want of sulphide of carbon, chloroform or crude 
benzole may be used, and methylic alcoliol may be 
used for ethylic. 
Having thus described my invention, 
I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters 
Patent 
1. The herein-described method of utilizing refuse 
rubber by applying it to the manufacture of water 
proof fabrics, as set forth. 
2. The regained rubber refuse called caoutcluoncite, 
obtained substantially in the nanner herein shown 
and described. 
3. The herein-described method of recovering the 
solvent of chloride of sulphur after the same has been 
used for vulcanizing rubber, as set forth. 
The above specification of my invention signed by 
me this 29th day of IDecember, 1869. 
MARCAR WAHRAM BEYLIKGY. 
s 
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Witnesses: 
GEO. W. MABEE, 
ALEX. F. ROBERTS. 
aration of coloring matters is unnecessary for black 
colored varnishes, so that destroyed rubber shoes may 
be regarded as the most economical black-coloring ma 
terial. 
The caoutchoucite may as aforementioned be vul 
canized either by hot or cold way. To apply, the first 
process, the best way is to effect the complete separa 
tion of two components of caoutchoucite, in order to 
perform the vulcanization at lower temperature and in 
slhorter time. For this purpose, as soon as the dissolu 
tion of rubber in the oil of turpentine is completed 
and the stirrer arrested and the boiler connected with 
still, the temperature is raised to the boiling-point of 
turpentine oil, and the varnish kept in full ebullition 
for about half an hour and left to cool. After the in 
soluble part is precipitated, which is completed in two 
or three days, the clear solution is drawn off and sub 
mitted to concentration in the manner above described. 
The solution is, however, previously mixed with three 
pounds of sulphur for every hundred weight of rubber 
employed. When the varnish has acquired the necessary 
thickness it is removed from the boiler. 
After the fabrics have been overlaid with this war 
nish, they are submitted to heat, which is gradually 
increased from 212 to 390 Fahrenheit during about 
one hour. Only that side of the cloth fabric which 
is covered with the rubber layer should be exposed to 
the leat. 
For the vulcanization in ordinary temperature, the 
caoutchoucite is reduced to a thick varnish, no sepa 
ration of its ingredients nor addition of sulphur being 
required. After the fabrics are overlaid with and dried, 
they are immersed successively in three reservoirs, 
which are connected with each other; the first being 
filled with a mixture of one part of chloride of sulphur 
with eighty or one hundred parts of sulphide of car 
 

/Volumes/External/txt/0100000-0137030/US100006.txt	t lnited states latent ()ffice. 
HENRY L. BOWERS, OF HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. 
Letters Patent No. 100,006, dated February 22, 1870. 
-es-80 pXIm 
IMPROVEMENT IN CELLAR-BIOIST OR ELEVATOR. 
--KOs 
"he Schedule referred to in these tetters Patent and making part of the same. 
--(0. b)--- 
. 
. 
To all vihom it may concern: 
Be it known that I, HENRY L. BowERs, of the 
city of Harrisburg, in the county of Dauphin, and 
State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and use 
ful improvement, consisting of a "Cellar-Hoistor El 
evator and "Cellar Stairs or Steps'combined. 
The construction of the same, and manner of com 
bination and arrangement, I will proceed to describe. 
The drawing represents a perspective view of the 
device in position for operation. 
The essential feature of novelty in-this invention 
consists in providing a compact, convenient, and pow 
elful hoisting macline, that will always be ready for 
use, and coubining the sane with cellar stairs or 
steps, substantially as follows: 
The uprights or side supports B B of the stairs 
are made of timber sufficiently strong for the purpose. 
They are given a proper degree of inclination from a 
vertical position, and rest upon a proper foundation, 
their pper ends being securely fastened to the sill D. 
The Said pieces B B have their front edges grooved 
or chanieled out, as seen at u u in the drawing. 
These grooves are intended to act as a guide-way for 
tle lloisting table A. 
Said table is made substantially as shown in the 
drawing. 
That portion of the frame-work of the table A that 
bears against the pieces B B has tongues formed upon 
it to enter into and slide easily in the grooves in said 
pieces when in position, thus retaining and guiding 
tlie table when it is loisted or lowered. 
Upon each side of the frame of table A, at a point, 
s, ropes or chains b b are rigidly securell by their 
ends. Said ropes or chains are carried up over the 
groeved wheels n. n. These wheels are secured to the 
outside surfaces of the pieces B B, and near their up 
per ends, in such a manuer as to permit them to turn 
reely upon the studs or bolts that. secure them in 
place. 
The ropes or chains b b are made fast to the barrel 
shaft c of the winch or crane-gear. Said winch or 
huisting gear is constructed substantially as is shown 
in the drawing, and consists of a barrel shaft, c, and 
driving shaft d, that are supported by suitable hang 
(IS. 
Upon one end of the shaft c a large gear-wheel, o, is 
secured. A small pinin, r, that is fastened to the 
driving shaft d, meshes into the wheel o, as is shown. 
Upon the opposite end of the shaft d a crank, e, is 
secured. 
A ratchet-wheel, i, in which the click or pawl p 
catches, is also fastened in place upon the shaft d, im 
mediately in the rear of the crank e. 
i 
. 
- The supporting hangers are connected so that the 
entire winch is in a compact and portable form. It . 
is bolted or otherwise properly secured to the joists or 
other suitable timbers in-the cellar, overhead, so that 
the handle of the crank e is accessible from the floor. 
The position given the said winch should be directly 
opposite to or in a straight line in the rear of the 
cellar stairs, so that.-the ropes b b will train in a cor 
reet mannel. 
The stepsia a a, &c., should be set back a short 
distance from the front edge of the uprights B B, so 
as to permit the table A to pass their front edges 
readily. 
The uprights B B' should have their lower ends let 
into the bottom of the cellar up to the dotted line E 
F. The lower portion or frame-work of the table A 
should also b sunk a similar depth, a proper excava 
tion being made to permit the same. This should be 
walled or planked upon its sides, so as to prevent dirt 
from falling in and obstructing the table. 
This plan of construction will bring the top of the: 
table A on a line with the bottom of the cellar. In 
fact, if it is floored, the table will form a portion of the 
floor. 
In using this device, weighty articles can be placed 
upon the table with great ease, either for elevating 
tlem from the cellar floor to the street, or for lower 
, ing them from the street into the cellar. 
By the operation of the winch C, the hoisting and 
lowering is rendered easy and secure, as the ratchet 
wheel acts as a guard to prevent slipping, and enables 
the operator to arrest the ascent ordescent of the ar 
ticle at any point desired. 
The frame-work of the hoisting table A may be 
provided with small wheels or rollers, with flanges, to 
run upon the front faces of the uprights B B. The 
grooves in the faces of the uprights can then be dis 
pensed with, as well as the tongues upon the frame. 
I do not desire to claim broadly the general appli 
cation of a winch to an elevator, as I am aware that 
it has been so applied; but 
What I do clain as new, of my invention, and de 
sire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 
1S 
The peculiar combination and arrangement of the 
elevating table A, stair upriglits B B, and winch C, 
the whole constructed and operating substantially as 
herein set forth. 
.. 
HENRY L. BOWERS. (L. s.) 
Witnesses: 
WM. P. PATToN, 
HERVEY. E. SMITH. 
I 

