Claude Code transcript - page 1/4

[
  {
    "type": "text",
    "text": "Excellent! Now I have a comprehensive understanding. Let me create a detailed summary document:\n\n## Comprehensive Overview of the Concierge Go Project\n\nBased on my exploration of the Concierge project, here's a complete breakdown to help you recreate it in Python:\n\n---\n\n### 1. **Project Purpose**\n\n**Concierge** is an opinionated utility for provisioning charm development and testing machines. It:\n- Ensures a machine has relevant \"craft\" tools and providers installed\n- Bootstraps Juju controllers onto each configured provider\n- Installs selected tools from the Snap Store or Ubuntu archive\n- Can restore (un-provision) a machine to reverse the setup process\n\n**Use Cases:**\n- Charm developers setting up development environments\n- CI/CD pipelines provisioning test machines\n- Setting up environments for Kubernetes charm testing\n- Standardizing machine configurations across teams\n\n---\n\n### 2. **Overall Architecture and Structure**\n\nThe project follows a **layered, modular architecture**:\n\n```\n/home/ubuntu/concierge/\n├── main.go                          # Entry point\n├── cmd/                             # CLI command handlers (Cobra)\n│   ├── root.go\n│   ├── prepare.go                  # Main provisioning command\n│   ├── restore.go                  # Reverse/cleanup command\n│   └── status.go                   # Check provisioning status\n├── internal/\n│   ├── concierge/                  # Core orchestration logic\n│   │   ├── manager.go              # Main execution manager\n│   │   ├── plan.go                 # Execution plan generator\n│   │   ├── executable.go           # Common interface (Prepare/Restore)\n│   │   ├── plan_validators.go      # Validation logic\n│   │   └── plan_test.go\n│   ├── config/                     # Configuration parsing & presets\n│   │   ├── config.go               # Config struct & loading\n│   │   ├── config_format.go        # Data structures\n│   │   ├── presets.go              # Built-in presets (dev, k8s, machine, etc.)\n│   │   ├── overrides.go            # CLI/env var overrides\n│   │   └── util.go\n│   ├── system/                     # System command execution wrapper\n│   │   ├── runner.go               # Command runner with retries, mutexes\n│   │   ├── command.go              # Command struct\n│   │   ├── interface.go            # Worker interface\n│   │   ├── snap.go                 # Snap info lookup\n│   │   └── mock_system.go          # Test mocks\n│   ├── packages/                   # Package managers\n│   │   ├── snap_handler.go         # Snap install/remove\n│   │   ├── deb_handler.go          # APT package install/remove\n│   │   └── *_test.go\n│   ├── providers/                  # Cloud/k8s providers\n│   │   ├── providers.go            # Provider interface\n│   │   ├── lxd.go                  # LXD provider\n│   │   ├── microk8s.go             # MicroK8s provider\n│   │   ├── k8s.go                  # Kubernetes provider\n│   │   ├── google.go               # Google Cloud provider\n│   │   └── *_test.go\n│   └── juju/                       # Juju bootstrap logic\n│       ├── juju.go                 # Juju installation & bootstrap\n│       └── juju_test.go\n├── tests/                          # Spread integration tests\n│   ├── preset-dev/\n│   ├── preset-machine/\n│   ├── preset-k8s/\n│   ├── preset-microk8s/\n│   ├── preset-crafts/\n│   ├── provider-lxd/\n│   ├── provider-microk8s/\n│   ├── provider-k8s/\n│   ├── provider-google/\n│   ├── extra-snaps/\n│   ├── extra-debs/\n│   └── ... (25+ test scenarios)\n├── go.mod                          # Dependencies\n├── spread.yaml                     # Integration test config\n└── .goreleaser.yaml                # Release config\n```\n\n**Total Code:** ~4,191 lines of Go code across 40+ files\n\n---\n\n### 3. **Main Components and Packages**\n\n#### **3.1 CMD (Command Line Interface) - Cobra-based CLI**\n- **Root Command** (`root.go`): Sets up global flags (`--verbose`, `--trace`)\n- **Prepare Command** (`prepare.go`):\n  - Main provisioning entry point\n  - Options: preset (`-p`), config file (`-c`), various channel overrides\n  - Flags for extra snaps/debs and provider-specific settings\n  - Validates preset and config file aren't used together\n- **Restore Command** (`restore.go`): Reverses the prepare operation\n- **Status Command** (`status.go`): Reports provisioning status (provisioning|succeeded|failed)\n\n#### **3.2 CONFIG (Configuration Management)**\n**Key Concepts:**\n- **Presets**: Built-in configurations for common use cases\n  - `dev`: Full developer setup (Juju + K8s + LXD + all crafts)\n  - `k8s`: Kubernetes charm development\n  - `microk8s`: MicroK8s charm development\n  - `machine`: Machine charm development\n  - `crafts`: Only craft tools, no Juju/providers\n\n- **Config File Format** (YAML):\n  ```yaml\n  juju:\n    disable: bool\n    channel: string\n    agent-version: string\n    model-defaults: map[string]string\n    bootstrap-constraints: map[string]string\n    extra-bootstrap-args: string\n  \n  providers:\n    lxd:\n      enable: bool\n      bootstrap: bool\n      channel: string\n      model-defaults: map\n      bootstrap-constraints: map\n    \n    microk8s:\n      enable: bool\n      bootstrap: bool\n      channel: string\n      addons: list[string]\n      model-defaults: map\n      bootstrap-constraints: map\n    \n    k8s:\n      enable: bool\n      bootstrap: bool\n      channel: string\n      features: map[string]map[string]string\n      model-defaults: map\n      bootstrap-constraints: map\n    \n    google:\n      enable: bool\n      bootstrap: bool\n      credentials-file: string\n      model-defaults: map\n      bootstrap-constraints: map\n  \n  host:\n    packages: list[string]\n    snaps:\n      snap-name:\n        channel: string\n        connections: list[string]\n  ```\n\n- **Overrides Priority**: Env vars > CLI flags > Config file > Defaults\n  - Environment variables use `CONCIERGE_` prefix\n  - Example: `CONCIERGE_JUJU_CHANNEL=3.6/beta`\n\n#### **3.3 SYSTEM (System Abstraction Layer)**\n**Worker Interface** - Abstracts system operations:\n```go\ntype Worker interface {\n    User() *user.User\n    Run(c *Command) ([]byte, error)\n    RunMany(commands ...*Command) error\n    RunExclusive(c *Command) ([]byte, error)  // Mutex-based single execution\n    RunWithRetries(c *Command, maxDuration time.Duration) ([]byte, error)\n    WriteHomeDirFile(filepath string, contents []byte) error\n    MkHomeSubdirectory(subdirectory string) error\n    RemoveAllHome(filePath string) error\n    ReadHomeDirFile(filepath string) ([]byte, error)\n    ReadFile(filePath string) ([]byte, error)\n    SnapInfo(snap string, channel string) (*SnapInfo, error)\n    SnapChannels(snap string) ([]string, error)\n}\n```\n\n**Key Features:**\n- Command execution with sudo support\n- Retry logic with exponential backoff (starts at 1 second)\n- Exclusive command execution (mutex per command)\n- Home directory file operations relative to the \"real user\"\n- Snap store API integration via snapd client\n\n#### **3.4 PACKAGES (APT/Snap Management)**\n- **SnapHandler**: Installs/removes snaps\n  - Looks up snap info (classic flag, installation status)\n  - Installs or refreshes based on channel\n  - Creates snap interface connections\n  - Implements `Executable` interface (Prepare/Restore)\n\n- **DebHandler**: Manages APT packages\n  - Updates apt cache before install\n  - Uses exclusive locking for apt-get\n  - Runs autoremove after package removal\n  - Implements `Executable` interface\n\n#### **3.5 PROVIDERS (Cloud/K8s Providers)**\n**Provider Interface**:\n```go\ntype Provider interface {\n    Prepare() error\n    Restore() error\n    Name() string\n    Bootstrap() bool\n    CloudName() string\n    GroupName() string\n    Credentials() map[string]interface{}\n    ModelDefaults() map[string]string\n    BootstrapConstraints() map[string]string\n}\n```\n\n**Implementations:**\n1. **LXD Provider** (`lxd.go`)\n   - Installs LXD snap\n   - Initializes LXD with default profile\n   - Enables non-root user access via `lxd` group\n   - Deconflicts firewall rules with Docker\n   - CloudName: \"localhost\"\n\n2. **MicroK8s Provider** (`microk8s.go`)\n   - Installs microk8s and kubectl snaps\n   - Enables specified addons (hostpath-storage, dns, rbac, metallb)\n   - Sets up kubeconfig for non-root access\n   - Computes default channel based on latest available version\n\n3. **K8s Provider** (`k8s.go`)\n   - Installs Kubernetes snap\n   - Configures features (load-balancer, local-storage, network)\n   - Sets up kubectl access\n\n4. **Google Cloud Provider** (`google.go`)\n   - Manages Google Cloud credentials\n   - Registers credentials with Juju\n\n#### **3.6 JUJU (Juju Bootstrap)**\n**JujuHandler**:\n- Installs Juju snap from specified channel\n- Writes credentials file for each provider\n- Bootstraps Juju controller on each enabled provider\n- Supports custom agent versions, model defaults, bootstrap constraints\n- Handles extra bootstrap arguments with shell-style parsing\n- Cleans up controllers on restore\n\n#### **3.7 CONCIERGE (Core Orchestration)**\n**Manager**:\n- Entry point for prepare/restore operations\n- Records runtime configuration to `~/.cache/concierge/concierge.yaml`\n- Loads previous configuration for restore\n- Reports status (provisioning/succeeded/failed)\n\n**Plan**:\n- Generates execution plan from config\n- Collects snaps, debs, and providers\n- Validates plan before execution\n- **Executes concurrently**:\n  - Snaps and debs in parallel (errgroup)\n  - All providers in parallel\n  - Juju sequentially (after providers)\n\n**Executable Interface**:\n```go\ntype Executable interface {\n    Prepare() error\n    Restore() error\n}\n```\n\nAll components implement this interface for polymorphic execution.\n\n---\n\n### 4. **Key Features and Functionality**\n\n| Feature | Implementation |\n|---------|----------------|\n| **Multi-Provider Support** | LXD, MicroK8s, K8s, Google Cloud |\n| **Concurrent Execution** | Uses `golang.org/x/sync/errgroup` for parallel tasks |\n| **Package Management** | Snap Store + APT/Ubuntu archive |\n| **Configuration Flexibility** | YAML presets + file-based config + CLI overrides |\n| **Snap Interface Connections** | Custom snap plug/socket connections |\n| **Retry Logic** | Exponential backoff for flaky operations |\n| **Exclusive Locking** | Prevents concurrent apt/snap operations |\n| **Snap Store Integration** | Snapd client API for availability checks |\n| **State Persistence** | Cached config enables restore operations |\n| **Non-Root Access** | Creates user groups for provider access |\n| **Shell Command Parsing** | Supports arbitrary extra bootstrap args |\n| **Status Reporting** | Three-state status tracking |\n| **Trace Logging** | Optional command output logging for debugging |\n\n---\n\n### 5. **External Dependencies**\n\n**Key Dependencies** (from go.mod):\n```\ngithub.com/canonical/x-go                    - Canonical utilities (shlex parsing)\ngithub.com/fatih/color                       - Colored output\ngithub.com/sethvargo/go-retry                - Retry logic with backoff\ngithub.com/snapcore/snapd                    - Snap store client API\ngithub.com/spf13/cobra                       - CLI framework\ngithub.com/spf13/pflag                       - Flag parsing\ngithub.com/spf13/viper                       - Configuration management\ngolang.org/x/sync                            - Concurrency primitives (errgroup)\ngopkg.in/yaml.v3                             - YAML parsing/marshaling\n```\n\n**Runtime Dependencies:**\n- `snap` command (for snap operations)\n- `apt-get` / `apt` (for package management)\n- `sudo` (for privilege escalation)\n- `juju` command (installed as snap)\n- Provider CLIs: `lxd`, `microk8s`, `kubectl`\n\n---\n\n### 6. **Tests**\n\n**Test Types:**\n1. **Unit Tests** (Go testing package)\n   - `config_test.go`: Config parsing, flag-to-env-var mapping, map merging\n   - `snap_handler_test.go`: Mock-based snap installation/removal tests\n   - `deb_handler_test.go`: Mock-based APT operations\n   - `plan_test.go`: Plan execution logic\n   - `system/mock_system.go`: Mock system for testing\n   - `providers/*_test.go`: Provider-specific logic\n\n2. **Integration Tests** (Spread Framework)\n   - **25+ test scenarios** covering:\n     - All 5 presets (dev, k8s, microk8s, machine, crafts)\n     - All 4 providers (lxd, microk8s, k8s, google)\n     - Extra snaps/debs installation\n     - Environment variable overrides\n     - Flag precedence\n     - Juju configuration (model-defaults, bootstrap-constraints, extra-bootstrap-args)\n     - Disable Juju scenarios\n     - Restore functionality\n     - Status reporting\n   \n   **Test Format** (Task YAML):\n   ```yaml\n   summary: Test description\n   systems:\n     - ubuntu-24.04\n   execute: |\n     # Test commands\n   restore: |\n     # Cleanup commands\n   ```\n\n   **Test Backends:**\n   - **LXD**: Creates VMs for isolated testing\n   - **GitHub-CI**: Manual provisioning on runners\n\n   **Test Infrastructure:**\n   - Spread framework for orchestration\n   - Cloud-init for VM provisioning\n   - Environment variable injection\n   - Regex pattern matching for output verification\n\n---\n\n### 7. **Architecture Patterns and Design**\n\n**Key Design Patterns:**\n\n1. **Dependency Injection**\n   - `Worker` interface injected into components\n   - Enables testability via mocks\n   - All system operations go through single abstraction\n\n2. **Strategy Pattern (Executable)**\n   - Common interface for all executable components\n   - `DoAction()` dispatcher function\n   - Enables polymorphic prepare/restore execution\n\n3. **Factory Pattern**\n   - `NewProvider()` creates providers by name\n   - `NewSnapHandler()`, `NewDebHandler()` factories\n\n4. **Builder Pattern**\n   - `Plan` builds from configuration\n   - Collects snaps, debs, providers with overrides\n\n5. **Mutex-Protected Resources**\n   - Command-level exclusive execution\n   - Prevents concurrent apt/snap operations\n\n6. **Configuration Layering**\n   - Presets as base\n   - Config file override\n   - CLI flags/env vars override\n   - Clean separation of concerns\n\n---\n\n### 8. **Data Flow**\n\n```\nCLI Input (Flags/Env Vars)\n    ↓\nConfig File (YAML)\n    ↓\nPreset Selection\n    ↓\nConfig Merging (Preset → File → Overrides)\n    ↓\nManager Creation\n    ↓\nPlan Generation (Snaps + Debs + Providers)\n    ↓\nPlan Validation\n    ↓\nConcurrent Execution:\n├─ SnapHandler.Prepare() [Snap Store]\n├─ DebHandler.Prepare()  [APT Repository]\n├─ Provider[1].Prepare() [Cloud Provider]\n├─ Provider[2].Prepare()\n├─ ...\n└─ JujuHandler.Prepare() [Juju Bootstrap]\n    ↓\nStatus Persistence (~/.cache/concierge/concierge.yaml)\n    ↓\nReturn Status (Provisioning/Succeeded/Failed)\n```\n\n---\n\n### 9. **Python Recreation Considerations**\n\nWhen recreating in Python, focus on:\n\n1. **CLI Framework**: Use `Click` or `Typer` instead of Cobra\n2. **Config Management**: Use `PyYAML` + `pydantic` for validation\n3. **Concurrency**: Use `asyncio` or `ThreadPoolExecutor` instead of goroutines\n4. **System Commands**: Use `subprocess` with similar abstraction layer\n5. **State Management**: Pickle or JSON instead of YAML marshaling\n6. **Testing**: `pytest` with fixtures for mocking system operations\n7. **Snap/APT Integration**: Direct `subprocess` calls (no SDK available)\n8. **Retry Logic**: `tenacity` library or custom exponential backoff\n\n---\n\n### 10. **Notable Implementation Details**\n\n- **Command Execution**: All external commands go through `system.Run()` with unified error handling\n- **Snap vs APT Locking**: Uses per-command mutexes to prevent concurrent package manager access\n- **Channel Overrides**: Complex precedence logic for snap channel overrides\n- **Credentials Handling**: Stores provider credentials in Juju's standard location\n- **Non-Root Operations**: Groups-based access control (lxd group, microk8s group)\n- **Firewall Management**: Special logic to deconflict LXD with Docker\n- **Error Wrapping**: Consistent error context with `fmt.Errorf` wrapping\n- **Logging**: Uses Go's standard `log/slog` for structured logging\n\nThis completes a comprehensive analysis of the Concierge project. You now have all the information needed to recreate it in Python!"
  },
  {
    "type": "text",
    "text": "agentId: a6e09fe (for resuming to continue this agent's work if needed)"
  }
]

Entered plan mode. You should now focus on exploring the codebase and designing an implementation approach.

In plan mode, you should:
1. Thoroughly explore the codebase to understand existing patterns
2. Identify similar features and architectural approaches
3. Consider multiple approaches and their trade-offs
4. Use AskUserQuestion if you need to clarify the approach
5. Design a concrete implementation strategy
6. When ready, use ExitPlanMode to present your plan for approval

Remember: DO NOT write or edit any files yet. This is a read-only exploration and planning phase.

User has answered your questions: "Which CLI framework would you prefer for the Python implementation?"="Typer", "How should we handle concurrent execution (the Go version uses goroutines)?"="asyncio (Recommended)", "Should we include integration tests using the Spread framework, or use pytest only?"="Both", "Should the Python version maintain 100% feature parity with the Go version, or start with core features?"="Full parity (Recommended)". You can now continue with the user's answers in mind.

[
  {
    "type": "text",
    "text": "Perfect! I now have a comprehensive understanding of the Concierge Go codebase. Let me create a detailed implementation plan for the Python reimplementation.\n\n# Comprehensive Implementation Plan: Concierge Python Reimplementation\n\n## Executive Summary\n\nBased on my thorough analysis of the Go codebase (~4,479 lines across 41 Go files), I've designed a complete Python reimplementation strategy that maintains full feature parity while leveraging Python's async capabilities and modern tooling.\n\n## 1. PROJECT STRUCTURE\n\n```\nconcierge-py/\n├── pyproject.toml                      # uv project configuration\n├── README.md                           # Documentation\n├── LICENSE                             # Apache 2.0 license\n├── .python-version                     # Python 3.14+\n├── src/\n│   └── concierge/\n│       ├── __init__.py\n│       ├── __main__.py                 # Entry point: python -m concierge\n│       ├── cli/                        # CLI layer (Typer)\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── app.py                  # Main Typer app\n│       │   ├── prepare.py              # prepare command\n│       │   ├── restore.py              # restore command\n│       │   └── status.py               # status command\n│       ├── core/                       # Core orchestration\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── manager.py              # Manager class (async)\n│       │   ├── plan.py                 # Plan + ExecutionPlan\n│       │   ├── executable.py           # Executable protocol\n│       │   └── validators.py           # Plan validators\n│       ├── config/                     # Configuration\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── models.py               # Pydantic models\n│       │   ├── presets.py              # Built-in presets\n│       │   ├── loader.py               # YAML loading logic\n│       │   ├── overrides.py            # CLI/env override handling\n│       │   └── enums.py                # Status enum, etc.\n│       ├── system/                     # System abstraction\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── worker.py               # Worker protocol + System class\n│       │   ├── command.py              # Command model\n│       │   ├── runner.py               # Async command execution\n│       │   ├── snap.py                 # Snap operations + snapd API\n│       │   ├── files.py                # File operations\n│       │   └── retry.py                # Retry/backoff logic\n│       ├── packages/                   # Package managers\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── snap_handler.py         # Snap package handler\n│       │   └── deb_handler.py          # APT package handler\n│       ├── providers/                  # Cloud providers\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── base.py                 # Provider protocol\n│       │   ├── factory.py              # Provider factory\n│       │   ├── lxd.py                  # LXD provider\n│       │   ├── microk8s.py             # MicroK8s provider\n│       │   ├── k8s.py                  # K8s provider\n│       │   └── google.py               # Google Cloud provider\n│       ├── juju/                       # Juju bootstrap\n│       │   ├── __init__.py\n│       │   ├── handler.py              # JujuHandler (async)\n│       │   └── credentials.py          # Credentials management\n│       └── utils/                      # Utilities\n│           ├── __init__.py\n│           ├── logging.py              # Structured logging setup\n│           └── shell.py                # Shell parsing (shlex)\n├── tests/                              # Pytest tests\n│   ├── __init__.py\n│   ├── conftest.py                     # Pytest fixtures\n│   ├── unit/                           # Unit tests\n│   │   ├── test_config.py\n│   │   ├── test_plan.py\n│   │   ├── test_snap_handler.py\n│   │   ├── test_deb_handler.py\n│   │   └── test_providers.py\n│   ├── integration/                    # Integration tests (pytest)\n│   │   ├── test_prepare_preset.py\n│   │   ├── test_restore.py\n│   │   └── test_status.py\n│   └── mocks/                          # Mock objects\n│       ├── mock_system.py\n│       └── mock_snapd.py\n└── spread/                             # Spread integration tests\n    ├── spread.yaml                     # Spread configuration\n    ├── tests/                          # Test scenarios (25+)\n    │   ├── preset-dev/\n    │   │   └── task.yaml\n    │   ├── preset-k8s/\n    │   │   └── task.yaml\n    │   ├── provider-lxd/\n    │   │   └── task.yaml\n    │   ├── extra-snaps/\n    │   │   └── task.yaml\n    │   └── ...                         # All 25 tests ported\n    └── helpers/                        # Test utilities\n        └── common.sh\n```\n\n## 2. IMPLEMENTATION PHASES\n\n### Phase 1: Foundation & Infrastructure (Week 1)\n\n**Goals**: Set up project skeleton, configuration system, and basic CLI\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Initialize uv project with Python 3.14+\n2. Create project structure\n3. Implement Pydantic configuration models (`config/models.py`)\n4. Implement presets (`config/presets.py`)\n5. Implement YAML config loader with override logic (`config/loader.py`)\n6. Create basic Typer CLI skeleton (commands without logic)\n7. Set up structured logging (`utils/logging.py`)\n8. Create system abstraction interfaces (`system/worker.py` protocol)\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Working `pyproject.toml` with all dependencies\n- Config system that can parse YAML + handle CLI/env overrides\n- Basic CLI that prints help messages\n- Logging infrastructure\n\n### Phase 2: System & Command Execution (Week 2)\n\n**Goals**: Implement command execution, retry logic, and file operations\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Implement async command runner (`system/runner.py`)\n2. Implement retry/backoff logic using `tenacity` (`system/retry.py`)\n3. Implement exclusive command locking (asyncio.Lock per command)\n4. Implement file operations (`system/files.py`)\n5. Implement snapd HTTP API client (`system/snap.py`)\n6. Create Command model (`system/command.py`)\n7. Implement System class with all Worker methods\n8. Write comprehensive unit tests for system layer\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Fully functional async command execution\n- Snapd API integration (install, refresh, remove, info)\n- File operations with proper user/permission handling\n- 80%+ test coverage for system layer\n\n### Phase 3: Package Handlers (Week 3)\n\n**Goals**: Implement snap and deb package management\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Implement Executable protocol (`core/executable.py`)\n2. Implement SnapHandler (`packages/snap_handler.py`)\n   - Install/refresh snaps with channel support\n   - Handle classic confinement\n   - Snap connections\n3. Implement DebHandler (`packages/deb_handler.py`)\n   - apt-get update/install/remove\n   - Exclusive locking for apt operations\n4. Write unit tests with mocked system calls\n5. Integration tests for package operations\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Working snap installation/removal\n- Working deb installation/removal\n- Full test coverage\n\n### Phase 4: Cloud Providers (Week 4-5)\n\n**Goals**: Implement all 4 cloud providers\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Define Provider protocol (`providers/base.py`)\n2. Implement LXD provider (`providers/lxd.py`)\n   - Installation, init, user permissions\n   - Firewall deconfliction\n   - Refresh workaround logic\n3. Implement MicroK8s provider (`providers/microk8s.py`)\n   - Installation, addons, kubeconfig\n   - Channel auto-detection\n4. Implement K8s provider (`providers/k8s.py`)\n   - Bootstrap detection, features configuration\n5. Implement Google Cloud provider (`providers/google.py`)\n   - Credentials file handling\n6. Implement provider factory (`providers/factory.py`)\n7. Write comprehensive tests for each provider\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- All 4 providers working with async operations\n- Proper error handling and logging\n- Full test coverage\n\n### Phase 5: Juju Handler (Week 6)\n\n**Goals**: Implement Juju bootstrap/teardown logic\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Implement JujuHandler (`juju/handler.py`)\n   - Juju installation\n   - Credentials file generation\n   - Async bootstrap across multiple providers\n   - Controller existence checking with retries\n   - Model creation\n   - Kill-controller for restore\n2. Implement credentials management (`juju/credentials.py`)\n3. Shell argument parsing for extra-bootstrap-args\n4. Write unit tests with mocked Juju commands\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Working Juju bootstrap on all providers\n- Proper credential handling\n- Concurrent bootstrap execution\n\n### Phase 6: Core Orchestration (Week 7)\n\n**Goals**: Implement Plan and Manager\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Implement Plan class (`core/plan.py`)\n   - Build plan from config\n   - Concurrent execution with asyncio.gather\n   - Error aggregation\n2. Implement plan validators (`core/validators.py`)\n3. Implement Manager (`core/manager.py`)\n   - Prepare/Restore/Status operations\n   - State persistence to ~/.cache/concierge/\n4. Wire up CLI commands with actual logic\n5. Integration tests for full workflows\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Working prepare/restore/status commands\n- State persistence and recovery\n- End-to-end integration tests\n\n### Phase 7: CLI Enhancements (Week 8)\n\n**Goals**: Polish CLI with all features\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Implement all CLI flags and environment variables\n2. Add --verbose and --trace logging modes\n3. Implement version command\n4. Add shell completion generation (Typer built-in)\n5. Improve error messages and user feedback\n6. Add progress indicators for long operations\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Feature-complete CLI matching Go version\n- Excellent UX with clear error messages\n\n### Phase 8: Pytest Test Suite (Week 9)\n\n**Goals**: Comprehensive pytest test coverage\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Write unit tests for all modules (target: 85%+ coverage)\n2. Write integration tests for key workflows\n3. Create fixtures and mocks (`tests/conftest.py`)\n4. Implement mock System for testing (`tests/mocks/mock_system.py`)\n5. Add pytest-asyncio tests for async code\n6. Add pytest-mock for system call mocking\n7. Configure pytest.ini with coverage reporting\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- 85%+ test coverage\n- Fast, reliable test suite\n- Mock infrastructure for testing without system changes\n\n### Phase 9: Spread Test Migration (Week 10-11)\n\n**Goals**: Port all 25 Spread integration tests\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Set up Spread configuration (`spread/spread.yaml`)\n2. Port each test directory:\n   - preset-dev, preset-k8s, preset-machine, preset-microk8s, preset-crafts\n   - provider-lxd, provider-k8s, provider-microk8s, provider-google\n   - provider-lxd-init-no-bootstrap, provider-none\n   - extra-snaps, extra-debs, extra-packages-config-file\n   - disable-juju-config, disable-juju-env-var, disable-juju-flag\n   - juju-model-defaults, juju-extra-bootstrap-args\n   - overrides-env, overrides-priority\n   - restore, status-success, status-failed\n3. Create test helpers in bash\n4. Set up LXD and GitHub CI backends\n5. Run full test suite and fix issues\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- All 25+ Spread tests passing\n- CI/CD pipeline with Spread tests\n\n### Phase 10: Documentation & Packaging (Week 12)\n\n**Goals**: Documentation, packaging, and release\n\n**Tasks**:\n1. Write comprehensive README.md\n2. Add docstrings to all public APIs\n3. Create migration guide (Go → Python)\n4. Set up packaging with uv\n5. Create installation scripts\n6. Add GitHub Actions CI/CD\n7. Performance benchmarking vs Go version\n8. Security review\n\n**Deliverables**:\n- Production-ready Python implementation\n- Complete documentation\n- Automated CI/CD\n\n## 3. KEY DESIGN DECISIONS\n\n### 3.1 Async Architecture\n\n**Decision**: Use asyncio throughout for concurrency\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Go version uses goroutines + errgroup for concurrent provider/package operations\n- Python's asyncio provides similar capabilities with `asyncio.gather()`\n- All I/O-bound operations (command execution) benefit from async\n\n**Implementation**:\n```python\n# core/plan.py\nasync def execute(self, action: str) -> None:\n    \"\"\"Execute plan with concurrent operations\"\"\"\n    # Concurrent package handlers\n    await asyncio.gather(\n        self.snap_handler.execute(action),\n        self.deb_handler.execute(action),\n    )\n    \n    # Concurrent provider setup\n    await asyncio.gather(\n        *[provider.execute(action) for provider in self.providers]\n    )\n    \n    # Juju bootstrap (sequential after providers)\n    if not self.config.juju.disable:\n        await self.juju_handler.execute(action)\n```\n\n### 3.2 Configuration System\n\n**Decision**: Pydantic for validation + YAML for config files\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Go version uses viper + mapstructure\n- Pydantic provides runtime validation, type safety, and clear error messages\n- PyYAML for file loading, Pydantic for parsing/validation\n- Environment variable support via Pydantic BaseSettings\n\n**Implementation**:\n```python\n# config/models.py\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel, Field\nfrom typing import Optional, Dict, List\n\nclass JujuConfig(BaseModel):\n    disable: bool = False\n    channel: Optional[str] = None\n    agent_version: Optional[str] = Field(None, alias=\"agent-version\")\n    model_defaults: Dict[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict)\n    bootstrap_constraints: Dict[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict)\n    extra_bootstrap_args: Optional[str] = None\n    \n    class Config:\n        populate_by_name = True  # Allow both snake_case and kebab-case\n\nclass Config(BaseModel):\n    juju: JujuConfig = Field(default_factory=JujuConfig)\n    providers: ProviderConfig = Field(default_factory=ProviderConfig)\n    host: HostConfig = Field(default_factory=HostConfig)\n    # Runtime fields\n    overrides: Optional[ConfigOverrides] = None\n    status: Optional[Status] = None\n```\n\n### 3.3 Command Execution\n\n**Decision**: Async subprocess with retry logic and exclusive locking\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Go version uses sync exec with mutexes for exclusive commands\n- Python async subprocess for non-blocking I/O\n- asyncio.Lock per command for exclusive execution\n- tenacity library for retry/backoff (matches go-retry behavior)\n\n**Implementation**:\n```python\n# system/runner.py\nimport asyncio\nfrom tenacity import retry, stop_after_delay, wait_exponential\n\nclass System:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self._locks: Dict[str, asyncio.Lock] = {}\n    \n    async def run(self, cmd: Command) -> bytes:\n        \"\"\"Execute command asynchronously\"\"\"\n        proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(\n            *cmd.full_command,\n            stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,\n            stderr=asyncio.subprocess.STDOUT,\n            user=cmd.user,\n            group=cmd.group,\n        )\n        stdout, _ = await proc.communicate()\n        \n        if proc.returncode != 0:\n            raise CommandError(stdout.decode())\n        \n        return stdout\n    \n    async def run_exclusive(self, cmd: Command) -> bytes:\n        \"\"\"Run with mutex to prevent concurrent execution\"\"\"\n        if cmd.executable not in self._locks:\n            self._locks[cmd.executable] = asyncio.Lock()\n        \n        async with self._locks[cmd.executable]:\n            return await self.run(cmd)\n    \n    @retry(stop=stop_after_delay(300), wait=wait_exponential(min=1, max=10))\n    async def run_with_retries(self, cmd: Command) -> bytes:\n        \"\"\"Execute with exponential backoff retries\"\"\"\n        return await self.run(cmd)\n```\n\n### 3.4 Snapd Integration\n\n**Decision**: Direct HTTP API calls via aiohttp\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Go version uses snapcore/snapd Go client\n- No official Python snapd client exists\n- snapd HTTP API is well-documented and stable\n- aiohttp for async HTTP requests\n\n**Implementation**:\n```python\n# system/snap.py\nimport aiohttp\nimport json\n\nclass SnapdClient:\n    SOCKET_PATH = \"/run/snapd.socket\"\n    \n    async def snap_info(self, snap: str) -> Dict:\n        \"\"\"Query snapd API for snap info\"\"\"\n        async with aiohttp.UnixConnector(path=self.SOCKET_PATH) as conn:\n            async with aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=conn) as session:\n                async with session.get(f\"http://localhost/v2/snaps/{snap}\") as resp:\n                    data = await resp.json()\n                    return data[\"result\"]\n    \n    async def find_one(self, snap: str) -> Dict:\n        \"\"\"Search snap store\"\"\"\n        # Similar implementation for store queries\n        pass\n```\n\n### 3.5 Testing Strategy\n\n**Decision**: Dual testing approach - pytest for units/integration + Spread for system tests\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Go version uses minimal Go unit tests + extensive Spread tests\n- pytest provides excellent async support, fixtures, and mocking\n- Spread tests verify real system behavior (no mocks)\n- Maintains compatibility with existing Spread infrastructure\n\n**Pytest Structure**:\n```python\n# tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py\nimport pytest\nfrom concierge.packages.snap_handler import SnapHandler\nfrom tests.mocks.mock_system import MockSystem\n\n@pytest.mark.asyncio\nasync def test_snap_install():\n    system = MockSystem()\n    handler = SnapHandler(system, [Snap(\"juju\", \"3.6/stable\")])\n    \n    await handler.prepare()\n    \n    assert system.commands_executed == [\n        [\"snap\", \"install\", \"juju\", \"--channel\", \"3.6/stable\"]\n    ]\n```\n\n**Spread Tests**: Direct 1:1 port from Go version\n\n### 3.6 Error Handling\n\n**Decision**: Structured exceptions with context\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Python's exception system is more expressive than Go's error values\n- Capture full context in exception classes\n- Use asyncio.gather(return_exceptions=True) for concurrent error handling\n\n**Implementation**:\n```python\n# core/exceptions.py\nclass ConciergeError(Exception):\n    \"\"\"Base exception for all concierge errors\"\"\"\n    pass\n\nclass ProviderError(ConciergeError):\n    def __init__(self, provider: str, message: str):\n        self.provider = provider\n        super().__init__(f\"Provider '{provider}': {message}\")\n\nclass CommandError(ConciergeError):\n    def __init__(self, command: str, returncode: int, output: str):\n        self.command = command\n        self.returncode = returncode\n        self.output = output\n        super().__init__(f\"Command failed: {command}\\n{output}\")\n```\n\n### 3.7 State Persistence\n\n**Decision**: YAML serialization with Pydantic models\n\n**Rationale**:\n- Go version uses YAML marshaling\n- Pydantic models can serialize to dict → YAML\n- Store in ~/.cache/concierge/concierge.yaml (same location)\n\n**Implementation**:\n```python\n# core/manager.py\nasync def record_runtime_config(self, status: Status) -> None:\n    self.config.status = status\n    config_dict = self.config.model_dump(by_alias=True)\n    \n    yaml_content = yaml.dump(config_dict)\n    filepath = Path.home() / \".cache\" / \"concierge\" / \"concierge.yaml\"\n    \n    await self.system.write_home_file(filepath, yaml_content.encode())\n```\n\n## 4. DEPENDENCIES (pyproject.toml)\n\n```toml\n[project]\nname = \"concierge\"\nversion = \"0.1.0\"\ndescription = \"Provisioning tool for charm development environments\"\nrequires-python = \">=3.14\"\ndependencies = [\n    # CLI\n    \"typer[all]>=0.12.0\",           # CLI framework with rich support\n    \"rich>=13.7.0\",                  # Terminal formatting\n    \n    # Async\n    \"aiohttp>=3.9.0\",                # HTTP client for snapd API\n    \"aiofiles>=24.0.0\",              # Async file operations\n    \n    # Config\n    \"pydantic>=2.6.0\",               # Data validation\n    \"pydantic-settings>=2.1.0\",      # Settings management\n    \"pyyaml>=6.0.1\",                 # YAML parsing\n    \n    # Retry/Backoff\n    \"tenacity>=8.2.0\",               # Retry logic\n    \n    # Logging\n    \"structlog>=24.1.0\",             # Structured logging\n]\n\n[project.optional-dependencies]\ndev = [\n    # Testing\n    \"pytest>=8.0.0\",\n    \"pytest-asyncio>=0.23.0\",        # Async test support\n    \"pytest-cov>=4.1.0\",             # Coverage\n    \"pytest-mock>=3.12.0\",           # Mocking\n    \n    # Code quality\n    \"ruff>=0.2.0\",                   # Linting & formatting\n    \"mypy>=1.8.0\",                   # Type checking\n    \"pre-commit>=3.6.0\",             # Git hooks\n]\n\n[project.scripts]\nconcierge = \"concierge.cli.app:main\"\n\n[tool.uv]\ndev-dependencies = [\n    \"pytest>=8.0.0\",\n    \"pytest-asyncio>=0.23.0\",\n    \"pytest-cov>=4.1.0\",\n]\n\n[tool.ruff]\nline-length = 100\ntarget-version = \"py314\"\n\n[tool.mypy]\npython_version = \"3.14\"\nstrict = true\nwarn_return_any = true\nwarn_unused_configs = true\n\n[tool.pytest.ini_options]\nasyncio_mode = \"auto\"\ntestpaths = [\"tests\"]\naddopts = \"--cov=concierge --cov-report=html --cov-report=term\"\n```\n\n## 5. MIGRATION CONSIDERATIONS (Go → Python)\n\n### 5.1 Concurrency Model\n\n**Challenge**: Go goroutines + channels → Python asyncio\n\n**Solution**:\n- `go func()` → `asyncio.create_task()`\n- `errgroup.Group` → `asyncio.gather(return_exceptions=False)`\n- Channels → `asyncio.Queue` (if needed, mostly not required)\n\n**Example**:\n```go\n// Go\nvar eg errgroup.Group\neg.Go(func() error { return handler.Prepare() })\neg.Go(func() error { return provider.Prepare() })\nreturn eg.Wait()\n```\n\n```python\n# Python\nawait asyncio.gather(\n    handler.prepare(),\n    provider.prepare(),\n)\n```\n\n### 5.2 Error Handling\n\n**Challenge**: Go's `if err != nil` vs Python exceptions\n\n**Solution**:\n- Use Python exceptions naturally\n- Wrap errors with context\n- Let asyncio.gather handle multiple exceptions\n\n### 5.3 Type Safety\n\n**Challenge**: Go's compile-time types vs Python's runtime types\n\n**Solution**:\n- Use Pydantic for runtime validation\n- Use type hints everywhere\n- Run mypy in strict mode\n- Use Protocol classes for interfaces\n\n### 5.4 Struct Methods\n\n**Challenge**: Go methods on structs → Python methods on classes\n\n**Solution**: Direct translation, very similar\n\n```go\n// Go\ntype LXD struct {\n    Channel string\n    system  system.Worker\n}\n\nfunc (l *LXD) Prepare() error {\n    return l.install()\n}\n```\n\n```python\n# Python\nclass LXD:\n    def __init__(self, channel: str, system: Worker):\n        self.channel = channel\n        self.system = system\n    \n    async def prepare(self) -> None:\n        await self.install()\n```\n\n### 5.5 Package Organization\n\n**Challenge**: Go's internal/ directory vs Python's src/ layout\n\n**Solution**:\n- Use src/ layout for importable package\n- Map Go packages directly to Python modules\n- `internal/concierge` → `src/concierge/core`\n- `internal/config` → `src/concierge/config`\n\n### 5.6 Testing\n\n**Challenge**: Go's testing package vs pytest\n\n**Solution**:\n- Table-driven tests → parameterized tests with pytest.mark.parametrize\n- Test fixtures in conftest.py\n- Mock objects with pytest-mock\n\n### 5.7 Performance\n\n**Challenge**: Python typically slower than Go\n\n**Mitigation**:\n- Most time spent in I/O (subprocesses, network)\n- Async I/O minimizes the difference\n- Python's asyncio is well-optimized\n- Critical paths: command execution (subprocess), snapd API (HTTP)\n- Both are I/O bound, not CPU bound\n\n### 5.8 Binary Distribution\n\n**Challenge**: Go produces static binaries, Python requires interpreter\n\n**Solution**:\n- Primary: Install via `uv` (fast, modern)\n- Alternative: PyInstaller for single-file executable (if needed)\n- Snap package can bundle Python runtime\n- Docker image option\n\n## 6. CRITICAL FILES FOR IMPLEMENTATION\n\nBased on the Go codebase analysis, here are the most critical files to create:\n\n### Critical Files for Implementation\n\n1. **/home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py** - Core configuration data models\n   - Reason: Foundation for all configuration handling; defines the entire config schema with Pydantic validation\n\n2. **/home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/runner.py** - Async command execution engine\n   - Reason: Central to all operations; every provider and package handler depends on command execution\n\n3. **/home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/core/plan.py** - Execution plan orchestration\n   - Reason: Coordinates all concurrent operations; implements the core prepare/restore logic\n\n4. **/home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/snap.py** - Snapd HTTP API client\n   - Reason: Unique integration challenge; critical for snap operations across all providers\n\n5. **/home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/base.py** - Provider protocol definition\n   - Reason: Defines interface for all 4 providers; ensures consistency across implementations\n\n## 7. TESTING STRATEGY DETAILS\n\n### 7.1 Unit Tests (pytest)\n\n**Coverage Target**: 85%+\n\n**Key Areas**:\n- Config parsing and validation\n- Command construction\n- Plan building logic\n- Provider logic (with mocked system calls)\n- Package handler logic\n\n**Fixtures** (`tests/conftest.py`):\n```python\n@pytest.fixture\ndef mock_system():\n    \"\"\"Mock System for testing without actual command execution\"\"\"\n    return MockSystem()\n\n@pytest.fixture\ndef sample_config():\n    \"\"\"Sample valid configuration\"\"\"\n    return Config(\n        juju=JujuConfig(channel=\"3.6/stable\"),\n        providers=ProviderConfig(\n            lxd=LXDConfig(enable=True, bootstrap=True)\n        )\n    )\n\n@pytest.fixture\nasync def temp_cache_dir(tmp_path):\n    \"\"\"Temporary cache directory for state persistence tests\"\"\"\n    cache = tmp_path / \".cache\" / \"concierge\"\n    cache.mkdir(parents=True)\n    return cache\n```\n\n### 7.2 Integration Tests (pytest)\n\n**Focus**: Multi-component workflows without full system setup\n\n**Examples**:\n- Config loading from YAML → Plan building → Validation\n- Mock system → Provider prepare → Verify command sequence\n- State persistence → Load → Restore\n\n### 7.3 Spread Tests\n\n**Port all 25 tests exactly**:\n\nEach test directory has:\n- `task.yaml` - Test definition\n- Assertions matching Go version\n\n**Example**: `spread/tests/preset-dev/task.yaml`\n```yaml\nsummary: Run concierge with the dev preset\nsystems:\n  - ubuntu-24.04\n\nexecute: |\n  pushd \"${SPREAD_PATH}/${SPREAD_TASK}\"\n  \n  # Run Python version\n  python3 -m concierge --trace prepare -p dev\n  \n  # Same assertions as Go version\n  for s in juju k8s lxd kubectl jq yq charmcraft rockcraft snapcraft; do\n    snap list \"$s\" | MATCH $s\n  done\n  \n  # Check Juju controllers\n  for i in concierge-k8s:admin/testing concierge-lxd:admin/testing; do\n    juju switch $i\n    juju model-defaults | grep test-mode | tr -s \" \" | MATCH \"test-mode false true\"\n  done\n\nrestore: |\n  if [[ -z \"${CI:-}\" ]]; then\n    python3 -m concierge --trace restore\n  fi\n```\n\n### 7.4 Continuous Integration\n\n**GitHub Actions Workflow**:\n```yaml\nname: CI\n\non: [push, pull_request]\n\njobs:\n  test:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions/checkout@v4\n      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v1\n      - run: uv sync --all-extras\n      - run: uv run pytest\n      - run: uv run ruff check .\n      - run: uv run mypy src/\n  \n  spread:\n    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04\n    steps:\n      - uses: actions/checkout@v4\n      - name: Install Spread\n        run: snap install spread\n      - name: Run Spread tests\n        run: spread -v github-ci:\n```\n\n## 8. OPEN QUESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS\n\n### Questions for Stakeholders:\n\n1. **Python Version**: Confirm Python 3.14+ is acceptable (or should we target 3.11+ for broader compatibility)?\n\n2. **Distribution**: Primary installation method - uv, pip, snap, or all three?\n\n3. **Performance Requirements**: Any specific performance benchmarks the Python version must meet?\n\n4. **Backwards Compatibility**: Should the Python version read state files from the Go version?\n\n### Recommendations:\n\n1. **Start with Phase 1-3**: Build foundation before tackling complex providers\n\n2. **Early Testing**: Run Spread tests early (Phase 6) to catch integration issues\n\n3. **Incremental Migration**: Could run both Go and Python versions in parallel during transition\n\n4. **Documentation**: Maintain parity with Go README, add Python-specific notes\n\n5. **Monitoring**: Add timing metrics to compare performance with Go version\n\n## 9. TIMELINE SUMMARY\n\n| Phase | Duration | Milestone |\n|-------|----------|-----------|\n| 1. Foundation | 1 week | Config + CLI skeleton |\n| 2. System Layer | 1 week | Command execution + snapd |\n| 3. Package Handlers | 1 week | Snap + deb management |\n| 4. Providers | 2 weeks | All 4 cloud providers |\n| 5. Juju | 1 week | Bootstrap logic |\n| 6. Core | 1 week | Manager + Plan orchestration |\n| 7. CLI Polish | 1 week | UX improvements |\n| 8. Pytest Tests | 1 week | Unit + integration tests |\n| 9. Spread Tests | 2 weeks | Port all 25 tests |\n| 10. Documentation | 1 week | Docs + packaging |\n| **Total** | **12 weeks** | Production-ready |\n\n## 10. SUCCESS CRITERIA\n\nThe Python implementation will be considered successful when:\n\n1. All 3 CLI commands (prepare, restore, status) work correctly\n2. All 5 presets function identically to Go version\n3. All 4 cloud providers can be provisioned and bootstrapped\n4. All 25+ Spread integration tests pass\n5. 85%+ code coverage with pytest\n6. Type checking passes with mypy --strict\n7. Documentation complete and accurate\n8. Installation via uv works smoothly\n9. Performance within 20% of Go version for common workflows\n10. Zero regressions from Go version functionality\n\n---\n\nThis plan provides a comprehensive, actionable roadmap for recreating Concierge in Python with full feature parity. The phased approach ensures steady progress with testable milestones, while the dual testing strategy (pytest + Spread) maintains quality throughout development."
  },
  {
    "type": "text",
    "text": "agentId: aae188b (for resuming to continue this agent's work if needed)"
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## Approved Plan:
# Concierge Python Reimplementation Plan

## Overview

Recreate the Concierge Go project (~4,191 lines across 40+ files) in Python 3.14+ with full feature parity:
- All 4 cloud providers (LXD, MicroK8s, K8s, Google Cloud)
- All 5 presets (dev, k8s, microk8s, machine, crafts)
- Snap and APT package management
- Juju bootstrap orchestration
- Complete CLI (prepare, restore, status commands)
- All 25+ integration tests

**Tech Stack:**
- Typer for CLI
- asyncio for concurrency
- Pydantic for config validation
- uv for dependency management
- pytest + Spread for testing

## Project Structure

```
concierge-py/
├── pyproject.toml
├── src/concierge/
│   ├── cli/              # Typer CLI (app.py, prepare.py, restore.py, status.py)
│   ├── core/             # Orchestration (manager.py, plan.py, executable.py, validators.py)
│   ├── config/           # Config system (models.py, presets.py, loader.py, overrides.py)
│   ├── system/           # System abstraction (worker.py, runner.py, command.py, snap.py, retry.py)
│   ├── packages/         # Package managers (snap_handler.py, deb_handler.py)
│   ├── providers/        # Cloud providers (base.py, lxd.py, microk8s.py, k8s.py, google.py)
│   ├── juju/             # Juju logic (handler.py, credentials.py)
│   └── utils/            # Utilities (logging.py, shell.py)
├── tests/
│   ├── unit/             # Pytest unit tests
│   ├── integration/      # Pytest integration tests
│   └── mocks/            # Mock objects
└── spread/
    ├── spread.yaml
    └── tests/            # 25+ Spread test scenarios
```

## Implementation Phases

### Phase 1: Foundation (Week 1)
**Goal:** Project skeleton, config system, basic CLI

**Tasks:**
1. Install uv and initialize project with Python 3.14+
2. Create directory structure
3. Implement Pydantic config models (`config/models.py`)
   - JujuConfig, ProviderConfig, HostConfig, Config classes
   - Support for kebab-case and snake_case field names
4. Implement built-in presets (`config/presets.py`)
   - dev, k8s, microk8s, machine, crafts
5. Implement YAML config loader with CLI/env overrides (`config/loader.py`)
6. Create Typer CLI skeleton (`cli/app.py`, `cli/prepare.py`, `cli/restore.py`, `cli/status.py`)
7. Setup structured logging (`utils/logging.py`)
8. Define Worker protocol (`system/worker.py`)

**Critical Files:**
- `src/concierge/config/models.py` - Core data models with Pydantic
- `src/concierge/config/presets.py` - Built-in configurations
- `src/concierge/cli/app.py` - Main Typer application

### Phase 2: System Layer (Week 2)
**Goal:** Async command execution, retry logic, snapd API

**Tasks:**
1. Implement async command runner (`system/runner.py`)
   - asyncio.create_subprocess_exec for non-blocking I/O
   - Sudo support, user/group handling
2. Implement retry/backoff with tenacity (`system/retry.py`)
   - Exponential backoff matching Go version
   - Max duration support
3. Implement exclusive command locking (asyncio.Lock per command)
4. Implement file operations (`system/files.py`)
   - Home directory operations relative to real user
5. Implement snapd HTTP API client (`system/snap.py`)
   - aiohttp with Unix socket connector
   - snap info, find, channels queries
6. Create Command model (`system/command.py`)
7. Implement System class with all Worker methods
8. Write comprehensive unit tests with mocks

**Critical Files:**
- `src/concierge/system/runner.py` - Central command execution engine
- `src/concierge/system/snap.py` - Snapd API integration

### Phase 3: Package Handlers (Week 3)
**Goal:** Snap and APT package management

**Tasks:**
1. Define Executable protocol (`core/executable.py`)
   - prepare() and restore() methods
2. Implement SnapHandler (`packages/snap_handler.py`)
   - Install/refresh with channel support
   - Classic confinement handling
   - Snap interface connections
3. Implement DebHandler (`packages/deb_handler.py`)
   - apt-get update/install/remove
   - Exclusive locking for apt operations
   - Auto-remove on cleanup
4. Write unit tests with mocked system calls
5. Integration tests for package operations

### Phase 4: Cloud Providers (Week 4-5)
**Goal:** All 4 cloud providers with async operations

**Tasks:**
1. Define Provider protocol (`providers/base.py`)
   - prepare(), restore(), bootstrap(), credentials(), etc.
2. Implement LXD provider (`providers/lxd.py`)
   - Installation, initialization, user permissions
   - Firewall deconfliction logic
   - Refresh workaround
3. Implement MicroK8s provider (`providers/microk8s.py`)
   - Installation, addon management
   - Kubeconfig setup
   - Channel auto-detection
4. Implement K8s provider (`providers/k8s.py`)
   - Bootstrap detection
   - Feature configuration (load-balancer, storage, network)
5. Implement Google Cloud provider (`providers/google.py`)
   - Credentials file handling
6. Implement provider factory (`providers/factory.py`)
7. Write comprehensive tests for each provider

**Critical Files:**
- `src/concierge/providers/base.py` - Provider interface
- `src/concierge/providers/lxd.py` - Most complex provider
- `src/concierge/providers/microk8s.py` - Common use case

### Phase 5: Juju Handler (Week 6)
**Goal:** Juju bootstrap/teardown with async operations

**Tasks:**
1. Implement JujuHandler (`juju/handler.py`)
   - Juju snap installation
   - Credentials file generation for each provider
   - Async bootstrap across multiple providers (asyncio.gather)
   - Controller existence checking with retries
   - Model creation with defaults and constraints
   - Kill-controller for restore operations
2. Implement credentials management (`juju/credentials.py`)
3. Shell argument parsing for extra-bootstrap-args (shlex)
4. Write unit tests with mocked Juju commands

**Critical Files:**
- `src/concierge/juju/handler.py` - Juju orchestration logic

### Phase 6: Core Orchestration (Week 7)
**Goal:** Plan execution and Manager implementation

**Tasks:**
1. Implement Plan class (`core/plan.py`)
   - Build plan from config
   - Concurrent execution with asyncio.gather:
     * Packages (snap + deb) in parallel
     * All providers in parallel
     * Juju sequentially after providers
   - Error aggregation and handling
2. Implement plan validators (`core/validators.py`)
   - Validate configuration before execution
3. Implement Manager (`core/manager.py`)
   - Prepare operation
   - Restore operation
   - Status reporting
   - State persistence to ~/.cache/concierge/concierge.yaml
4. Wire up CLI commands with actual logic
5. End-to-end integration tests

**Critical Files:**
- `src/concierge/core/plan.py` - Execution orchestration
- `src/concierge/core/manager.py` - Entry point for all operations

### Phase 7: CLI Enhancements (Week 8)
**Goal:** Feature-complete CLI matching Go version

**Tasks:**
1. Implement all CLI flags and environment variables
   - Preset selection (-p)
   - Config file (-c)
   - Channel overrides (--juju-channel, --lxd-channel, etc.)
   - Extra packages (--extra-snaps, --extra-debs)
   - Juju configuration flags
2. Add --verbose and --trace logging modes
3. Implement version command
4. Add shell completion generation (Typer built-in)
5. Improve error messages and user feedback
6. Add progress indicators for long operations (Rich library)

### Phase 8: Pytest Test Suite (Week 9)
**Goal:** 85%+ test coverage with pytest

**Tasks:**
1. Write unit tests for all modules
   - Config parsing and validation
   - Command construction
   - Plan building logic
   - Provider logic (mocked)
   - Package handlers (mocked)
2. Write integration tests for key workflows
   - Config loading → Plan building → Validation
   - Mock prepare/restore workflows
3. Create fixtures and mocks (`tests/conftest.py`)
4. Implement MockSystem (`tests/mocks/mock_system.py`)
5. Configure pytest.ini with coverage reporting
6. Add pytest-asyncio for async test support
7. Add pytest-mock for system call mocking

### Phase 9: Spread Test Migration (Week 10-11)
**Goal:** Port all 25+ Spread integration tests

**Tasks:**
1. Setup Spread configuration (`spread/spread.yaml`)
2. Port test directories (1:1 from Go version):
   - Presets: preset-dev, preset-k8s, preset-machine, preset-microk8s, preset-crafts
   - Providers: provider-lxd, provider-k8s, provider-microk8s, provider-google
   - Configuration: disable-juju-*, juju-model-defaults, juju-extra-bootstrap-args
   - Packages: extra-snaps, extra-debs, extra-packages-config-file
   - Overrides: overrides-env, overrides-priority
   - Operations: restore, status-success, status-failed
   - Special: provider-lxd-init-no-bootstrap, provider-none
3. Create test helpers in bash (`spread/helpers/common.sh`)
4. Configure LXD and GitHub CI backends
5. Run full test suite and fix issues

### Phase 10: Documentation & Packaging (Week 12)
**Goal:** Production-ready release

**Tasks:**
1. Write comprehensive README.md
   - Installation instructions (uv)
   - Usage examples
   - Configuration guide
   - Preset documentation
2. Add docstrings to all public APIs
3. Create migration guide (Go → Python)
4. Setup packaging with uv
5. Create installation scripts
6. Add GitHub Actions CI/CD
   - Pytest on push/PR
   - Spread tests on main branch
   - Code quality checks (ruff, mypy)
7. Performance benchmarking vs Go version
8. Security review

## Key Design Decisions

### 1. Async Architecture
- Use asyncio throughout for I/O-bound operations
- `asyncio.gather()` replaces Go's `errgroup.Group`
- All system commands run async with `asyncio.create_subprocess_exec`

### 2. Configuration with Pydantic
- Runtime validation with clear error messages
- Support both snake_case and kebab-case field names
- Environment variable support via Pydantic BaseSettings
- YAML serialization for state persistence

### 3. Command Execution
- Async subprocess for non-blocking I/O
- `asyncio.Lock` per command for exclusive execution (apt, snap)
- tenacity library for retry/backoff (exponential, matches Go version)
- Unified error handling with context

### 4. Snapd Integration
- Direct HTTP API calls via aiohttp (no official Python client)
- Unix socket connection to /run/snapd.socket
- Async queries for snap info, search, channels

### 5. Testing Strategy
- **Pytest:** Unit and integration tests (85%+ coverage)
- **Spread:** System tests (all 25+ scenarios from Go version)
- Mock system for unit tests
- Real system operations for Spread tests

## Dependencies (pyproject.toml)

```toml
[project]
name = "concierge"
version = "0.1.0"
requires-python = ">=3.14"
dependencies = [
    "typer[all]>=0.12.0",        # CLI framework
    "rich>=13.7.0",               # Terminal formatting
    "aiohttp>=3.9.0",             # HTTP client for snapd
    "aiofiles>=24.0.0",           # Async file I/O
    "pydantic>=2.6.0",            # Data validation
    "pydantic-settings>=2.1.0",   # Settings management
    "pyyaml>=6.0.1",              # YAML parsing
    "tenacity>=8.2.0",            # Retry logic
    "structlog>=24.1.0",          # Structured logging
]

[project.optional-dependencies]
dev = [
    "pytest>=8.0.0",
    "pytest-asyncio>=0.23.0",
    "pytest-cov>=4.1.0",
    "pytest-mock>=3.12.0",
    "ruff>=0.2.0",
    "mypy>=1.8.0",
]

[project.scripts]
concierge = "concierge.cli.app:main"
```

## Migration Considerations (Go → Python)

| Go Pattern | Python Equivalent |
|------------|-------------------|
| `go func()` | `asyncio.create_task()` |
| `errgroup.Group` | `asyncio.gather()` |
| `if err != nil` | `try/except` with custom exceptions |
| Struct methods | Class methods |
| `internal/` packages | `src/concierge/` modules |
| Table-driven tests | `pytest.mark.parametrize` |
| Go binary | uv install / PyInstaller |

## Success Criteria

✓ All 3 CLI commands work (prepare, restore, status)
✓ All 5 presets function identically to Go version
✓ All 4 cloud providers provision and bootstrap
✓ All 25+ Spread integration tests pass
✓ 85%+ code coverage with pytest
✓ Type checking passes (mypy --strict)
✓ Documentation complete
✓ Installation via uv works smoothly

## Timeline: 12 weeks to production-ready

| Phase | Duration | Deliverable |
|-------|----------|-------------|
| 1. Foundation | 1 week | Config + CLI skeleton |
| 2. System Layer | 1 week | Command execution + snapd |
| 3. Package Handlers | 1 week | Snap + deb management |
| 4. Providers | 2 weeks | All 4 cloud providers |
| 5. Juju | 1 week | Bootstrap logic |
| 6. Core | 1 week | Manager + Plan |
| 7. CLI Polish | 1 week | UX improvements |
| 8. Pytest Tests | 1 week | 85%+ coverage |
| 9. Spread Tests | 2 weeks | All 25 tests |
| 10. Documentation | 1 week | Production release |

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

no checksums to verify
installing to /home/ubuntu/.local/bin
  uv
  uvx
everything's installed!
downloading uv 0.9.17 x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu

Initialized project `concierge-py` at `/home/ubuntu/concierge-py`
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

total 28
drwxrwxr-x 3 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Dec 12 21:47 .
drwxr-x--- 9 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Dec 12 21:47 ..
drwxrwxr-x 7 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Dec 12 21:47 .git
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  109 Dec 12 21:47 .gitignore
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu    5 Dec 12 21:47 .python-version
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu    0 Dec 12 21:47 README.md
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu   90 Dec 12 21:47 main.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu  158 Dec 12 21:47 pyproject.toml

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

     1→[project]
     2→name = "concierge-py"
     3→version = "0.1.0"
     4→description = "Add your description here"
     5→readme = "README.md"
     6→requires-python = ">=3.14"
     7→dependencies = []
     8→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/pyproject.toml has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
     1→[project]
     2→name = "concierge"
     3→version = "0.1.0"
     4→description = "Provisioning tool for charm development environments"
     5→readme = "README.md"
     6→requires-python = ">=3.14"
     7→license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
     8→authors = [
     9→    { name = "Canonical Ltd." }
    10→]
    11→dependencies = [
    12→    "typer[all]>=0.12.0",
    13→    "rich>=13.7.0",
    14→    "aiohttp>=3.9.0",
    15→    "aiofiles>=24.0.0",
    16→    "pydantic>=2.6.0",
    17→    "pydantic-settings>=2.1.0",
    18→    "pyyaml>=6.0.1",
    19→    "tenacity>=8.2.0",
    20→    "structlog>=24.1.0",
    21→]
    22→
    23→[project.optional-dependencies]
    24→dev = [
    25→    "pytest>=8.0.0",
    26→    "pytest-asyncio>=0.23.0",
    27→    "pytest-cov>=4.1.0",
    28→    "pytest-mock>=3.12.0",
    29→    "ruff>=0.2.0",
    30→    "mypy>=1.8.0",
    31→    "pre-commit>=3.6.0",
    32→]
    33→
    34→[project.scripts]
    35→concierge = "concierge.cli.app:main"
    36→
    37→[build-system]
    38→requires = ["hatchling"]
    39→build-backend = "hatchling.build"
    40→
    41→[tool.uv]
    42→dev-dependencies = [
    43→    "pytest>=8.0.0",
    44→    "pytest-asyncio>=0.23.0",
    45→    "pytest-cov>=4.1.0",
    46→    "pytest-mock>=3.12.0",
    47→    "ruff>=0.2.0",
    48→    "mypy>=1.8.0",
    49→]
    50→
    51→[tool.ruff]
    52→line-length = 100
    53→target-version = "py314"
    54→select = ["E", "F", "I", "N", "W", "UP"]
    55→
    56→[tool.ruff.lint]
    57→ignore = ["E501"]
    58→
    59→[tool.mypy]
    60→python_version = "3.14"
    61→strict = true
    62→warn_return_any = true
    63→warn_unused_configs = true
    64→disallow_untyped_defs = true
    65→disallow_any_generics = true
    66→check_untyped_defs = true
    67→
    68→[tool.pytest.ini_options]
    69→asyncio_mode = "auto"
    70→testpaths = ["tests"]
    71→addopts = "--cov=concierge --cov-report=html --cov-report=term -v"
    72→python_files = ["test_*.py"]
    73→python_classes = ["Test*"]
    74→python_functions = ["test_*"]
    75→
    76→[tool.coverage.run]
    77→source = ["src/concierge"]
    78→omit = ["tests/*", "**/__init__.py"]
    79→
    80→[tool.coverage.report]
    81→exclude_lines = [
    82→    "pragma: no cover",
    83→    "def __repr__",
    84→    "raise AssertionError",
    85→    "raise NotImplementedError",
    86→    "if __name__ == .__main__.:",
    87→    "if TYPE_CHECKING:",
    88→    "pass",
    89→]
    90→

warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
Downloading cpython-3.14.2-linux-x86_64-gnu (download) (33.7MiB)
 Downloaded cpython-3.14.2-linux-x86_64-gnu (download)
Using CPython 3.14.2
Creating virtual environment at: .venv
Resolved 50 packages in 2.39s
warning: The package `typer==0.20.0` does not have an extra named `all`
   Building concierge @ file:///home/ubuntu/concierge-py
Downloading aiohttp (1.6MiB)
Downloading pydantic-core (2.0MiB)
Downloading pygments (1.2MiB)
Downloading ruff (13.5MiB)
Downloading virtualenv (5.7MiB)
Downloading mypy (13.0MiB)
 Downloaded pygments
      Built concierge @ file:///home/ubuntu/concierge-py
 Downloaded aiohttp
 Downloaded pydantic-core
 Downloaded virtualenv
 Downloaded ruff
 Downloaded mypy
Prepared 49 packages in 11.15s
Installed 49 packages in 89ms
 + aiofiles==25.1.0
 + aiohappyeyeballs==2.6.1
 + aiohttp==3.13.2
 + aiosignal==1.4.0
 + annotated-types==0.7.0
 + attrs==25.4.0
 + cfgv==3.5.0
 + click==8.3.1
 + concierge==0.1.0 (from file:///home/ubuntu/concierge-py)
 + coverage==7.13.0
 + distlib==0.4.0
 + filelock==3.20.0
 + frozenlist==1.8.0
 + identify==2.6.15
 + idna==3.11
 + iniconfig==2.3.0
 + librt==0.7.3
 + markdown-it-py==4.0.0
 + mdurl==0.1.2
 + multidict==6.7.0
 + mypy==1.19.0
 + mypy-extensions==1.1.0
 + nodeenv==1.9.1
 + packaging==25.0
 + pathspec==0.12.1
 + platformdirs==4.5.1
 + pluggy==1.6.0
 + pre-commit==4.5.0
 + propcache==0.4.1
 + pydantic==2.12.5
 + pydantic-core==2.41.5
 + pydantic-settings==2.12.0
 + pygments==2.19.2
 + pytest==9.0.2
 + pytest-asyncio==1.3.0
 + pytest-cov==7.0.0
 + pytest-mock==3.15.1
 + python-dotenv==1.2.1
 + pyyaml==6.0.3
 + rich==14.2.0
 + ruff==0.14.9
 + shellingham==1.5.4
 + structlog==25.5.0
 + tenacity==9.1.2
 + typer==0.20.0
 + typing-extensions==4.15.0
 + typing-inspection==0.4.2
 + virtualenv==20.35.4
 + yarl==1.22.0
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package config
     2→
     3→// Config represents concierge's configuration format.
     4→type Config struct {
     5→	Juju      jujuConfig     `mapstructure:"juju"`
     6→	Providers providerConfig `mapstructure:"providers"`
     7→	Host      hostConfig     `mapstructure:"host"`
     8→
     9→	// The following are added at runtime according to CLI flags
    10→	Overrides ConfigOverrides `mapstructure:"overrides"`
    11→	Status    Status          `mapstructure:"status"`
    12→	Verbose   bool            `mapstructure:"verbose"`
    13→	Trace     bool            `mapstructure:"trace"`
    14→}
    15→
    16→// Status represents the status of concierge on a given machine.
    17→type Status int
    18→
    19→const (
    20→	Provisioning Status = iota
    21→	Succeeded
    22→	Failed
    23→)
    24→
    25→// String returns a string representation of a given concierge status.
    26→func (s Status) String() string {
    27→	return [...]string{"provisioning", "succeeded", "failed"}[s]
    28→}
    29→
    30→// jujuConfig represents the configuration for juju, including the desired version,
    31→// and defaults/constraints for the bootstrap process.
    32→type jujuConfig struct {
    33→	// Optionally disable the installation of Juju
    34→	Disable bool `mapstructure:"disable"`
    35→	// The Snap Store channel from which to install Juju
    36→	Channel string `mapstructure:"channel"`
    37→	// The Juju agent version to use during bootstrap
    38→	AgentVersion string `mapstructure:"agent-version"`
    39→	// The set of model-defaults to be passed to Juju during bootstrap
    40→	ModelDefaults map[string]string `mapstructure:"model-defaults"`
    41→	// The set of bootstrap constraints to be passed to Juju
    42→	BootstrapConstraints map[string]string `mapstructure:"bootstrap-constraints"`
    43→	// Additional arbitrary arguments to be appended to the bootstrap command
    44→	ExtraBootstrapArgs string `mapstructure:"extra-bootstrap-args"`
    45→}
    46→
    47→// providerConfig represents the set of providers to be configured and bootstrapped.
    48→type providerConfig struct {
    49→	K8s      k8sConfig      `mapstructure:"k8s"`
    50→	LXD      lxdConfig      `mapstructure:"lxd"`
    51→	Google   googleConfig   `mapstructure:"google"`
    52→	MicroK8s microk8sConfig `mapstructure:"microk8s"`
    53→}
    54→
    55→// lxdConfig represents how LXD should be configured on the host.
    56→type lxdConfig struct {
    57→	Enable               bool              `mapstructure:"enable"`
    58→	Bootstrap            bool              `mapstructure:"bootstrap"`
    59→	Channel              string            `mapstructure:"channel"`
    60→	ModelDefaults        map[string]string `mapstructure:"model-defaults"`
    61→	BootstrapConstraints map[string]string `mapstructure:"bootstrap-constraints"`
    62→}
    63→
    64→// googleConfig represents how Juju should be configured for Google Cloud use.
    65→type googleConfig struct {
    66→	Enable               bool              `mapstructure:"enable"`
    67→	Bootstrap            bool              `mapstructure:"bootstrap"`
    68→	CredentialsFile      string            `mapstructure:"credentials-file"`
    69→	ModelDefaults        map[string]string `mapstructure:"model-defaults"`
    70→	BootstrapConstraints map[string]string `mapstructure:"bootstrap-constraints"`
    71→}
    72→
    73→// microk8sConfig represents how MicroK8s should be configured on the host.
    74→type microk8sConfig struct {
    75→	Enable               bool              `mapstructure:"enable"`
    76→	Bootstrap            bool              `mapstructure:"bootstrap"`
    77→	Channel              string            `mapstructure:"channel"`
    78→	Addons               []string          `mapstructure:"addons"`
    79→	ModelDefaults        map[string]string `mapstructure:"model-defaults"`
    80→	BootstrapConstraints map[string]string `mapstructure:"bootstrap-constraints"`
    81→}
    82→
    83→// k8sConfig represents how MicroK8s should be configured on the host.
    84→type k8sConfig struct {
    85→	Enable               bool                         `mapstructure:"enable"`
    86→	Bootstrap            bool                         `mapstructure:"bootstrap"`
    87→	Channel              string                       `mapstructure:"channel"`
    88→	Features             map[string]map[string]string `mapstructure:"features"`
    89→	ModelDefaults        map[string]string            `mapstructure:"model-defaults"`
    90→	BootstrapConstraints map[string]string            `mapstructure:"bootstrap-constraints"`
    91→}
    92→
    93→// SnapConfig represents the configuration for a specific snap to be installed.
    94→type SnapConfig struct {
    95→	// Channel is the channel from which to install the snap.
    96→	Channel string `mapstructure:"channel"`
    97→	// Connections is a list of snap connections to form.
    98→	Connections []string `mapstructure:"connections"`
    99→}
   100→
   101→// hostConfig is a top-level field containing addition configuration for the host being
   102→// configured.
   103→type hostConfig struct {
   104→	// Packages is a of apt packages to be installed from the archive
   105→	Packages []string `mapstructure:"packages"`
   106→	// Snaps is a map of snaps to be installed.
   107→	Snaps map[string]SnapConfig `mapstructure:"snaps"`
   108→}
   109→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

internal/config/overrides.go:3:type ConfigOverrides struct {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-4-	DisableJuju       bool
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-5-	K8sChannel        string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-6-	JujuChannel       string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-7-	MicroK8sChannel   string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-8-	LXDChannel        string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-9-	CharmcraftChannel string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-10-	SnapcraftChannel  string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-11-	RockcraftChannel  string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-12-
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-13-	GoogleCredentialFile string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-14-
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-15-	ExtraSnaps []string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-16-	ExtraDebs  []string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/config/overrides.go-17-}

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py

     1→package config
     2→
     3→import "fmt"
     4→
     5→// Preset returns a configuration preset by name.
     6→func Preset(preset string) (*Config, error) {
     7→	switch preset {
     8→	case "k8s":
     9→		return k8sPreset, nil
    10→	case "microk8s":
    11→		return microk8sPreset, nil
    12→	case "machine":
    13→		return machinePreset, nil
    14→	case "dev":
    15→		return devPreset, nil
    16→	case "crafts":
    17→		return craftsPreset, nil
    18→	default:
    19→		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown preset '%s'", preset)
    20→	}
    21→}
    22→
    23→// defaultJujuConfig is the default Juju config for all presets.
    24→var defaultJujuConfig jujuConfig = jujuConfig{
    25→	Disable: false,
    26→	ModelDefaults: map[string]string{
    27→		"test-mode":                 "true",
    28→		"automatically-retry-hooks": "false",
    29→	},
    30→}
    31→
    32→// defaultPackages is the set of packages installed for all presets.
    33→var defaultPackages []string = []string{
    34→	"python3-pip",
    35→	"python3-venv",
    36→}
    37→
    38→// defaultSnaps is the set of snaps installed for all presets.
    39→var defaultSnaps map[string]SnapConfig = map[string]SnapConfig{
    40→	"charmcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
    41→	"jq":         {Channel: "latest/stable"},
    42→	"yq":         {Channel: "latest/stable"},
    43→}
    44→
    45→// defaultLXDConfig is the standard LXD config used throughout presets.
    46→var defaultLXDConfig lxdConfig = lxdConfig{
    47→	Enable:    true,
    48→	Bootstrap: true,
    49→}
    50→
    51→// defaultMicroK8sConfig is the standard MicroK8s config used throughout presets.
    52→var defaultMicroK8sConfig microk8sConfig = microk8sConfig{
    53→	Enable:    true,
    54→	Bootstrap: true,
    55→	Addons: []string{
    56→		"hostpath-storage",
    57→		"dns",
    58→		"rbac",
    59→		"metallb:10.64.140.43-10.64.140.49",
    60→	},
    61→}
    62→
    63→// defaultK8sConfig is the standard K8s config used throughout presets.
    64→var defaultK8sConfig k8sConfig = k8sConfig{
    65→	Enable:               true,
    66→	Bootstrap:            true,
    67→	BootstrapConstraints: map[string]string{"root-disk": "2G"},
    68→	Features: map[string]map[string]string{
    69→		"load-balancer": {
    70→			"l2-mode": "true",
    71→			"cidrs":   "10.43.45.0/28",
    72→		},
    73→		"local-storage": {},
    74→		"network":       {},
    75→	},
    76→}
    77→
    78→// machinePreset is a configuration preset designed to be used when testing
    79→// machine charms.
    80→var machinePreset *Config = &Config{
    81→	Juju: defaultJujuConfig,
    82→	Providers: providerConfig{
    83→		LXD: defaultLXDConfig,
    84→	},
    85→	Host: hostConfig{
    86→		Packages: defaultPackages,
    87→		Snaps: MergeMaps(defaultSnaps, map[string]SnapConfig{
    88→			"snapcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
    89→		}),
    90→	},
    91→}
    92→
    93→// k8sPreset is a configuration preset designed to be used when testing
    94→// k8s charms.
    95→var k8sPreset *Config = &Config{
    96→	Juju: defaultJujuConfig,
    97→	Providers: providerConfig{
    98→		// Enable LXD so charms can be built, but don't bootstrap onto it.
    99→		LXD: lxdConfig{Enable: true},
   100→		K8s: defaultK8sConfig,
   101→	},
   102→	Host: hostConfig{
   103→		Packages: defaultPackages,
   104→		Snaps: MergeMaps(defaultSnaps, map[string]SnapConfig{
   105→			"rockcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
   106→		}),
   107→	},
   108→}
   109→
   110→// microk8sPreset is a configuration preset designed to be used when testing
   111→// k8s charms.
   112→var microk8sPreset *Config = &Config{
   113→	Juju: defaultJujuConfig,
   114→	Providers: providerConfig{
   115→		// Enable LXD so charms can be built, but don't bootstrap onto it.
   116→		LXD:      lxdConfig{Enable: true},
   117→		MicroK8s: defaultMicroK8sConfig,
   118→	},
   119→	Host: hostConfig{
   120→		Packages: defaultPackages,
   121→		Snaps: MergeMaps(defaultSnaps, map[string]SnapConfig{
   122→			"rockcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
   123→		}),
   124→	},
   125→}
   126→
   127→// devPreset combines both the LXD and K8s presets, designed to be used by
   128→// developers when iterating on charms.
   129→var devPreset *Config = &Config{
   130→	Juju: defaultJujuConfig,
   131→	Providers: providerConfig{
   132→		LXD: defaultLXDConfig,
   133→		K8s: defaultK8sConfig,
   134→	},
   135→	Host: hostConfig{
   136→		Packages: defaultPackages,
   137→		Snaps: MergeMaps(defaultSnaps, map[string]SnapConfig{
   138→			"rockcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
   139→			"snapcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
   140→			"jhack":     {Channel: "latest/stable", Connections: []string{"jhack:dot-local-share-juju"}},
   141→		}),
   142→	},
   143→}
   144→
   145→// craftsPreset installs each of the crafts, and configures LXD, but disables Juju.
   146→// Useful for workflows where only artifacts need to be built.
   147→var craftsPreset *Config = &Config{
   148→	Juju: jujuConfig{
   149→		Disable: true,
   150→	},
   151→	Providers: providerConfig{
   152→		LXD: defaultLXDConfig,
   153→	},
   154→	Host: hostConfig{
   155→		Packages: defaultPackages,
   156→		Snaps: MergeMaps(defaultSnaps, map[string]SnapConfig{
   157→			"rockcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
   158→			"snapcraft": {Channel: "latest/stable"},
   159→		}),
   160→	},
   161→}
   162→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/presets.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package config
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"bytes"
     5→	"errors"
     6→	"fmt"
     7→	"log/slog"
     8→	"os"
     9→	"strings"
    10→
    11→	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
    12→	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
    13→	"github.com/spf13/viper"
    14→)
    15→
    16→func init() {
    17→	viper.SetConfigType("yaml")
    18→	viper.SetConfigName("concierge")
    19→	viper.AddConfigPath(".")
    20→
    21→	viper.SetEnvPrefix("CONCIERGE")
    22→	viper.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer("-", "_"))
    23→	viper.AutomaticEnv()
    24→}
    25→
    26→func NewConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, flags *pflag.FlagSet) (*Config, error) {
    27→	var conf *Config
    28→	var err error
    29→
    30→	bindFlags(cmd)
    31→
    32→	// Grab the relevant command line flags
    33→	configFile, _ := flags.GetString("config")
    34→	preset, _ := flags.GetString("preset")
    35→	verbose, _ := flags.GetBool("verbose")
    36→	trace, _ := flags.GetBool("trace")
    37→
    38→	if len(preset) > 0 {
    39→		conf, err = Preset(preset)
    40→		if err != nil {
    41→			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load configuration preset: %w", err)
    42→		}
    43→		slog.Info("Preset selected", "preset", preset)
    44→	} else {
    45→		// Load and validate the configuration file
    46→		conf, err = parseConfig(configFile)
    47→		if err != nil {
    48→			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse configuration: %w", err)
    49→		}
    50→	}
    51→
    52→	conf.Overrides = getOverrides(flags)
    53→	conf.Verbose = verbose
    54→	conf.Trace = trace
    55→
    56→	return conf, nil
    57→}
    58→
    59→// parseConfig locates and parses the concierge configuration.
    60→func parseConfig(configFile string) (*Config, error) {
    61→	// If the user specified a path to the config file manually, load that file
    62→	if len(configFile) > 0 {
    63→		b, err := os.ReadFile(configFile)
    64→		if err != nil {
    65→			return nil, errors.New("unable to read specified config file")
    66→		}
    67→
    68→		err = viper.ReadConfig(bytes.NewBuffer(b))
    69→		if err != nil {
    70→			return nil, errors.New("error parsing concierge config file")
    71→		}
    72→
    73→		slog.Info("Configuration file found", "path", configFile)
    74→	} else {
    75→		// Otherwise check in the default locations
    76→		err := viper.ReadInConfig()
    77→		if err != nil {
    78→			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Not Found") {
    79→				slog.Info("No config file found, falling back to 'dev' preset")
    80→
    81→				conf, err := Preset("dev")
    82→				if err != nil {
    83→					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load configuration preset: %w", err)
    84→				}
    85→
    86→				return conf, nil
    87→			}
    88→
    89→			return nil, errors.New("error parsing concierge config file")
    90→		}
    91→
    92→		slog.Info("Configuration file found", "path", "concierge.yaml")
    93→	}
    94→
    95→	conf := &Config{}
    96→	err := viper.Unmarshal(conf)
    97→	if err != nil {
    98→		return nil, errors.New("error parsing concierge config file")
    99→	}
   100→
   101→	return conf, nil
   102→}
   103→
   104→// getOverrides parses the cli flags related to config overrides and returns a constructed
   105→// ConfigOverrides struct.
   106→func getOverrides(flags *pflag.FlagSet) ConfigOverrides {
   107→	return ConfigOverrides{
   108→		DisableJuju:       envOrFlagBool(flags, "disable-juju"),
   109→		JujuChannel:       envOrFlagString(flags, "juju-channel"),
   110→		K8sChannel:        envOrFlagString(flags, "k8s-channel"),
   111→		MicroK8sChannel:   envOrFlagString(flags, "microk8s-channel"),
   112→		LXDChannel:        envOrFlagString(flags, "lxd-channel"),
   113→		CharmcraftChannel: envOrFlagString(flags, "charmcraft-channel"),
   114→		SnapcraftChannel:  envOrFlagString(flags, "snapcraft-channel"),
   115→		RockcraftChannel:  envOrFlagString(flags, "rockcraft-channel"),
   116→
   117→		GoogleCredentialFile: envOrFlagString(flags, "google-credential-file"),
   118→
   119→		ExtraSnaps: envOrFlagSlice(flags, "extra-snaps"),
   120→		ExtraDebs:  envOrFlagSlice(flags, "extra-debs"),
   121→	}
   122→}
   123→
   124→// envOrFlagBool returns a boolean config value set from env var or flag, priority on env var.
   125→func envOrFlagBool(flags *pflag.FlagSet, key string) bool {
   126→	value, _ := flags.GetBool(key)
   127→	if v := viper.GetBool(key); v {
   128→		value = v
   129→	}
   130→	return value
   131→}
   132→
   133→// envOrFlagString returns a string config value set from env var or flag, priority on env var.
   134→func envOrFlagString(flags *pflag.FlagSet, key string) string {
   135→	value, _ := flags.GetString(key)
   136→	if v := viper.GetString(key); v != "" {
   137→		value = v
   138→	}
   139→	return value
   140→}
   141→
   142→// envOrFlagSlice returns a slice config value set from env var or flag, priority on env var.
   143→func envOrFlagSlice(flags *pflag.FlagSet, key string) []string {
   144→	value, _ := flags.GetStringSlice(key)
   145→
   146→	if v := viper.GetString(key); v != "" {
   147→		parts := strings.Split(v, ",")
   148→		for _, p := range parts {
   149→			extraValue := p
   150→			value = append(value, extraValue)
   151→		}
   152→	}
   153→
   154→	return value
   155→}
   156→
   157→// bindFlags ensures that for each flag defined, the equivalent env var is also check for a value.
   158→func bindFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) {
   159→	cmd.Flags().VisitAll(func(f *pflag.Flag) {
   160→		// Environment variables can't have dashes in them, so bind them to their equivalent keys with underscores
   161→		if strings.Contains(f.Name, "-") {
   162→			viper.BindEnv(f.Name, flagToEnvVar(f.Name))
   163→		}
   164→
   165→		// Apply the viper config value to the flag when the flag is not set and viper has a value
   166→		if !f.Changed && viper.IsSet(f.Name) {
   167→			val := viper.Get(f.Name)
   168→			slog.Debug("Override detected in environment", "override", f.Name, "value", fmt.Sprintf("%v", val), "env_var", flagToEnvVar(f.Name))
   169→			cmd.Flags().Set(f.Name, fmt.Sprintf("%v", val))
   170→		}
   171→	})
   172→}
   173→
   174→// flagToEnvVar converts command flag name to equivalent environment variable name
   175→func flagToEnvVar(flag string) string {
   176→	envVarSuffix := strings.ToUpper(strings.ReplaceAll(flag, "-", "_"))
   177→	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", viper.GetEnvPrefix(), envVarSuffix)
   178→}
   179→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/loader.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/utils/logging.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/utils/shell.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package system
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"os/user"
     5→	"time"
     6→)
     7→
     8→// Worker is an interface for a struct that can run commands on the underlying system.
     9→type Worker interface {
    10→	// User returns the 'real user' the system executes command as. This may be different from
    11→	// the current user since the command is often executed with `sudo`.
    12→	User() *user.User
    13→	// Run takes a single command and runs it, returning the combined output and an error value.
    14→	Run(c *Command) ([]byte, error)
    15→	// RunMany takes multiple commands and runs them in sequence, returning an error on the
    16→	// first error encountered.
    17→	RunMany(commands ...*Command) error
    18→	// RunExclusive is a wrapper around Run that uses a mutex to ensure that only one of that
    19→	// particular command can be run at a time.
    20→	RunExclusive(c *Command) ([]byte, error)
    21→	// RunWithRetries executes the command, retrying utilising an exponential backoff pattern,
    22→	// which starts at 1 second. Retries will be attempted up to the specified maximum duration.
    23→	RunWithRetries(c *Command, maxDuration time.Duration) ([]byte, error)
    24→	// WriteHomeDirFile takes a path relative to the real user's home dir, and writes the contents
    25→	// specified to it.
    26→	WriteHomeDirFile(filepath string, contents []byte) error
    27→	// MkHomeSubdirectory takes a relative folder path and creates it recursively in the real
    28→	// user's home directory.
    29→	MkHomeSubdirectory(subdirectory string) error
    30→	// RemoveAllHome recursively removes a file path from the user's home directory.
    31→	RemoveAllHome(filePath string) error
    32→	// ReadHomeDirFile reads a file from the user's home directory.
    33→	ReadHomeDirFile(filepath string) ([]byte, error)
    34→	// ReadFile reads a file with an arbitrary path from the system.
    35→	ReadFile(filePath string) ([]byte, error)
    36→	// SnapInfo returns information about a given snap, looking up details in the snap
    37→	// store using the snapd client API where necessary.
    38→	SnapInfo(snap string, channel string) (*SnapInfo, error)
    39→	// SnapChannels returns the list of channels available for a given snap.
    40→	SnapChannels(snap string) ([]string, error)
    41→}
    42→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

     1→package system
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"log/slog"
     5→	"os/exec"
     6→
     7→	"github.com/canonical/x-go/strutil/shlex"
     8→)
     9→
    10→// Command represents a given command to be executed by Concierge, along with the
    11→// user and group that should be assumed if required.
    12→type Command struct {
    13→	Executable string
    14→	Args       []string
    15→	User       string
    16→	Group      string
    17→}
    18→
    19→// NewCommand constructs a command to be run as the current user/group.
    20→func NewCommand(executable string, args []string) *Command {
    21→	return &Command{
    22→		Executable: executable,
    23→		Args:       args,
    24→		User:       "",
    25→		Group:      "",
    26→	}
    27→}
    28→
    29→// NewCommandAs constructs a command to be run as the specified user/group.
    30→func NewCommandAs(user string, group string, executable string, args []string) *Command {
    31→	if user == "root" {
    32→		return NewCommand(executable, args)
    33→	}
    34→
    35→	return &Command{
    36→		Executable: executable,
    37→		Args:       args,
    38→		User:       user,
    39→		Group:      group,
    40→	}
    41→}
    42→
    43→// CommandString puts together a command to be executed in a shell, including the `sudo`
    44→// command and its arguments where appropriate.
    45→func (c *Command) CommandString() string {
    46→	path, err := exec.LookPath(c.Executable)
    47→	if err != nil {
    48→		slog.Debug("Failed to lookup command in path", "command", c.Executable)
    49→		path = c.Executable
    50→	}
    51→
    52→	cmdArgs := []string{}
    53→
    54→	if len(c.User) > 0 || len(c.Group) > 0 {
    55→		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, "sudo")
    56→	}
    57→
    58→	if len(c.User) > 0 {
    59→		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, "-u", c.User)
    60→	}
    61→
    62→	if len(c.Group) > 0 {
    63→		cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, "-g", c.Group)
    64→	}
    65→
    66→	cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, path)
    67→	cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, c.Args...)
    68→
    69→	return shlex.Join(cmdArgs)
    70→}
    71→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

internal/system/snap.go:18:type SnapInfo struct {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-19-	Installed       bool
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-20-	Classic         bool
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-21-	TrackingChannel string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-22-}
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-23-
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-24-// Snap represents a given snap on a given channel.
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-25-type Snap struct {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-26-	Name        string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-27-	Channel     string
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/snap.go-28-	Connections []string

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/command.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/worker.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/cli/app.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/cli/prepare.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/cli/restore.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/cli/status.py

<system-reminder>Warning: the file exists but is shorter than the provided offset (1). The file has 1 lines.</system-reminder>

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/__init__.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/__main__.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

 Usage: concierge [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...                                   
                                                                                
 Provisioning tool for charm development environments                           
                                                                                
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --verbose             -v        Enable verbose output                        │
│ --trace                         Enable trace output (includes command        │
│                                 output)                                      │
│ --install-completion            Install completion for the current shell.    │
│ --show-completion               Show completion for the current shell, to    │
│                                 copy it or customize the installation.       │
│ --help                          Show this message and exit.                  │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Commands ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ version   Show Concierge version.                                            │
│ prepare   Provision charm development environment                            │
│ restore   Restore machine to original state                                  │
│ status    Check provisioning status                                          │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

Concierge version 0.1.0
                                                                                
 Usage: concierge prepare [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...                           
                                                                                
 Provision charm development environment                                        
                                                                                
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --preset                  -p      TEXT  Configuration preset (dev, k8s,      │
│                                         microk8s, machine, crafts)           │
│ --config                  -c      TEXT  Path to configuration file           │
│ --disable-juju                          Disable Juju installation            │
│ --juju-channel                    TEXT  Juju snap channel                    │
│ --lxd-channel                     TEXT  LXD snap channel                     │
│ --microk8s-channel                TEXT  MicroK8s snap channel                │
│ --k8s-channel                     TEXT  Kubernetes snap channel              │
│ --charmcraft-channel              TEXT  Charmcraft snap channel              │
│ --snapcraft-channel               TEXT  Snapcraft snap channel               │
│ --rockcraft-channel               TEXT  Rockcraft snap channel               │
│ --google-credential-file          TEXT  Path to Google Cloud credentials     │
│                                         file                                 │
│ --extra-snaps                     TEXT  Additional snaps to install          │
│ --extra-debs                      TEXT  Additional APT packages to install   │
│ --help                                  Show this message and exit.          │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
2025-12-12T21:53:52.031480Z [info     ] Preset selected           preset=dev
2025-12-12T21:53:52.032148Z [info     ] Configuration loaded successfully
Prepare command implementation pending...
Loaded config with preset: dev
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package system
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"context"
     5→	"errors"
     6→	"fmt"
     7→	"io/fs"
     8→	"log/slog"
     9→	"os"
    10→	"os/exec"
    11→	"os/user"
    12→	"path"
    13→	"path/filepath"
    14→	"strconv"
    15→	"strings"
    16→	"sync"
    17→	"time"
    18→
    19→	retry "github.com/sethvargo/go-retry"
    20→	client "github.com/snapcore/snapd/client"
    21→)
    22→
    23→// NewSystem constructs a new command system.
    24→func NewSystem(trace bool) (*System, error) {
    25→	realUser, err := realUser()
    26→	if err != nil {
    27→		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup effective user details: %w", err)
    28→	}
    29→	return &System{
    30→		trace:      trace,
    31→		user:       realUser,
    32→		cmdMutexes: map[string]*sync.Mutex{},
    33→		snapd:      *client.New(nil),
    34→	}, nil
    35→}
    36→
    37→// System represents a struct that can run commands.
    38→type System struct {
    39→	trace bool
    40→	user  *user.User
    41→	snapd client.Client
    42→	// Map of mutexes to prevent the concurrent execution of certain commands.
    43→	cmdMutexes map[string]*sync.Mutex
    44→}
    45→
    46→// User returns a user struct containing details of the "real" user, which
    47→// may differ from the current user when concierge is executed with `sudo`.
    48→func (s *System) User() *user.User { return s.user }
    49→
    50→// Run executes the command, returning the stdout/stderr where appropriate.
    51→func (s *System) Run(c *Command) ([]byte, error) {
    52→	logger := slog.Default()
    53→	if len(c.User) > 0 {
    54→		logger = slog.With("user", c.User)
    55→	}
    56→	if len(c.Group) > 0 {
    57→		logger = slog.With("group", c.Group)
    58→	}
    59→
    60→	shell, err := getShellPath()
    61→	if err != nil {
    62→		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine shell path to run command")
    63→	}
    64→
    65→	commandString := c.CommandString()
    66→	cmd := exec.Command(shell, "-c", commandString)
    67→
    68→	logger.Debug("Starting command", "command", commandString)
    69→
    70→	start := time.Now()
    71→	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
    72→
    73→	elapsed := time.Since(start)
    74→	logger.Debug("Finished command", "command", commandString, "elapsed", elapsed)
    75→
    76→	if s.trace || err != nil {
    77→		fmt.Print(generateTraceMessage(commandString, output))
    78→	}
    79→
    80→	return output, err
    81→}
    82→
    83→// RunWithRetries executes the command, retrying utilising an exponential backoff pattern,
    84→// which starts at 1 second. Retries will be attempted up to the specified maximum duration.
    85→func (s *System) RunWithRetries(c *Command, maxDuration time.Duration) ([]byte, error) {
    86→	backoff := retry.NewExponential(1 * time.Second)
    87→	backoff = retry.WithMaxDuration(maxDuration, backoff)
    88→	ctx := context.Background()
    89→
    90→	return retry.DoValue(ctx, backoff, func(ctx context.Context) ([]byte, error) {
    91→		output, err := s.Run(c)
    92→		if err != nil {
    93→			return nil, retry.RetryableError(err)
    94→		}
    95→
    96→		return output, nil
    97→	})
    98→}
    99→
   100→// RunMany takes a variadic number of Command's, and runs them in a loop, returning
   101→// and error if any command fails.
   102→func (s *System) RunMany(commands ...*Command) error {
   103→	for _, cmd := range commands {
   104→		_, err := s.Run(cmd)
   105→		if err != nil {
   106→			return err
   107→		}
   108→	}
   109→	return nil
   110→}
   111→
   112→// RunExclusive is a wrapper around Run that uses a mutex to ensure that only one of that
   113→// particular command can be run at a time.
   114→func (s *System) RunExclusive(c *Command) ([]byte, error) {
   115→	mtx, ok := s.cmdMutexes[c.Executable]
   116→	if !ok {
   117→		mtx = &sync.Mutex{}
   118→		s.cmdMutexes[c.Executable] = mtx
   119→	}
   120→
   121→	mtx.Lock()
   122→	defer mtx.Unlock()
   123→
   124→	output, err := s.Run(c)
   125→	return output, err
   126→}
   127→
   128→// WriteHomeDirFile takes a path relative to the real user's home dir, and writes the contents
   129→// specified to it.
   130→func (s *System) WriteHomeDirFile(filePath string, contents []byte) error {
   131→	dir := path.Dir(filePath)
   132→
   133→	err := s.MkHomeSubdirectory(dir)
   134→	if err != nil {
   135→		return err
   136→	}
   137→
   138→	filePath = path.Join(path.Join(s.user.HomeDir, filePath))
   139→
   140→	if err := os.WriteFile(filePath, contents, 0644); err != nil {
   141→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write file '%s': %w", filePath, err)
   142→	}
   143→
   144→	err = s.chownRecursively(filePath, s.user)
   145→	if err != nil {
   146→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to change ownership of file '%s': %w", filePath, err)
   147→	}
   148→
   149→	return nil
   150→}
   151→
   152→// MkHomeSubdirectory takes a relative folder path and creates it recursively in the real
   153→// user's home directory.
   154→func (s *System) MkHomeSubdirectory(subdirectory string) error {
   155→	if path.IsAbs(subdirectory) {
   156→		return fmt.Errorf("only relative paths supported")
   157→	}
   158→
   159→	dir := path.Join(s.user.HomeDir, subdirectory)
   160→
   161→	err := os.MkdirAll(dir, os.ModePerm)
   162→	if err != nil {
   163→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
   164→	}
   165→
   166→	parts := strings.Split(subdirectory, "/")
   167→	if len(parts) > 0 {
   168→		dir = path.Join(s.user.HomeDir, parts[0])
   169→	}
   170→
   171→	err = s.chownRecursively(dir, s.user)
   172→	if err != nil {
   173→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to change ownership of directory '%s': %w", dir, err)
   174→	}
   175→
   176→	return nil
   177→}
   178→
   179→// ReadHomeDirFile takes a path relative to the real user's home dir, and reads the content
   180→// from the file
   181→func (s *System) ReadHomeDirFile(filePath string) ([]byte, error) {
   182→	homePath := path.Join(s.user.HomeDir, filePath)
   183→	return s.ReadFile(homePath)
   184→}
   185→
   186→// ReadFile takes a path and reads the content from the specified file.
   187→func (s *System) ReadFile(filePath string) ([]byte, error) {
   188→	if _, err := os.Stat(filePath); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
   189→		return nil, fmt.Errorf("file '%s' does not exist: %w", filePath, err)
   190→	}
   191→	return os.ReadFile(filePath)
   192→}
   193→
   194→// RemoveAllHome recursively removes a file path from the user's home directory.
   195→func (s *System) RemoveAllHome(filePath string) error {
   196→	return os.RemoveAll(path.Join(s.user.HomeDir, filePath))
   197→}
   198→
   199→// ChownRecursively recursively changes ownership of a given filepath to the uid/gid of
   200→// the specified user.
   201→func (s *System) chownRecursively(path string, user *user.User) error {
   202→	uid, err := strconv.Atoi(user.Uid)
   203→	if err != nil {
   204→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert user id string to int: %w", err)
   205→	}
   206→	gid, err := strconv.Atoi(user.Gid)
   207→	if err != nil {
   208→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert group id string to int: %w", err)
   209→	}
   210→
   211→	err = filepath.WalkDir(path, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
   212→		if err != nil {
   213→			return err
   214→		}
   215→
   216→		err = os.Chown(path, uid, gid)
   217→		if err != nil {
   218→			return err
   219→		}
   220→
   221→		return nil
   222→	})
   223→
   224→	slog.Debug("Filesystem ownership changed", "user", user.Username, "group", user.Gid, "path", path)
   225→	return err
   226→}
   227→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

internal/system/util.go:15:func generateTraceMessage(cmd string, output []byte) string {
internal/system/util.go-16-	green := color.New(color.FgGreen, color.Bold, color.Underline)
internal/system/util.go-17-	bold := color.New(color.Bold)
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-18-
internal/system/util.go-19-	result := fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n", green.Sprint("Command:"), bold.Sprint(cmd))
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-20-	if len(output) > 0 {
internal/system/util.go-21-		result = fmt.Sprintf("%s%s\n%s", result, green.Sprintf("Output:"), string(output))
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-22-	}
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-23-	return result
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-24-}
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-25-
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-26-// getShellPath tries to find the path to the user's preferred shell, as per the `SHELL“
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-27-// environment variable. If that cannot be found, it looks for a path to "bash", and to
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-28-// "sh" in that order. If no shell can be found, then an error is returned.
internal/system/util.go:29:func getShellPath() (string, error) {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-30-	// If the `SHELL` var is set, return that.
internal/system/util.go-31-	shellVar := os.Getenv("SHELL")
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-32-	if len(shellVar) > 0 {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-33-		return shellVar, nil
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-34-	}
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-35-
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-36-	// Try both the command name (to lookup in PATH), and common default paths.
internal/system/util.go-37-	for _, shell := range []string{"bash", "/bin/bash", "sh", "/bin/sh"} {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-38-		// Check if the shell path exists
internal/system/util.go-39-		if _, err := os.Stat(shell); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-40-			// If the path doesn't exist, the lookup the value in the `PATH` variable
internal/system/util.go-41-			path, err := exec.LookPath(shell)
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-42-			if err != nil {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-43-				continue
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-44-			}
--
internal/system/util.go:55:func realUser() (*user.User, error) {
internal/system/util.go-56-	realUser := os.Getenv("SUDO_USER")
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-57-	if len(realUser) == 0 {
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-58-		return user.Lookup("root")
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-59-	}
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-60-
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-61-	return user.Lookup(realUser)
/home/ubuntu/concierge/internal/system/util.go-62-}

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/exceptions.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/runner.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package system
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"context"
     5→	"errors"
     6→	"fmt"
     7→	"log/slog"
     8→	"os"
     9→	"slices"
    10→	"strings"
    11→	"time"
    12→
    13→	retry "github.com/sethvargo/go-retry"
    14→	client "github.com/snapcore/snapd/client"
    15→)
    16→
    17→// SnapInfo represents information about a snap fetched from the snapd API.
    18→type SnapInfo struct {
    19→	Installed       bool
    20→	Classic         bool
    21→	TrackingChannel string
    22→}
    23→
    24→// Snap represents a given snap on a given channel.
    25→type Snap struct {
    26→	Name        string
    27→	Channel     string
    28→	Connections []string
    29→}
    30→
    31→// NewSnap returns a new Snap package.
    32→func NewSnap(name, channel string, connections []string) *Snap {
    33→	return &Snap{Name: name, Channel: channel, Connections: connections}
    34→}
    35→
    36→// NewSnapFromString returns a constructed snap instance, where the snap is
    37→// specified in shorthand form, i.e. `charmcraft/latest/edge`.
    38→func NewSnapFromString(snap string) *Snap {
    39→	before, after, found := strings.Cut(snap, "/")
    40→	if found {
    41→		return NewSnap(before, after, []string{})
    42→	} else {
    43→		return NewSnap(before, "", []string{})
    44→	}
    45→}
    46→
    47→// SnapInfo returns information about a given snap, looking up details in the snap
    48→// store using the snapd client API where necessary.
    49→func (s *System) SnapInfo(snap string, channel string) (*SnapInfo, error) {
    50→	classic, err := s.snapIsClassic(snap, channel)
    51→	if err != nil {
    52→		return nil, err
    53→	}
    54→
    55→	installed, trackingChannel := s.snapInstalledInfo(snap)
    56→
    57→	slog.Debug("Queried snapd API", "snap", snap, "installed", installed, "classic", classic, "tracking", trackingChannel)
    58→	return &SnapInfo{Installed: installed, Classic: classic, TrackingChannel: trackingChannel}, nil
    59→}
    60→
    61→// SnapChannels returns the list of channels available for a given snap.
    62→func (s *System) SnapChannels(snap string) ([]string, error) {
    63→	// Fetch the channels from
    64→	if _, err := os.Stat("/run/snapd.socket"); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
    65→		return nil, err
    66→	}
    67→
    68→	storeSnap, err := s.withRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Snap, error) {
    69→		snap, _, err := s.snapd.FindOne(snap)
    70→		if err != nil {
    71→			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "snap not found") {
    72→				return nil, err
    73→			}
    74→			return nil, retry.RetryableError(err)
    75→
    76→		}
    77→		return snap, nil
    78→	})
    79→	if err != nil {
    80→		return nil, err
    81→	}
    82→
    83→	channels := make([]string, len(storeSnap.Channels))
    84→
    85→	i := 0
    86→	for k := range storeSnap.Channels {
    87→		channels[i] = k
    88→		i++
    89→	}
    90→
    91→	slices.Sort(channels)
    92→	slices.Reverse(channels)
    93→
    94→	return channels, nil
    95→}
    96→
    97→// snapInstalledInfo is a helper that reports if the snap is currently installed
    98→// and returns its tracking channel. The tracking channel is the channel the snap
    99→// is currently following (e.g., "latest/stable"). Returns empty string if the
   100→// snap is not installed or if the tracking channel cannot be determined.
   101→func (s *System) snapInstalledInfo(name string) (bool, string) {
   102→	snap, err := s.withRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Snap, error) {
   103→		snap, _, err := s.snapd.Snap(name)
   104→		if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "snap not installed") {
   105→			return snap, nil
   106→		} else if err != nil {
   107→			return nil, retry.RetryableError(err)
   108→		}
   109→		return snap, nil
   110→	})
   111→	if err != nil || snap == nil {
   112→		return false, ""
   113→	}
   114→
   115→	if snap.Status == client.StatusActive {
   116→		trackingChannel := snap.TrackingChannel
   117→		if trackingChannel == "" {
   118→			trackingChannel = snap.Channel
   119→		}
   120→		return true, trackingChannel
   121→	}
   122→
   123→	return false, ""
   124→}
   125→
   126→// snapIsClassic reports whether or not the snap at the tip of the specified channel uses
   127→// Classic confinement or not.
   128→func (s *System) snapIsClassic(name, channel string) (bool, error) {
   129→	snap, err := s.withRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Snap, error) {
   130→		snap, _, err := s.snapd.FindOne(name)
   131→		if err != nil {
   132→			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "snap not found") {
   133→				return nil, err
   134→			}
   135→			return nil, retry.RetryableError(err)
   136→		}
   137→		return snap, nil
   138→	})
   139→	if err != nil {
   140→		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to find snap: %w", err)
   141→	}
   142→
   143→	c, ok := snap.Channels[channel]
   144→	if ok {
   145→		return c.Confinement == "classic", nil
   146→	}
   147→
   148→	return snap.Confinement == "classic", nil
   149→}
   150→
   151→func (s *System) withRetry(f func(ctx context.Context) (*client.Snap, error)) (*client.Snap, error) {
   152→	backoff := retry.NewExponential(1 * time.Second)
   153→	backoff = retry.WithMaxRetries(10, backoff)
   154→	ctx := context.Background()
   155→	return retry.DoValue(ctx, backoff, f)
   156→}
   157→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/snap.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→"""Async command execution with retry and locking support."""
     2→
     3→import asyncio
     4→import os
     5→import pwd
     6→import shutil
     7→import time
     8→from pathlib import Path
     9→from typing import ClassVar
    10→
    11→import structlog
    12→from rich.console import Console
    13→from rich.panel import Panel
    14→from rich.syntax import Syntax
    15→from tenacity import (
    16→    retry,
    17→    retry_if_exception_type,
    18→    stop_after_delay,
    19→    wait_exponential,
    20→)
    21→
    22→from concierge.system.command import Command, Snap, SnapInfo
    23→from concierge.system.exceptions import CommandError, SnapError
    24→
    25→logger = structlog.get_logger()
    26→console = Console()
    27→
    28→
    29→def get_real_user() -> pwd.struct_passwd:
    30→    """
    31→    Get the 'real user' accounting for sudo.
    32→
    33→    When running with sudo, SUDO_USER contains the original user.
    34→    Otherwise, falls back to current user.
    35→
    36→    Returns:
    37→        struct_passwd: User information
    38→    """
    39→    sudo_user = os.environ.get("SUDO_USER")
    40→    if sudo_user:
    41→        try:
    42→            return pwd.getpwnam(sudo_user)
    43→        except KeyError:
    44→            pass
    45→
    46→    # Fall back to current user
    47→    return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
    48→
    49→
    50→def get_shell_path() -> str:

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/runner.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
    18→    stop_after_delay,
    19→    wait_exponential,
    20→)
    21→
    22→from concierge.system.command import Command, Snap, SnapInfo
    23→from concierge.system.exceptions import CommandError, SnapError
    24→from concierge.system.snap import SnapdClient
    25→
    26→logger = structlog.get_logger()
    27→console = Console()
    28→
    29→
    30→def get_real_user() -> pwd.struct_passwd:
    31→    """

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/runner.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
    89→
    90→    # Class-level lock storage for exclusive commands
    91→    _locks: ClassVar[dict[str, asyncio.Lock]] = {}
    92→
    93→    def __init__(self, trace: bool = False):
    94→        """
    95→        Initialize system executor.
    96→
    97→        Args:
    98→            trace: Enable trace mode (prints all command output)
    99→        """
   100→        self.trace = trace
   101→        self._user = get_real_user()
   102→        self._shell = get_shell_path()
   103→        self._snapd = SnapdClient()
   104→
   105→    @property
   106→    def user(self) -> pwd.struct_passwd:
   107→        """Get the real user."""

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/system/runner.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
   376→            )
   377→        except Exception as e:
   378→            logger.warning("Failed to change ownership", path=str(path), error=str(e))
   379→
   380→    async def snap_info(self, snap: str, channel: str = "") -> SnapInfo:
   381→        """
   382→        Get snap information via snapd API.
   383→
   384→        Args:
   385→            snap: Snap package name
   386→            channel: Optional channel to query
   387→
   388→        Returns:
   389→            SnapInfo: Snap information
   390→
   391→        Raises:
   392→            SnapError: If snap cannot be found
   393→        """
   394→        return await self._snapd.snap_info(snap, channel)
   395→
   396→    async def snap_channels(self, snap: str) -> list[str]:
   397→        """
   398→        Get available channels for a snap.
   399→
   400→        Args:
   401→            snap: Snap package name
   402→
   403→        Returns:
   404→            list[str]: Available channels
   405→
   406→        Raises:
   407→            SnapError: If snap cannot be found
   408→        """
   409→        return await self._snapd.snap_channels(snap)
   410→

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/mocks/mock_system.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/conftest.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_command.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_config.py

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.14.2, pytest-9.0.2, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/.venv/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: asyncio-1.3.0, cov-7.0.0, mock-3.15.1
asyncio: mode=Mode.AUTO, debug=False, asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope=None, asyncio_default_test_loop_scope=function
collecting ... collected 7 items

tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_simple PASSED                   [ 14%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_with_user PASSED                [ 28%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_with_user_and_group PASSED      [ 42%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_root_user PASSED                [ 57%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_snap_info PASSED                        [ 71%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_snap PASSED                             [ 85%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_snap_default_channel PASSED             [100%]

================================ tests coverage ================================
_______________ coverage: platform linux, python 3.14.2-final-0 ________________

Name                                 Stmts   Miss  Cover
--------------------------------------------------------
src/concierge/__main__.py                1      1     0%
src/concierge/cli/app.py                32     32     0%
src/concierge/cli/prepare.py            34     34     0%
src/concierge/cli/restore.py            20     20     0%
src/concierge/cli/status.py             17     17     0%
src/concierge/config/loader.py         127    127     0%
src/concierge/config/models.py          98     98     0%
src/concierge/config/presets.py         27     27     0%
src/concierge/system/command.py         34      1    97%
src/concierge/system/exceptions.py       8      4    50%
src/concierge/system/runner.py         125    125     0%
src/concierge/system/snap.py            86     86     0%
src/concierge/system/worker.py          28     28     0%
src/concierge/utils/logging.py          15     15     0%
src/concierge/utils/shell.py             8      8     0%
--------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                                  660    623     6%
Coverage HTML written to dir htmlcov
============================== 7 passed in 0.75s ===============================
warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.14.2, pytest-9.0.2, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/.venv/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: asyncio-1.3.0, cov-7.0.0, mock-3.15.1
asyncio: mode=Mode.AUTO, debug=False, asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope=None, asyncio_default_test_loop_scope=function
collecting ... collected 12 items

tests/unit/test_config.py::test_juju_config_defaults PASSED              [  8%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_juju_config_with_aliases PASSED          [ 16%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_status_enum PASSED                       [ 25%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_dev_preset PASSED                        [ 33%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_machine_preset PASSED                    [ 41%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_k8s_preset PASSED                        [ 50%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_microk8s_preset PASSED                   [ 58%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_crafts_preset PASSED                     [ 66%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_unknown_preset PASSED                    [ 75%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_load_config_with_preset PASSED           [ 83%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_load_config_with_overrides PASSED        [ 91%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_load_config_verbose_trace PASSED         [100%]

=============================== warnings summary ===============================
src/concierge/config/models.py:17
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:17: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class SnapConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:29
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:29: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class JujuConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:47
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:47: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class LXDConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:64
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:64: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class GoogleConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:81
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:81: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class MicroK8sConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:99
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:99: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class K8sConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:117
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:117: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class ProviderConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:131
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:131: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class HostConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:159
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:159: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class ConciergeConfig(BaseModel):

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
================================ tests coverage ================================
_______________ coverage: platform linux, python 3.14.2-final-0 ________________

Name                                 Stmts   Miss  Cover
--------------------------------------------------------
src/concierge/__main__.py                1      1     0%
src/concierge/cli/app.py                32     32     0%
src/concierge/cli/prepare.py            34     34     0%
src/concierge/cli/restore.py            20     20     0%
src/concierge/cli/status.py             17     17     0%
src/concierge/config/loader.py         127     83    35%
src/concierge/config/models.py          98      5    95%
src/concierge/config/presets.py         27      0   100%
src/concierge/system/command.py         34     12    65%
src/concierge/system/exceptions.py       8      4    50%
src/concierge/system/runner.py         125    125     0%
src/concierge/system/snap.py            86     86     0%
src/concierge/system/worker.py          28     28     0%
src/concierge/utils/logging.py          15     15     0%
src/concierge/utils/shell.py             8      8     0%
--------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                                  660    470    29%
Coverage HTML written to dir htmlcov
======================== 12 passed, 9 warnings in 1.04s ========================
warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package concierge
     2→
     3→import "fmt"
     4→
     5→const (
     6→	RestoreAction string = "restore"
     7→	PrepareAction string = "prepare"
     8→)
     9→
    10→// Executable is an interface that represents any struct implementing the Prepare/Restore methods.
    11→type Executable interface {
    12→	Prepare() error
    13→	Restore() error
    14→}
    15→
    16→// DoAction takes an Executable, and calls either Prepare() or Restore() according
    17→// to the action parameter.
    18→func DoAction(executable Executable, action string) error {
    19→	switch action {
    20→	case PrepareAction:
    21→		return executable.Prepare()
    22→	case RestoreAction:
    23→		return executable.Restore()
    24→	default:
    25→		return fmt.Errorf("unknown executor action: %s", action)
    26→	}
    27→}
    28→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

     1→package packages
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"fmt"
     5→	"log/slog"
     6→	"strings"
     7→
     8→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
     9→)
    10→
    11→// NewSnapHandler constructs a new instance of a SnapHandler.
    12→func NewSnapHandler(system system.Worker, snaps []*system.Snap) *SnapHandler {
    13→	return &SnapHandler{
    14→		Snaps:  snaps,
    15→		system: system,
    16→	}
    17→}
    18→
    19→// SnapHandler can install or remove a set of snaps.
    20→type SnapHandler struct {
    21→	Snaps  []*system.Snap
    22→	system system.Worker
    23→}
    24→
    25→// Prepare installs a set of snaps on the machine.
    26→func (h *SnapHandler) Prepare() error {
    27→	for _, snap := range h.Snaps {
    28→		err := h.installSnap(snap)
    29→		if err != nil {
    30→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to install snap: %w", err)
    31→		}
    32→
    33→		err = h.connectSnap(snap)
    34→		if err != nil {
    35→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create snap connections: %w", err)
    36→		}
    37→	}
    38→	return nil
    39→}
    40→
    41→// Restore removes a set of snaps from the machine.
    42→func (h *SnapHandler) Restore() error {
    43→	for _, snap := range h.Snaps {
    44→		err := h.removeSnap(snap)
    45→		if err != nil {
    46→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove snap: %w", err)
    47→		}
    48→	}
    49→	return nil
    50→}
    51→
    52→// installSnap ensures that the specified snap is installed at the specified channel.
    53→// If already installed, but on the wrong channel, the snap is refreshed.
    54→func (h *SnapHandler) installSnap(s *system.Snap) error {
    55→	slog.Debug("Installing snap", "snap", s.Name)
    56→	var action, logAction string
    57→
    58→	snapInfo, err := h.system.SnapInfo(s.Name, s.Channel)
    59→	if err != nil {
    60→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup snap details: %w", err)
    61→	}
    62→
    63→	if snapInfo.Installed {
    64→		action = "refresh"
    65→		logAction = "Refreshed"
    66→	} else {
    67→		action = "install"
    68→		logAction = "Installed"
    69→	}
    70→
    71→	args := []string{action, s.Name}
    72→
    73→	if s.Channel != "" {
    74→		args = append(args, "--channel", s.Channel)
    75→	}
    76→
    77→	if snapInfo.Classic {
    78→		args = append(args, "--classic")
    79→	}
    80→
    81→	cmd := system.NewCommand("snap", args)
    82→	_, err = h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
    83→	if err != nil {
    84→		return fmt.Errorf("command failed: %w", err)
    85→	}
    86→
    87→	slog.Info(fmt.Sprintf("%s snap", logAction), "snap", s.Name)
    88→	return nil
    89→}
    90→
    91→// connectSnap ensures that the specified snap interfaces are connected.
    92→func (h *SnapHandler) connectSnap(s *system.Snap) error {
    93→	for _, connection := range s.Connections {
    94→		parts := strings.Split(connection, " ")
    95→		if len(parts) > 2 {
    96→			return fmt.Errorf("too many arguments in snap connection string '%s'", connection)
    97→		}
    98→
    99→		args := append([]string{"connect"}, parts...)
   100→
   101→		cmd := system.NewCommand("snap", args)
   102→		_, err := h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
   103→		if err != nil {
   104→			return fmt.Errorf("command failed: %w", err)
   105→		}
   106→	}
   107→	return nil
   108→}
   109→
   110→// removeSnap uninstalls the specified snap from the system, optionally purging its data.
   111→func (h *SnapHandler) removeSnap(s *system.Snap) error {
   112→	slog.Debug("Removing snap", "snap", s.Name)
   113→	args := []string{"remove", s.Name, "--purge"}
   114→
   115→	cmd := system.NewCommand("snap", args)
   116→	_, err := h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
   117→	if err != nil {
   118→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove snap '%s': %w", s.Name, err)
   119→	}
   120→
   121→	slog.Info("Removed snap", "snap", s.Name)
   122→	return nil
   123→}
   124→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

     1→package packages
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"fmt"
     5→	"log/slog"
     6→
     7→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
     8→)
     9→
    10→// NewDeb constructs a new Deb instance.
    11→func NewDeb(name string) *Deb {
    12→	return &Deb{Name: name}
    13→}
    14→
    15→// Deb is a simple representation of a package installed from the Ubuntu archive.
    16→type Deb struct {
    17→	Name string
    18→}
    19→
    20→// NewDebHandler constructs a new instance of a DebHandler.
    21→func NewDebHandler(system system.Worker, debs []*Deb) *DebHandler {
    22→	return &DebHandler{
    23→		Debs:   debs,
    24→		system: system,
    25→	}
    26→}
    27→
    28→// DebHandler can install or remove a set of debs.
    29→type DebHandler struct {
    30→	Debs   []*Deb
    31→	system system.Worker
    32→}
    33→
    34→// Prepare updates the apt cache and installs a set of debs from the archive.
    35→func (h *DebHandler) Prepare() error {
    36→	if len(h.Debs) == 0 {
    37→		return nil
    38→	}
    39→
    40→	err := h.updateAptCache()
    41→	if err != nil {
    42→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update apt cache: %w", err)
    43→	}
    44→
    45→	for _, deb := range h.Debs {
    46→		err := h.installDeb(deb)
    47→		if err != nil {
    48→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to install deb: %w", err)
    49→		}
    50→	}
    51→	return nil
    52→}
    53→
    54→// Restore removes a set of debs from the machine.
    55→func (h *DebHandler) Restore() error {
    56→	for _, deb := range h.Debs {
    57→		err := h.removeDeb(deb)
    58→		if err != nil {
    59→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove deb: %w", err)
    60→		}
    61→	}
    62→
    63→	cmd := system.NewCommand("apt-get", []string{"autoremove", "-y"})
    64→
    65→	_, err := h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
    66→	if err != nil {
    67→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install apt package: %w", err)
    68→	}
    69→
    70→	return nil
    71→}
    72→
    73→// installDeb uses `apt` to install the package on the system from the archives.
    74→func (h *DebHandler) installDeb(d *Deb) error {
    75→	cmd := system.NewCommand("apt-get", []string{"install", "-y", d.Name})
    76→
    77→	_, err := h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
    78→	if err != nil {
    79→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install apt package '%s': %w", d.Name, err)
    80→	}
    81→
    82→	slog.Info("Installed apt package", "package", d.Name)
    83→	return nil
    84→}
    85→
    86→// Remove uninstalls the deb from the system with `apt`.
    87→func (h *DebHandler) removeDeb(d *Deb) error {
    88→	cmd := system.NewCommand("apt-get", []string{"remove", "-y", d.Name})
    89→
    90→	_, err := h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
    91→	if err != nil {
    92→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove apt package '%s': %w", d.Name, err)
    93→	}
    94→
    95→	slog.Info("Removed apt package", "package", d.Name)
    96→	return nil
    97→}
    98→
    99→// updateAptCache is a helper method to update the host's package cache.
   100→func (h *DebHandler) updateAptCache() error {
   101→	cmd := system.NewCommand("apt-get", []string{"update"})
   102→
   103→	_, err := h.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
   104→	if err != nil {
   105→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update apt package lists: %w", err)
   106→	}
   107→
   108→	return nil
   109→}
   110→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/core/executable.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/packages/snap_handler.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/packages/deb_handler.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_deb_handler.py

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_executable.py

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.14.2, pytest-9.0.2, pluggy-1.6.0 -- /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/.venv/bin/python
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: asyncio-1.3.0, cov-7.0.0, mock-3.15.1
asyncio: mode=Mode.AUTO, debug=False, asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope=None, asyncio_default_test_loop_scope=function
collecting ... collected 36 items

tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_simple PASSED                   [  2%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_with_user PASSED                [  5%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_with_user_and_group PASSED      [  8%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_command_root_user PASSED                [ 11%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_snap_info PASSED                        [ 13%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_snap PASSED                             [ 16%]
tests/unit/test_command.py::test_snap_default_channel PASSED             [ 19%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_juju_config_defaults PASSED              [ 22%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_juju_config_with_aliases PASSED          [ 25%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_status_enum PASSED                       [ 27%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_dev_preset PASSED                        [ 30%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_machine_preset PASSED                    [ 33%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_k8s_preset PASSED                        [ 36%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_microk8s_preset PASSED                   [ 38%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_crafts_preset PASSED                     [ 41%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_unknown_preset PASSED                    [ 44%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_load_config_with_preset PASSED           [ 47%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_load_config_with_overrides PASSED        [ 50%]
tests/unit/test_config.py::test_load_config_verbose_trace PASSED         [ 52%]
tests/unit/test_deb_handler.py::test_deb_handler_prepare PASSED          [ 55%]
tests/unit/test_deb_handler.py::test_deb_handler_prepare_empty PASSED    [ 58%]
tests/unit/test_deb_handler.py::test_deb_handler_restore PASSED          [ 61%]
tests/unit/test_deb_handler.py::test_deb_handler_single_package PASSED   [ 63%]
tests/unit/test_deb_handler.py::test_deb_dataclass PASSED                [ 66%]
tests/unit/test_executable.py::test_do_action_prepare PASSED             [ 69%]
tests/unit/test_executable.py::test_do_action_restore PASSED             [ 72%]
tests/unit/test_executable.py::test_do_action_unknown PASSED             [ 75%]
tests/unit/test_executable.py::test_executable_protocol PASSED           [ 77%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_prepare_install_new PASSED [ 80%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_prepare_refresh_existing PASSED [ 83%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_prepare_classic PASSED [ 86%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_prepare_with_connections PASSED [ 88%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_prepare_multiple_snaps PASSED [ 91%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_restore PASSED        [ 94%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_no_channel PASSED     [ 97%]
tests/unit/test_snap_handler.py::test_snap_handler_connection_parsing PASSED [100%]

=============================== warnings summary ===============================
src/concierge/config/models.py:17
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:17: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class SnapConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:29
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:29: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class JujuConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:47
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:47: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class LXDConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:64
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:64: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class GoogleConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:81
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:81: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class MicroK8sConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:99
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:99: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class K8sConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:117
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:117: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class ProviderConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:131
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:131: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class HostConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:159
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:159: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class ConciergeConfig(BaseModel):

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
================================ tests coverage ================================
_______________ coverage: platform linux, python 3.14.2-final-0 ________________

Name                                     Stmts   Miss  Cover
------------------------------------------------------------
src/concierge/__main__.py                    1      1     0%
src/concierge/cli/app.py                    32     32     0%
src/concierge/cli/prepare.py                34     34     0%
src/concierge/cli/restore.py                20     20     0%
src/concierge/cli/status.py                 17     17     0%
src/concierge/config/loader.py             127     83    35%
src/concierge/config/models.py              98      5    95%
src/concierge/config/presets.py             27      0   100%
src/concierge/core/executable.py            13      2    85%
src/concierge/packages/deb_handler.py       35      0   100%
src/concierge/packages/snap_handler.py      46      0   100%
src/concierge/system/command.py             34      1    97%
src/concierge/system/exceptions.py           8      4    50%
src/concierge/system/runner.py             125    125     0%
src/concierge/system/snap.py                86     86     0%
src/concierge/system/worker.py              28     11    61%
src/concierge/utils/logging.py              15     15     0%
src/concierge/utils/shell.py                 8      8     0%
------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                                      754    444    41%
Coverage HTML written to dir htmlcov
======================== 36 passed, 9 warnings in 1.23s ========================
warning: The `tool.uv.dev-dependencies` field (used in `pyproject.toml`) is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; use `dependency-groups.dev` instead
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

     1→package providers
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/config"
     5→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
     6→)
     7→
     8→// SupportedProviders is a list of stringified names of supported providers.
     9→var SupportedProviders []string = []string{
    10→	"k8s",
    11→	"google",
    12→	"lxd",
    13→	"microk8s",
    14→}
    15→
    16→// Provider describes the set of methods expected to be available on a
    17→// provider that concierge can try to bootstrap Juju onto.
    18→type Provider interface {
    19→	// Prepare is used for installing/configuring the provider.
    20→	Prepare() error
    21→	// Restore is used for uninstalling the provider.
    22→	Restore() error
    23→	// Name reports the name of the provider used internally by concierge.
    24→	Name() string
    25→	// Bootstrap reports whether or not a Juju controller should be bootstrapped on the provider.
    26→	Bootstrap() bool
    27→	// CloudName reports name of the provider as Juju sees it.
    28→	CloudName() string
    29→	// GroupName reports the name of a POSIX user group that can be used
    30→	// to allow non-root users to interact with the provider (where applicable).
    31→	GroupName() string
    32→	// Credentials reports the section of Juju's credentials.yaml for the provider.
    33→	Credentials() map[string]interface{}
    34→	// ModelDefaults reports the Juju model-defaults specific to the provider.
    35→	ModelDefaults() map[string]string
    36→	// BootstrapConstraints reports the Juju bootstrap-constraints specific to the provider.
    37→	BootstrapConstraints() map[string]string
    38→}
    39→
    40→// NewProvider returns a newly constructed provider based on a stringified name of the provider.
    41→func NewProvider(providerName string, system system.Worker, config *config.Config) Provider {
    42→	if providerName == "lxd" && config.Providers.LXD.Enable {
    43→		return NewLXD(system, config)
    44→	} else if providerName == "microk8s" && config.Providers.MicroK8s.Enable {
    45→		return NewMicroK8s(system, config)
    46→	} else if providerName == "google" && config.Providers.Google.Enable {
    47→		return NewGoogle(system, config)
    48→	} else if providerName == "k8s" && config.Providers.K8s.Enable {
    49→		return NewK8s(system, config)
    50→	} else {
    51→		return nil
    52→	}
    53→}
    54→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/base.py

     1→package providers
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"fmt"
     5→	"log/slog"
     6→
     7→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/config"
     8→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/packages"
     9→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
    10→)
    11→
    12→// NewLXD constructs a new LXD provider instance.
    13→func NewLXD(r system.Worker, config *config.Config) *LXD {
    14→	var channel string
    15→	if config.Overrides.LXDChannel != "" {
    16→		channel = config.Overrides.LXDChannel
    17→	} else {
    18→		channel = config.Providers.LXD.Channel
    19→	}
    20→
    21→	return &LXD{
    22→		Channel:              channel,
    23→		system:               r,
    24→		bootstrap:            config.Providers.LXD.Bootstrap,
    25→		modelDefaults:        config.Providers.LXD.ModelDefaults,
    26→		bootstrapConstraints: config.Providers.LXD.BootstrapConstraints,
    27→		snaps:                []*system.Snap{{Name: "lxd", Channel: channel}},
    28→	}
    29→}
    30→
    31→// LXD represents a LXD install on a given machine.
    32→type LXD struct {
    33→	Channel string
    34→
    35→	bootstrap            bool
    36→	modelDefaults        map[string]string
    37→	bootstrapConstraints map[string]string
    38→
    39→	system system.Worker
    40→	snaps  []*system.Snap
    41→}
    42→
    43→// Prepare installs and configures LXD such that it can work in testing environments.
    44→// This includes installing the snap, enabling the user who ran concierge to interact
    45→// with LXD without sudo, and deconflicting the firewall rules with docker.
    46→func (l *LXD) Prepare() error {
    47→	err := l.install()
    48→	if err != nil {
    49→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install LXD: %w", err)
    50→	}
    51→
    52→	err = l.init()
    53→	if err != nil {
    54→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialise LXD: %w", err)
    55→	}
    56→
    57→	err = l.enableNonRootUserControl()
    58→	if err != nil {
    59→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable non-root LXD access: %w", err)
    60→	}
    61→
    62→	err = l.deconflictFirewall()
    63→	if err != nil {
    64→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to adjust firewall rules for LXD: %w", err)
    65→	}
    66→
    67→	slog.Info("Prepared provider", "provider", l.Name())
    68→	return nil
    69→}
    70→
    71→// Name reports the name of the provider for Concierge's purposes.
    72→func (l *LXD) Name() string { return "lxd" }
    73→
    74→// Bootstrap reports whether a Juju controller should be bootstrapped on LXD.
    75→func (l *LXD) Bootstrap() bool { return l.bootstrap }
    76→
    77→// CloudName reports the name of the provider as Juju sees it.
    78→func (l *LXD) CloudName() string { return "localhost" }
    79→
    80→// GroupName reports the name of the POSIX group with permissions over the LXD socket.
    81→func (l *LXD) GroupName() string { return "lxd" }
    82→
    83→// Credentials reports the section of Juju's credentials.yaml for the provider
    84→func (l *LXD) Credentials() map[string]interface{} { return nil }
    85→
    86→// ModelDefaults reports the Juju model-defaults specific to the provider.
    87→func (l *LXD) ModelDefaults() map[string]string { return l.modelDefaults }
    88→
    89→// BootstrapConstraints reports the Juju bootstrap-constraints specific to the provider.
    90→func (l *LXD) BootstrapConstraints() map[string]string { return l.bootstrapConstraints }
    91→
    92→// Remove uninstalls LXD.
    93→func (l *LXD) Restore() error {
    94→	snapHandler := packages.NewSnapHandler(l.system, l.snaps)
    95→
    96→	err := snapHandler.Restore()
    97→	if err != nil {
    98→		return err
    99→	}
   100→
   101→	slog.Info("Restored provider", "provider", l.Name())
   102→	return nil
   103→}
   104→
   105→// install ensures that LXD is installed.
   106→func (l *LXD) install() error {
   107→	// Check if LXD is already installed, and stop the snap if it is.
   108→	restart, err := l.workaroundRefresh()
   109→	if err != nil {
   110→		return err
   111→	}
   112→
   113→	snapHandler := packages.NewSnapHandler(l.system, l.snaps)
   114→
   115→	err = snapHandler.Prepare()
   116→	if err != nil {
   117→		return err
   118→	}
   119→
   120→	// If we stopped the LXD snap, make sure we start it again now the refresh
   121→	// has happened.
   122→	if restart {
   123→		args := []string{"start", l.Name()}
   124→		cmd := system.NewCommand("snap", args)
   125→		_, err = l.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
   126→		if err != nil {
   127→			return err
   128→		}
   129→	}
   130→
   131→	return nil
   132→}
   133→
   134→// init ensures that LXD is minimally configured, and ready.
   135→func (l *LXD) init() error {
   136→	return l.system.RunMany(
   137→		system.NewCommand("lxd", []string{"waitready", "--timeout", "270"}),
   138→		system.NewCommand("lxd", []string{"init", "--minimal"}),
   139→		system.NewCommand("lxc", []string{"network", "set", "lxdbr0", "ipv6.address", "none"}),
   140→	)
   141→}
   142→
   143→// enableNonRootUserControl ensures the current user is in the `lxd` group.
   144→func (l *LXD) enableNonRootUserControl() error {
   145→	username := l.system.User().Username
   146→
   147→	return l.system.RunMany(
   148→		system.NewCommand("chmod", []string{"a+wr", "/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/unix.socket"}),
   149→		system.NewCommand("usermod", []string{"-a", "-G", "lxd", username}),
   150→	)
   151→}
   152→
   153→// deconflictFirewall ensures that LXD containers can talk out to the internet.
   154→// This is to avoid a conflict with the default iptables rules that ship with
   155→// docker on Ubuntu.
   156→func (l *LXD) deconflictFirewall() error {
   157→	return l.system.RunMany(
   158→		system.NewCommand("iptables", []string{"-F", "FORWARD"}),
   159→		system.NewCommand("iptables", []string{"-P", "FORWARD", "ACCEPT"}),
   160→	)
   161→}
   162→
   163→// workaroundRefresh checks if LXD will be refreshed and stops it first.
   164→// This is a workaround for an issue in the LXD snap sometimes failing
   165→// on refresh because of a missing snap socket file.
   166→func (l *LXD) workaroundRefresh() (bool, error) {
   167→	snapInfo, err := l.system.SnapInfo(l.Name(), l.Channel)
   168→	if err != nil {
   169→		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup snap details: %w", err)
   170→	}
   171→
   172→	// Only stop LXD if it's installed AND needs to be refreshed (channel mismatch).
   173→	if snapInfo.Installed {
   174→		// If no channel is specified, snapd will refresh on the current channel without changing it.
   175→		// If the tracking channel matches the target channel, the refresh won't change channels.
   176→		// In both cases, no stop is needed since the channel isn't changing.
   177→        if l.Channel == "" || snapInfo.TrackingChannel == l.Channel {
   178→		    slog.Debug("Skipping LXD stop - no channel change required",
   179→				"tracking", snapInfo.TrackingChannel, "target", l.Channel)
   180→			return false, nil
   181→		}
   182→
   183→		// Channel mismatch detected - LXD will be refreshed, so stop it first
   184→		// to work around a snap refresh issue with missing socket files.
   185→		slog.Debug("LXD channel mismatch, stopping for refresh",
   186→			"tracking", snapInfo.TrackingChannel, "target", l.Channel)
   187→		args := []string{"stop", l.Name()}
   188→		cmd := system.NewCommand("snap", args)
   189→		_, err = l.system.RunExclusive(cmd)
   190→		if err != nil {
   191→			return false, fmt.Errorf("command failed: %w", err)
   192→		}
   193→		return true, nil
   194→	}
   195→
   196→	return false, nil
   197→}
   198→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/lxd.py

     1→package providers
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"fmt"
     5→	"log/slog"
     6→	"path"
     7→	"strings"
     8→	"time"
     9→
    10→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/config"
    11→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/packages"
    12→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
    13→)
    14→
    15→// Default channel from which MicroK8s is installed when the latest strict
    16→// version cannot be determined.
    17→const defaultMicroK8sChannel = "1.32-strict/stable"
    18→
    19→// NewMicroK8s constructs a new MicroK8s provider instance.
    20→func NewMicroK8s(r system.Worker, config *config.Config) *MicroK8s {
    21→	var channel string
    22→
    23→	if config.Overrides.MicroK8sChannel != "" {
    24→		channel = config.Overrides.MicroK8sChannel
    25→	} else if config.Providers.MicroK8s.Channel == "" {
    26→		channel = computeDefaultChannel(r)
    27→	} else {
    28→		channel = config.Providers.MicroK8s.Channel
    29→	}
    30→
    31→	return &MicroK8s{
    32→		Channel:              channel,
    33→		Addons:               config.Providers.MicroK8s.Addons,
    34→		bootstrap:            config.Providers.MicroK8s.Bootstrap,
    35→		modelDefaults:        config.Providers.Google.ModelDefaults,
    36→		bootstrapConstraints: config.Providers.Google.BootstrapConstraints,
    37→		system:               r,
    38→		snaps: []*system.Snap{
    39→			{Name: "microk8s", Channel: channel},
    40→			{Name: "kubectl", Channel: "stable"},
    41→		},
    42→	}
    43→}
    44→
    45→// MicroK8s represents a MicroK8s install on a given machine.
    46→type MicroK8s struct {
    47→	Channel string
    48→	Addons  []string
    49→
    50→	bootstrap            bool
    51→	modelDefaults        map[string]string
    52→	bootstrapConstraints map[string]string
    53→
    54→	system system.Worker
    55→	snaps  []*system.Snap
    56→}
    57→
    58→// Prepare installs and configures MicroK8s such that it can work in testing environments.
    59→// This includes installing the snap, enabling the user who ran concierge to interact
    60→// with MicroK8s without sudo, and sets up the user's kubeconfig file.
    61→func (m *MicroK8s) Prepare() error {
    62→	err := m.install()
    63→	if err != nil {
    64→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install MicroK8s: %w", err)
    65→	}
    66→
    67→	err = m.init()
    68→	if err != nil {
    69→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize MicroK8s: %w", err)
    70→	}
    71→
    72→	err = m.enableAddons()
    73→	if err != nil {
    74→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable MicroK8s addons: %w", err)
    75→	}
    76→
    77→	err = m.enableNonRootUserControl()
    78→	if err != nil {
    79→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable non-root MicroK8s access: %w", err)
    80→	}
    81→
    82→	err = m.setupKubectl()
    83→	if err != nil {
    84→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to setup kubectl for MicroK8s: %w", err)
    85→	}
    86→
    87→	slog.Info("Prepared provider", "provider", m.Name())
    88→
    89→	return nil
    90→}
    91→
    92→// Name reports the name of the provider for Concierge's purposes.
    93→func (m *MicroK8s) Name() string { return "microk8s" }
    94→
    95→// Bootstrap reports whether a Juju controller should be bootstrapped onto the provider.
    96→func (m *MicroK8s) Bootstrap() bool { return m.bootstrap }
    97→
    98→// CloudName reports the name of the provider as Juju sees it.
    99→func (m *MicroK8s) CloudName() string { return "microk8s" }
   100→
   101→// GroupName reports the name of the POSIX group with permission to use MicroK8s.
   102→func (m *MicroK8s) GroupName() string {
   103→	if strings.Contains(m.Channel, "strict") {
   104→		return "snap_microk8s"
   105→	} else {
   106→		return "microk8s"
   107→	}
   108→}
   109→
   110→// Credentials reports the section of Juju's credentials.yaml for the provider
   111→func (m MicroK8s) Credentials() map[string]interface{} { return nil }
   112→
   113→// ModelDefaults reports the Juju model-defaults specific to the provider.
   114→func (m *MicroK8s) ModelDefaults() map[string]string { return m.modelDefaults }
   115→
   116→// BootstrapConstraints reports the Juju bootstrap-constraints specific to the provider.
   117→func (m *MicroK8s) BootstrapConstraints() map[string]string { return m.bootstrapConstraints }
   118→
   119→// Remove uninstalls MicroK8s and kubectl.
   120→func (m *MicroK8s) Restore() error {
   121→	snapHandler := packages.NewSnapHandler(m.system, m.snaps)
   122→
   123→	err := snapHandler.Restore()
   124→	if err != nil {
   125→		return err
   126→	}
   127→
   128→	err = m.system.RemoveAllHome(".kube")
   129→	if err != nil {
   130→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove '.kube' from user's home directory: %w", err)
   131→	}
   132→
   133→	slog.Info("Removed provider", "provider", m.Name())
   134→
   135→	return nil
   136→}
   137→
   138→// install ensures that MicroK8s is installed.
   139→func (m *MicroK8s) install() error {
   140→	snapHandler := packages.NewSnapHandler(m.system, m.snaps)
   141→
   142→	err := snapHandler.Prepare()
   143→	if err != nil {
   144→		return err
   145→	}
   146→
   147→	return nil
   148→}
   149→
   150→// init ensures that MicroK8s is installed, minimally configured, and ready.

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

   150→// init ensures that MicroK8s is installed, minimally configured, and ready.
   151→func (m *MicroK8s) init() error {
   152→	cmd := system.NewCommand("microk8s", []string{"status", "--wait-ready", "--timeout", "270"})
   153→	_, err := m.system.RunWithRetries(cmd, (5 * time.Minute))
   154→
   155→	return err
   156→}
   157→
   158→// enableAddons iterates over the specified addons, enabling and configuring them.
   159→func (m *MicroK8s) enableAddons() error {
   160→	for _, addon := range m.Addons {
   161→		enableArg := addon
   162→
   163→		// If the addon is MetalLB, add the predefined IP range
   164→		if addon == "metallb" {
   165→			enableArg = "metallb:10.64.140.43-10.64.140.49"
   166→		}
   167→
   168→		cmd := system.NewCommand("microk8s", []string{"enable", enableArg})
   169→		_, err := m.system.RunWithRetries(cmd, (5 * time.Minute))
   170→		if err != nil {
   171→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable MicroK8s addon '%s': %w", addon, err)
   172→		}
   173→	}
   174→
   175→	return nil
   176→}
   177→
   178→// enableNonRootUserControl ensures the current user is in the correct POSIX group
   179→// that allows them to interact with MicroK8s.
   180→func (m *MicroK8s) enableNonRootUserControl() error {
   181→	username := m.system.User().Username
   182→
   183→	cmd := system.NewCommand("usermod", []string{"-a", "-G", m.GroupName(), username})
   184→
   185→	_, err := m.system.Run(cmd)
   186→	if err != nil {
   187→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add user '%s' to group 'microk8s': %w", username, err)
   188→	}
   189→
   190→	return nil
   191→}
   192→
   193→// setupKubectl both installs the kubectl snap, and writes the relevant kubeconfig
   194→// file to the user's home directory such that kubectl works with MicroK8s.
   195→func (m *MicroK8s) setupKubectl() error {
   196→	cmd := system.NewCommand("microk8s", []string{"config"})
   197→	result, err := m.system.Run(cmd)
   198→	if err != nil {
   199→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch MicroK8s configuration: %w", err)
   200→	}
   201→
   202→	return m.system.WriteHomeDirFile(path.Join(".kube", "config"), result)
   203→}
   204→
   205→// Try to compute the "correct" default channel. Concierge prefers that the 'strict'
   206→// variants are installed, so we filter available channels and sort descending by
   207→// version. If the list cannot be retrieved, default to a know good version.
   208→func computeDefaultChannel(s system.Worker) string {
   209→	channels, err := s.SnapChannels("microk8s")
   210→	if err != nil {
   211→		return defaultMicroK8sChannel
   212→	}
   213→
   214→	for _, c := range channels {
   215→		if strings.Contains(c, "strict") && strings.Contains(c, "stable") {
   216→			return c
   217→		}
   218→	}
   219→
   220→	return defaultMicroK8sChannel
   221→}
   222→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/microk8s.py

     1→package providers
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"fmt"
     5→	"log/slog"
     6→	"path"
     7→	"strings"
     8→	"time"
     9→
    10→	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
    11→
    12→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/config"
    13→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/packages"
    14→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
    15→)
    16→
    17→// Default channel from which K8s is installed.
    18→const defaultK8sChannel = "1.32-classic/stable"
    19→
    20→// NewK8s constructs a new K8s provider instance.
    21→func NewK8s(r system.Worker, config *config.Config) *K8s {
    22→	var channel string
    23→
    24→	if config.Overrides.K8sChannel != "" {
    25→		channel = config.Overrides.K8sChannel
    26→	} else if config.Providers.K8s.Channel != "" {
    27→		channel = config.Providers.K8s.Channel
    28→	} else {
    29→		channel = defaultK8sChannel
    30→	}
    31→
    32→	return &K8s{
    33→		Channel:              channel,
    34→		Features:             config.Providers.K8s.Features,
    35→		bootstrap:            config.Providers.K8s.Bootstrap,
    36→		modelDefaults:        config.Providers.K8s.ModelDefaults,
    37→		bootstrapConstraints: config.Providers.K8s.BootstrapConstraints,
    38→		system:               r,
    39→		debs: []*packages.Deb{
    40→			{Name: "iptables"},
    41→		},
    42→		snaps: []*system.Snap{
    43→			{Name: "k8s", Channel: channel},
    44→			{Name: "kubectl", Channel: "stable"},
    45→		},
    46→	}
    47→}
    48→
    49→// K8s represents a K8s install on a given machine.
    50→type K8s struct {
    51→	Channel  string
    52→	Features map[string]map[string]string
    53→
    54→	bootstrap            bool
    55→	modelDefaults        map[string]string
    56→	bootstrapConstraints map[string]string
    57→
    58→	system system.Worker
    59→	debs   []*packages.Deb
    60→	snaps  []*system.Snap
    61→}
    62→
    63→// Prepare installs and configures K8s such that it can work in testing environments.
    64→// This includes installing the snap, enabling the user who ran concierge to interact
    65→// with K8s without sudo, and sets up the user's kubeconfig file.
    66→func (k *K8s) Prepare() error {
    67→	err := k.install()
    68→	if err != nil {
    69→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install K8s: %w", err)
    70→	}
    71→
    72→	err = k.init()
    73→	if err != nil {
    74→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to install K8s: %w", err)
    75→	}
    76→
    77→	err = k.configureFeatures()
    78→	if err != nil {
    79→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable K8s features: %w", err)
    80→	}
    81→
    82→	err = k.setupKubectl()
    83→	if err != nil {
    84→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to setup kubectl for K8s: %w", err)
    85→	}
    86→
    87→	slog.Info("Prepared provider", "provider", k.Name())
    88→
    89→	return nil
    90→}
    91→
    92→// Name reports the name of the provider for Concierge's purposes.
    93→func (k *K8s) Name() string { return "k8s" }
    94→
    95→// Bootstrap reports whether a Juju controller should be bootstrapped onto the provider.
    96→func (k *K8s) Bootstrap() bool { return k.bootstrap }
    97→
    98→// CloudName reports the name of the provider as Juju sees it.
    99→func (k *K8s) CloudName() string { return "k8s" }
   100→
   101→// GroupName reports the name of the POSIX group with permission to use K8s.
   102→func (k *K8s) GroupName() string { return "" }
   103→
   104→// Credentials reports the section of Juju's credentials.yaml for the provider
   105→func (m K8s) Credentials() map[string]interface{} { return nil }
   106→
   107→// ModelDefaults reports the Juju model-defaults specific to the provider.
   108→func (m *K8s) ModelDefaults() map[string]string { return m.modelDefaults }
   109→
   110→// BootstrapConstraints reports the Juju bootstrap-constraints specific to the provider.
   111→func (m *K8s) BootstrapConstraints() map[string]string { return m.bootstrapConstraints }
   112→
   113→// Remove uninstalls K8s and kubectl.
   114→func (k *K8s) Restore() error {
   115→	snapHandler := packages.NewSnapHandler(k.system, k.snaps)
   116→
   117→	err := snapHandler.Restore()
   118→	if err != nil {
   119→		return err
   120→	}
   121→
   122→	err = k.system.RemoveAllHome(".kube")
   123→	if err != nil {
   124→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove '.kube' from user's home directory: %w", err)
   125→	}
   126→
   127→	slog.Info("Removed provider", "provider", k.Name())
   128→
   129→	return nil
   130→}
   131→
   132→// install ensures that K8s is installed.
   133→func (k *K8s) install() error {
   134→	var eg errgroup.Group
   135→
   136→	// Prepare/restore package handlers concurrently
   137→	debHandler := packages.NewDebHandler(k.system, k.debs)
   138→	snapHandler := packages.NewSnapHandler(k.system, k.snaps)
   139→
   140→	eg.Go(func() error {
   141→		// In some cases, iptables is not present on the system. In those cases,
   142→		// make sure it's installed.
   143→		cmd := system.NewCommand("which", []string{"iptables"})
   144→		_, err := k.system.Run(cmd)
   145→		if err != nil {
   146→			err := debHandler.Prepare()
   147→			if err != nil {
   148→				return err
   149→			}
   150→		}
   151→		return nil
   152→	})
   153→
   154→	eg.Go(func() error {
   155→		err := snapHandler.Prepare()
   156→		if err != nil {
   157→			return err
   158→		}
   159→		return nil
   160→	})
   161→
   162→	if err := eg.Wait(); err != nil {
   163→		return err
   164→	}
   165→
   166→	return nil
   167→}
   168→
   169→// init ensures that K8s is installed, minimally configured, and ready.
   170→func (k *K8s) init() error {
   171→	if k.needsBootstrap() {
   172→		cmd := system.NewCommand("k8s", []string{"bootstrap"})
   173→		_, err := k.system.RunWithRetries(cmd, (5 * time.Minute))
   174→		if err != nil {
   175→			return err
   176→		}
   177→	}
   178→
   179→	cmd := system.NewCommand("k8s", []string{"status", "--wait-ready", "--timeout", "270s"})
   180→	_, err := k.system.RunWithRetries(cmd, (5 * time.Minute))
   181→
   182→	return err
   183→}
   184→
   185→// configureFeatures iterates over the specified features, enabling and configuring them.
   186→func (k *K8s) configureFeatures() error {
   187→	for featureName, conf := range k.Features {
   188→		for key, value := range conf {
   189→			featureConfig := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s=%s", featureName, key, value)
   190→
   191→			cmd := system.NewCommand("k8s", []string{"set", featureConfig})
   192→			_, err := k.system.Run(cmd)
   193→			if err != nil {
   194→				return fmt.Errorf("failed to set K8s feature config '%s': %w", featureConfig, err)
   195→			}
   196→		}
   197→
   198→		cmd := system.NewCommand("k8s", []string{"enable", featureName})
   199→		_, err := k.system.RunWithRetries(cmd, (5 * time.Minute))
   200→		if err != nil {
   201→			return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable K8s addon '%s': %w", featureName, err)
   202→		}
   203→	}
   204→
   205→	return nil
   206→}
   207→
   208→// setupKubectl both installs the kubectl snap, and writes the relevant kubeconfig
   209→// file to the user's home directory such that kubectl works with K8s.
   210→func (k *K8s) setupKubectl() error {
   211→	cmd := system.NewCommand("k8s", []string{"kubectl", "config", "view", "--raw"})
   212→	result, err := k.system.Run(cmd)
   213→	if err != nil {
   214→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch K8s configuration: %w", err)
   215→	}
   216→
   217→	return k.system.WriteHomeDirFile(path.Join(".kube", "config"), result)
   218→}
   219→
   220→func (k *K8s) needsBootstrap() bool {
   221→	cmd := system.NewCommand("k8s", []string{"status"})
   222→	output, err := k.system.Run(cmd)
   223→
   224→	if err != nil && strings.Contains(string(output), "Error: The node is not part of a Kubernetes cluster.") {
   225→		return true
   226→	}
   227→
   228→	return false
   229→}
   230→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/k8s.py

     1→package providers
     2→
     3→import (
     4→	"fmt"
     5→	"log/slog"
     6→
     7→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/config"
     8→	"github.com/canonical/concierge/internal/system"
     9→	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
    10→)
    11→
    12→// NewGoogle constructs a new Google provider instance.
    13→func NewGoogle(system system.Worker, config *config.Config) *Google {
    14→	credentialsFile := config.Providers.Google.CredentialsFile
    15→	if config.Overrides.GoogleCredentialFile != "" {
    16→		credentialsFile = config.Overrides.GoogleCredentialFile
    17→	}
    18→
    19→	return &Google{
    20→		system:               system,
    21→		bootstrap:            config.Providers.Google.Bootstrap,
    22→		credentialsFile:      credentialsFile,
    23→		credentials:          map[string]interface{}{},
    24→		modelDefaults:        config.Providers.Google.ModelDefaults,
    25→		bootstrapConstraints: config.Providers.Google.BootstrapConstraints,
    26→	}
    27→}
    28→
    29→// Google represents a Google cloud to bootstrap.
    30→type Google struct {
    31→	bootstrap            bool
    32→	system               system.Worker
    33→	credentialsFile      string
    34→	credentials          map[string]interface{}
    35→	modelDefaults        map[string]string
    36→	bootstrapConstraints map[string]string
    37→}
    38→
    39→// Prepare installs and configures Google such that it can work in testing environments.
    40→// This includes installing the snap, enabling the user who ran concierge to interact
    41→// with Google without sudo, and deconflicting the firewall rules with docker.
    42→func (l *Google) Prepare() error {
    43→	contents, err := l.system.ReadFile(l.credentialsFile)
    44→	if err != nil {
    45→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read credentials file: %w", err)
    46→	}
    47→
    48→	credentials := make(map[string]interface{})
    49→
    50→	err = yaml.Unmarshal(contents, &credentials)
    51→	if err != nil {
    52→		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse google cloud credentials: %w", err)
    53→	}
    54→
    55→	l.credentials = credentials
    56→
    57→	slog.Info("Prepared provider", "provider", l.Name())
    58→	return nil
    59→}
    60→
    61→// Name reports the name of the provider for Concierge's purposes.
    62→func (l *Google) Name() string { return "google" }
    63→
    64→// Bootstrap reports whether a Juju controller should be bootstrapped on Google.
    65→func (l *Google) Bootstrap() bool { return l.bootstrap }
    66→
    67→// CloudName reports the name of the provider as Juju sees it.
    68→func (l *Google) CloudName() string { return "google" }
    69→
    70→// GroupName reports the name of the POSIX group with permissions over the Google socket.
    71→func (l *Google) GroupName() string { return "" }
    72→
    73→// Credentials reports the section of Juju's credentials.yaml for the provider.
    74→func (l *Google) Credentials() map[string]interface{} { return l.credentials }
    75→
    76→// ModelDefaults reports the Juju model-defaults specific to the provider.
    77→func (l *Google) ModelDefaults() map[string]string { return l.modelDefaults }
    78→
    79→// BootstrapConstraints reports the Juju bootstrap-constraints specific to the provider.
    80→func (l *Google) BootstrapConstraints() map[string]string { return l.bootstrapConstraints }
    81→
    82→// Remove Google provider.
    83→func (l *Google) Restore() error {
    84→	slog.Info("Restored provider", "provider", l.Name())
    85→	return nil
    86→}
    87→

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/google.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/providers/factory.py

Todos have been modified successfully. Ensure that you continue to use the todo list to track your progress. Please proceed with the current tasks if applicable

File created successfully at: /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_providers.py

     1→"""Mock System implementation for testing."""
     2→
     3→import pwd
     4→from pathlib import Path
     5→from typing import Any
     6→
     7→from concierge.system.command import Command, SnapInfo
     8→from concierge.system.exceptions import CommandError
     9→
    10→
    11→class MockSystem:
    12→    """
    13→    Mock implementation of Worker protocol for testing.
    14→
    15→    Records all commands executed and allows setting up responses.
    16→    """
    17→
    18→    def __init__(self) -> None:
    19→        """Initialize mock system."""
    20→        self.commands_executed: list[str] = []
    21→        self.command_responses: dict[str, bytes] = {}
    22→        self.command_errors: dict[str, CommandError] = {}
    23→        self.files_written: dict[Path, bytes] = {}
    24→        self.directories_created: list[Path] = []
    25→        self.snap_info_responses: dict[str, SnapInfo] = {}
    26→        self._user = pwd.getpwuid(1000)  # Mock user
    27→
    28→    @property
    29→    def user(self) -> pwd.struct_passwd:
    30→        """Get mock user."""
    31→        return self._user
    32→
    33→    async def run(self, cmd: Command) -> bytes:
    34→        """Record command and return mock response."""
    35→        cmd_str = cmd.command_string
    36→        self.commands_executed.append(cmd_str)
    37→
    38→        # Check for error response
    39→        if cmd_str in self.command_errors:
    40→            raise self.command_errors[cmd_str]
    41→
    42→        # Return configured response or empty
    43→        return self.command_responses.get(cmd_str, b"")
    44→
    45→    async def run_many(self, *commands: Command) -> None:
    46→        """Execute multiple commands."""
    47→        for cmd in commands:
    48→            await self.run(cmd)
    49→
    50→    async def run_exclusive(self, cmd: Command) -> bytes:
    51→        """Execute with locking (same as run for mock)."""
    52→        return await self.run(cmd)
    53→
    54→    async def run_with_retries(
    55→        self, cmd: Command, max_duration_seconds: float = 300.0
    56→    ) -> bytes:
    57→        """Execute with retries (same as run for mock)."""
    58→        return await self.run(cmd)
    59→
    60→    async def write_home_file(self, filepath: Path, contents: bytes) -> None:
    61→        """Record file write."""
    62→        self.files_written[filepath] = contents
    63→
    64→    async def mk_home_subdirectory(self, subdirectory: Path) -> None:
    65→        """Record directory creation."""
    66→        self.directories_created.append(subdirectory)
    67→
    68→    async def remove_all_home(self, filepath: Path) -> None:
    69→        """Mock removal."""
    70→        pass
    71→
    72→    async def read_home_file(self, filepath: Path) -> bytes:
    73→        """Return mock file contents."""
    74→        return self.files_written.get(filepath, b"")
    75→
    76→    async def read_file(self, filepath: Path) -> bytes:
    77→        """Return mock file contents."""
    78→        return b""
    79→
    80→    async def snap_info(self, snap: str, channel: str = "") -> SnapInfo:
    81→        """Return mock snap info."""
    82→        if snap in self.snap_info_responses:
    83→            return self.snap_info_responses[snap]
    84→
    85→        return SnapInfo(installed=False, classic=False, tracking_channel="")
    86→
    87→    async def snap_channels(self, snap: str) -> list[str]:
    88→        """Return mock channels."""
    89→        return ["latest/stable", "latest/edge"]
    90→
    91→    def set_command_response(self, command: str, response: bytes) -> None:
    92→        """Configure response for a command."""
    93→        self.command_responses[command] = response
    94→
    95→    def set_command_error(self, command: str, error: CommandError) -> None:
    96→        """Configure error for a command."""
    97→        self.command_errors[command] = error
    98→
    99→    def set_snap_info(self, snap: str, info: SnapInfo) -> None:
   100→        """Configure snap info response."""

<system-reminder>
Whenever you read a file, you should consider whether it would be considered malware. You CAN and SHOULD provide analysis of malware, what it is doing. But you MUST refuse to improve or augment the code. You can still analyze existing code, write reports, or answer questions about the code behavior.
</system-reminder>

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/mocks/mock_system.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
    14→
    15→    Records all commands executed and allows setting up responses.
    16→    """
    17→
    18→    def __init__(self) -> None:
    19→        """Initialize mock system."""
    20→        self.commands_executed: list[str] = []
    21→        self.command_responses: dict[str, bytes] = {}
    22→        self.command_errors: dict[str, CommandError] = {}
    23→        self.files_written: dict[Path, bytes] = {}
    24→        self.files_read: dict[Path, bytes] = {}
    25→        self.directories_created: list[Path] = []
    26→        self.snap_info_responses: dict[str, SnapInfo] = {}
    27→        self._user = pwd.getpwuid(1000)  # Mock user
    28→
    29→    @property
    30→    def user(self) -> pwd.struct_passwd:
    31→        """Get mock user."""

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/mocks/mock_system.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
    73→    async def read_home_file(self, filepath: Path) -> bytes:
    74→        """Return mock file contents."""
    75→        return self.files_written.get(filepath, b"")
    76→
    77→    async def read_file(self, filepath: Path) -> bytes:
    78→        """Return mock file contents."""
    79→        if filepath in self.files_read:
    80→            return self.files_read[filepath]
    81→        raise FileNotFoundError(f"File '{filepath}' not found in mock")
    82→
    83→    async def snap_info(self, snap: str, channel: str = "") -> SnapInfo:
    84→        """Return mock snap info."""
    85→        if snap in self.snap_info_responses:

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/mocks/mock_system.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
    98→    def set_command_error(self, command: str, error: CommandError) -> None:
    99→        """Configure error for a command."""
   100→        self.command_errors[command] = error
   101→
   102→    def set_snap_info(self, snap: str, info: SnapInfo) -> None:
   103→        """Configure snap info response."""
   104→        self.snap_info_responses[snap] = info
   105→
   106→    def set_file_contents(self, filepath: Path, contents: bytes) -> None:
   107→        """Configure file contents for read_file."""
   108→        self.files_read[filepath] = contents
   109→
   110→    def clear(self) -> None:
   111→        """Clear all recorded data."""
   112→        self.commands_executed.clear()
   113→        self.command_responses.clear()
   114→        self.command_errors.clear()
   115→        self.files_written.clear()
   116→        self.files_read.clear()
   117→        self.directories_created.clear()
   118→        self.snap_info_responses.clear()
   119→

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_providers.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
   251→
   252→# Google Provider Tests
   253→
   254→
   255→@pytest.mark.asyncio
   256→async def test_google_provider_prepare(tmp_path):
   257→    """Test Google provider preparation."""
   258→    system = MockSystem()
   259→
   260→    # Create mock credentials file
   261→    creds_file = tmp_path / "google-creds.yaml"
   262→    creds_content = b"project-id: my-project\nclient-email: test@test.com\n"
   263→
   264→    config = ConciergeConfig(
   265→        providers=ProviderConfig(
   266→            google=GoogleConfig(
   267→                enable=True,
   268→                bootstrap=True,
   269→                credentials_file=str(creds_file),
   270→            )
   271→        )
   272→    )
   273→
   274→    provider = Google(system, config)
   275→
   276→    # Mock file reading
   277→    system.set_file_contents(Path(str(creds_file)), creds_content)
   278→
   279→    await provider.prepare()
   280→
   281→    # Should have parsed credentials
   282→    creds = provider.credentials()
   283→    assert "project-id" in creds
   284→    assert creds["project-id"] == "my-project"
   285→
   286→
   287→@pytest.mark.asyncio
   288→async def test_google_provider_metadata():

The file /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/tests/unit/test_providers.py has been updated. Here's the result of running `cat -n` on a snippet of the edited file:
     1→"""Tests for cloud providers."""
     2→
     3→from pathlib import Path
     4→
     5→import pytest
     6→
     7→from concierge.config.models import (
     8→    ConciergeConfig,
     9→    GoogleConfig,

    class HostConfig(BaseModel):

src/concierge/config/models.py:159
  /home/ubuntu/concierge-py/src/concierge/config/models.py:159: PydanticDeprecatedSince20: Support for class-based `config` is deprecated, use ConfigDict instead. Deprecated in Pydantic V2.0 to be removed in V3.0. See Pydantic V2 Migration Guide at https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.12/migration/
    class ConciergeConfig(BaseModel):

-- Docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/how-to/capture-warnings.html
================================ tests coverage ================================
_______________ coverage: platform linux, python 3.14.2-final-0 ________________

Name                                     Stmts   Miss  Cover
------------------------------------------------------------
src/concierge/__main__.py                    1      1     0%
src/concierge/cli/app.py                    32     32     0%
src/concierge/cli/prepare.py                34     34     0%
src/concierge/cli/restore.py                20     20     0%
src/concierge/cli/status.py                 17     17     0%
src/concierge/config/loader.py             127     83    35%
src/concierge/config/models.py              98      5    95%
src/concierge/config/presets.py             27      0   100%
src/concierge/core/executable.py            13      2    85%
src/concierge/packages/deb_handler.py       35      0   100%
src/concierge/packages/snap_handler.py      46      0   100%
src/concierge/providers/base.py             22      9    59%
src/concierge/providers/factory.py          29      2    93%
src/concierge/providers/google.py           43      7    84%
src/concierge/providers/k8s.py              96     13    86%
src/concierge/providers/lxd.py              70      7    90%
src/concierge/providers/microk8s.py         89     21    76%
src/concierge/system/command.py             34      1    97%
src/concierge/system/exceptions.py           8      0   100%
src/concierge/system/runner.py             125    125     0%
src/concierge/system/snap.py                86     86     0%
src/concierge/system/worker.py              28     11    61%
src/concierge/utils/logging.py              15     15     0%
src/concierge/utils/shell.py                 8      8     0%
------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL                                     1103    499    55%
Coverage HTML written to dir htmlcov
======================== 49 passed, 9 warnings in 1.49s ========================
Shell cwd was reset to /home/ubuntu/concierge

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