Parameters are indexed by the sets defined above and used to specify input data. In the leftmost column below, the subscripts indicate the sets used to index the parameter. As with sets, we categorize parameters thematically and present them below in separate tables.

Below are the time-related parameters.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{SFS}_s\)	time_season	segment_fraction_per_season	per-season year fraction; loaded from the segment_fraction column of time_season
	time_of_day	time_of_day_hours	hours per time-of-day segment; loaded from the hours column of time_of_day (default 1)
\(\text{SEG}_{s,d}\)	(computed)	segment_fraction	fraction of year represented by each (s, d) tuple; computed as segment_fraction_per_season(s) × hours(d) / Σ hours
	(config)	time_sequencing	time sequencing mode: consecutive_days, seasonal_timeslices (default), representative_periods, or manual
	(config)	days_per_period	number of days per period (default: 365); set as a top-level key in the configuration TOML file, not in the database
\(\text{SFS}_{s^{seq}}\)	time_season_sequential	segment_fraction_per_sequential_season	per-sequential-season year fraction; loaded from the segment_fraction column of time_season_sequential

Parameters in the table below relate to capacity and its performance characteristics.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{C2A}_{r,t}\)	capacity_to_activity	capacity_to_activity	converts from capacity to activity units
\(\text{CC}_{r,p,t,v}\)	capacity_credit	capacity_credit	process-specific capacity credit used in the static reserve margin constraint
\(\text{CFT}_{r,s,d,t}\)	capacity_factor_tech	capacity_factor_tech	technology-specific capacity factor
\(\text{CFP}_{r,s,d,t,v}\)	capacity_factor_process	capacity_factor_process	process-specific capacity factor; allows capacity factor to change with technology vintage
\(\text{ECAP}_{r,t,v}\)	existing_capacity	existing_capacity	installed capacity that exists prior to first model time period
\(\text{PRM}_{r}\)	planning_reserve_margin	planning_reserve_margin	planning reserve margin used to ensure sufficient generating capacity
\(\text{RCD}_{r,s,t,v}\)	reserve_capacity_derate	reserve_capacity_derate	capacity derate factor for dynamic reserve margin constraint
\(\text{RUH}_{r,t}\)	ramp_up_hourly	ramp_up_hourly	hourly rate at which generation techs can ramp output up
\(\text{RDH}_{r,t}\)	ramp_down_hourly	ramp_down_hourly	hourly rate at which generation techs can ramp output down

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of costs.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{CF}_{r,p,t,v}\)	cost_fixed	cost_fixed	fixed operations & maintenance cost
\(\text{CI}_{r,t,v}\)	cost_invest	cost_invest	tech-specific investment cost
\(\text{CV}_{r,p,t,v}\)	cost_variable	cost_variable	variable operations & maintenance (O&M) cost
\(\text{CE}_{r,p,e}\)	cost_emission	cost_emission	emission costs
\(\text{GDR}\)	metadata_real	global_discount_rate	global rate used to convert future time period costs to the present cost
\(\text{DLR}\)	metadata_real	default_loan_rate	default loan rate used to amortize investment costs
\(\text{LLP}_{r,t,v}\)	loan_lifetime_process	loan_lifetime_process	process-specific loan term (default=lifetime_process)
\(\text{LR}_{r,t,v}\)	loan_rate	loan_rate	process-specific interest rate on investment cost

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of technology efficiency and performance.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{EFF}_{r,i,t,v,o}\)	efficiency	efficiency	technology- and commodity-specific conversion efficiency
\(\text{EFFV}_{r,s,d,i,t,v,o}\)	efficiency_variable	efficiency_variable	optional time slice multiplier on efficiency (no period index; applies to all periods)
\(\text{LTT}_{r,t}\)	lifetime_tech	lifetime_tech	technology-specific lifetime (default=40 years)
\(\text{LTP}_{r,t,v}\)	lifetime_process	lifetime_process	tech- and vintage-specific lifetime (default=lifetime_tech)
\(\text{LSC}_{r,p,t,v}\)	lifetime_survival_curve	lifetime_survival_curve	surviving fraction of original capacity
\(\text{SD}_{r,t}\)	storage_duration	storage_duration	storage duration per technology, specified in hours

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of end-use demands.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{DEM}_{r,p,c}\)	demand	demand	end-use demand by region-period-commodity
\(\text{DSD}_{r,s,d,c}\)	demand_specific_distribution	demand_specific_distribution	fractional annual demand by time slice (s,d)

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of emissions.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{EAC}_{r,e,i,t,v,o}\)	emission_activity	emission_activity	activity-based emissions rate
\(\text{EE}_{r,t,v,e}\)	emission_embodied	emission_embodied	emissions associated with the creation of capacity; embodied emissions
\(\text{EEOL}_{r,t,v,e}\)	emission_end_of_life	emission_end_of_life	emissions associated with the retirement/end of life of capacity

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of absolute limits on capacity, activity and emissions.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{LC}_{r,p,t}\)	limit_capacity	limit_capacity	limit on capacity by period; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LNC}_{r,t,v}\)	limit_new_capacity	limit_new_capacity	limit on new capacity deployment by vintage; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LA}_{r,p,t}\)	limit_activity	limit_activity	limit on activity by region and period; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LE}_{r,p,e}\)	limit_emission	limit_emission	limit on emissions by region and period
\(\text{LS}_{r,t}\)	limit_resource	limit_resource	cumulative activity limit across time periods (not supported in myopic); tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of growth and degrowth limits.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{LGC}_{r,t}\)	limit_growth_capacity	limit_growth_capacity	capacity growth rate limits; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LDGC}_{r,t}\)	limit_degrowth_capacity	limit_degrowth_capacity	capacity degrowth rate limits; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LGNC}_{r,t}\)	limit_growth_new_capacity	limit_growth_new_capacity	new capacity growth rate limits; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LDGNC}_{r,t}\)	limit_degrowth_new_capacity	limit_degrowth_new_capacity	new capacity degrowth rate limits; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\mathrm{LGNC}_{\Delta,r,t}\)	limit_growth_new_capacity_delta	limit_growth_new_capacity_delta	new capacity growth acceleration limits; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\mathrm{LDGNC}_{\Delta,r,t}\)	limit_degrowth_new_capacity_delta	limit_degrowth_new_capacity_delta	new capacity degrowth deceleration limits; tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of operational and split limits.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{LACF}_{r,t,v,o}\)	limit_annual_capacity_factor	limit_annual_capacity_factor	annual capacity factor limits; indexed by vintage (not period); tech_or_group column accepts a technology name or group name
\(\text{LSCF}_{r,s,t}\)	limit_seasonal_capacity_factor	limit_seasonal_capacity_factor	seasonal capacity factor limits (no period index; applies to all periods)
\(\text{LSF}_{r,s,d,t}\)	limit_storage_level_fraction	limit_storage_fraction	limit on storage level in any time slice
\(\text{TIS}_{r,p,i,t}\)	limit_tech_input_split	limit_tech_input_split	technology input split constraints specifying input fuel ratio at time slice level
\(\text{TISA}_{r,p,i,t}\)	limit_tech_input_split_annual	limit_tech_input_split_annual	technology input split constraints specifying input fuel ratio at average annual level
\(\text{TOS}_{r,p,t,o}\)	limit_tech_output_split	limit_tech_output_split	technology split constraints specifying output fuel ratio at time slice level
\(\text{TOSA}_{r,p,t,o}\)	limit_tech_output_split_annual	limit_tech_output_split_annual	technology split constraints specifying output fuel ratio at average annual level

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of share limits.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{LCS}_{r,p,g_1,g_2}\)	limit_capacity_share	limit_capacity_share	capacity share limits between technology groups
\(\text{LAS}_{r,p,g_1,g_2}\)	limit_activity_share	limit_activity_share	activity share limits between technology groups
\(\text{LNCS}_{r,g_1,g_2,v}\)	limit_new_capacity_share	limit_new_capacity_share	new capacity share limits

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of policy.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
	rps_requirement	renewable_portfolio_standard	[Deprecated] RPS requirements; use limit_activity_share instead
\(\text{LIT}_{r,t,e,t'}\)	linked_tech	linked_techs	dummy techs used to convert CO2 emissions to physical commodity

Parameters in the table below relate to the specification of construction and end-of-life.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\(\text{CON}_{r,i,t,v}\)	construction_input	construction_input	construction input requirements that represent commodities consumed by creation of process capacity
\(\text{EOLO}_{r,t,v,o}\)	end_of_life_output	end_of_life_output	end-of-life outputs that represent commodities produced by retirement/end of life of capacity

Parameters in the table below are computed in code (i.e., model-derived) and therefore do not appear in the database.

Parameter	Database Table	Model Element	Notes
\({}^*\text{LEN}_p\)		period_length	number of years in period \(p\); computed from time periods
\({}^*\text{LA}_{t,v}\)		loan_annualize	loan amortization by tech and vintage; based on \(DR_t\); computed from loan rate and lifetime
\({}^*\text{PLF}_{r,p,t,v}\)		process_life_frac	fraction of available process capacity by region and period; computed from process life fraction

The tables below specify model outputs. When constructing a new database, they are left blank. These tables are auto-populated by the model after successful run completion.

• output_dual_variable

• output_objective

• output_curtailment

• output_net_capacity

• output_built_capacity

• output_retired_capacity

• output_flow_in

• output_flow_out

• output_flow_out_summary

• output_storage_level

• output_emission

• output_cost

Finally, the database tables below do not have a directed mapping to the model code.

Database Table	Purpose	Notes
myopic_efficiency	Myopic mode efficiency	alternative efficiency for myopic optimization
sector_label	Sectoral classification	used in output tables only