Module sys |
[hide private]
[frames] | no frames]

# Module sys

    This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the
    interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.

    Dynamic objects:

    argv -- command line arguments; argv[0] is the script pathname if known
    path -- module search path; path[0] is the script directory, else ''
    modules -- dictionary of loaded modules

    displayhook -- called to show results in an interactive session
    excepthook -- called to handle any uncaught exception other than SystemExit
      To customize printing in an interactive session or to install a custom
      top-level exception handler, assign other functions to replace these.

    exitfunc -- if sys.exitfunc exists, this routine is called when Python exits
      Assigning to sys.exitfunc is deprecated; use the atexit module instead.

    stdin -- standard input file object; used by raw_input() and input()
    stdout -- standard output file object; used by the print statement
    stderr -- standard error object; used for error messages
      By assigning other file objects (or objects that behave like files)
      to these, it is possible to redirect all of the interpreter's I/O.

    last_type -- type of last uncaught exception
    last_value -- value of last uncaught exception
    last_traceback -- traceback of last uncaught exception
      These three are only available in an interactive session after a
      traceback has been printed.

    exc_type -- type of exception currently being handled
    exc_value -- value of exception currently being handled
    exc_traceback -- traceback of exception currently being handled
      The function exc_info() should be used instead of these three,
      because it is thread-safe.

    Static objects:

    maxint -- the largest supported integer (the smallest is -maxint-1)
    maxunicode -- the largest supported character
    builtin_module_names -- tuple of module names built into this interpreter
    version -- the version of this interpreter as a string
    version_info -- version information as a tuple
    hexversion -- version information encoded as a single integer
    copyright -- copyright notice pertaining to this interpreter
    platform -- platform identifier
    executable -- pathname of this Python interpreter
    prefix -- prefix used to find the Python library
    exec_prefix -- prefix used to find the machine-specific Python library
    dllhandle -- [Windows only] integer handle of the Python DLL
    winver -- [Windows only] version number of the Python DLL
    __stdin__ -- the original stdin; don't touch!
    __stdout__ -- the original stdout; don't touch!
    __stderr__ -- the original stderr; don't touch!
    __displayhook__ -- the original displayhook; don't touch!
    __excepthook__ -- the original excepthook; don't touch!

    Functions:

    displayhook() -- print an object to the screen, and save it in __builtin__._
    excepthook() -- print an exception and its traceback to sys.stderr
    exc_info() -- return thread-safe information about the current exception
    exc_clear() -- clear the exception state for the current thread
    exit() -- exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit
    getdlopenflags() -- returns flags to be used for dlopen() calls
    getrefcount() -- return the reference count for an object (plus one :-)
    getrecursionlimit() -- return the max recursion depth for the interpreter
    setcheckinterval() -- control how often the interpreter checks for events
    setdlopenflags() -- set the flags to be used for dlopen() calls
    setprofile() -- set the global profiling function
    setrecursionlimit() -- set the max recursion depth for the interpreter
    settrace() -- set the global debug tracing function

Functions | [hide private]
__displayhook__(object) Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in __builtin__. |
__excepthook__(exctype, value, traceback) Handle an exception by displaying it with a traceback on sys.stderr. |
_current_frames() Return a dictionary mapping each current thread T's thread id to T's current stack frame. |
_getframe(depth=...) Return a frame object from the call stack. |
call_tracing(func, args) Call func(*args), while tracing is enabled. |
callstats() Return a tuple of function call statistics, if CALL_PROFILE was defined when Python was built. |
displayhook(object) Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in __builtin__. |
exc_clear() Clear global information on the current exception. |
exc_info() Return information about the most recent exception caught by an except clause in the current stack frame or in an older stack frame. |
excepthook(exctype, value, traceback) Handle an exception by displaying it with a traceback on sys.stderr. |
exit(status=...) Exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit(status). |
getcheckinterval() Returns: current check interval; see setcheckinterval(). |
getdefaultencoding() Return the current default string encoding used by the Unicode implementation. |
getfilesystemencoding() Return the encoding used to convert Unicode filenames in operating system filenames. |
getrecursionlimit() Return the current value of the recursion limit, the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack. |
getrefcount(object) Return the reference count of object. |
getwindowsversion() Return information about the running version of Windows. |
setcheckinterval(n) Tell the Python interpreter to check for asynchronous events every n instructions. |
setprofile(function) Set the profiling function. |
setrecursionlimit(n) Set the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack to n. |
settrace(function) Set the global debug tracing function. |

Variables | [hide private]
| __egginsert = `5`
| __plen = `9`
| __stderr__ = `<open file '<stderr>', mode 'w' at 0x00CAF0B0>`
| __stdin__ = `<open file '<stdin>', mode 'r' at 0x00CAF020>`
| __stdout__ = `<open file '<stdout>', mode 'w' at 0x00CAF068>`
| api_version = `1013`
| argv = ``[``'``epydoc``'``,` `'``-v``'``,` `'``-o``'``,` `'``doc``'``,` `'``--name``'``,` `'``cssutils``'``,` `'``--``...``
| builtin_module_names = ``(``'``__builtin__``'``,` `'``__main__``'``,` `'``_ast``'``,` `'``_b``...``
| byteorder = ``'``little``'``
| copyright = ``'``Copyright (c) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundatio``...``
| dllhandle = `503316480`
| exc_type = `<cssutils.errorhandler._ErrorHandler object at 0x01`...``
| exec_prefix = ``'``I:\\program\\Python25``'``
| executable = ``'``I:\\program\\Python25\\python.exe``'``
| hexversion = `33882608`
| maxint = `2147483647`
| maxunicode = `65535`
| meta_path = ``[``]``
| modules = ``{``'``ConfigParser``'``:` <module 'ConfigParser' from 'I:\pro`...``
| path = ``[``u'``i:\\dev-workspace\\cssutils\\src``'``,` `'``i:\\dev-workspac``...``
| path_hooks = ``[`<type 'zipimport.zipimporter'>`]``
| path_importer_cache = ``{``'````'``:` None`,` `'``C:\\Windows\\system32\\pytho``...``
| platform = ``'``win32``'``
| prefix = ``'``I:\\program\\Python25``'``
| stderr = `<open file '<stderr>', mode 'w' at 0x00CAF0B0>`
| stdin = `<open file '<stdin>', mode 'r' at 0x00CAF020>`
| stdout = `<open file '<stdout>', mode 'w' at 0x00CAF068>`
| subversion = ``(``'``CPython``'``,` `'``tags/r251``'``,` `'``54863``'``)``
| version = ``'``2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.13``...``
| version_info = ``(`2`,` 5`,` 1`,` `'``final``'``,` 0`)``
| warnoptions = ``[``]``
| winver = ``'``2.5``'``

Function Details | [hide private]

### __displayhook__(object) |
  Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in __builtin__. Returns:
      None

### __excepthook__(exctype, value, traceback) |
  Handle an exception by displaying it with a traceback on sys.stderr. Returns:
      None

### _current_frames() |
  Return a dictionary mapping each current thread T's thread id to T's current stack frame. This function should be used for specialized purposes only. Returns:
      dictionary

### _getframe(depth=...) |
  Return a frame object from the call stack. If optional integer depth is given, return the frame object that many calls below the top of the stack. If that is deeper than the call stack, ValueError is raised. The default for depth is zero, returning the frame at the top of the call stack. This function should be used for internal and specialized purposes only. Returns:
      frameobject

### call_tracing(func, args) |
  Call func(*args), while tracing is enabled. The tracing state is saved, and restored afterwards. This is intended to be called from a debugger from a checkpoint, to recursively debug some other code. Returns:
      object

### callstats() |
    Return a tuple of function call statistics, if CALL_PROFILE was defined
    when Python was built.  Otherwise, return None.

    When enabled, this function returns detailed, implementation-specific
    details about the number of function calls executed. The return value is
    a 11-tuple where the entries in the tuple are counts of:
    0. all function calls
    1. calls to PyFunction_Type objects
    2. PyFunction calls that do not create an argument tuple
    3. PyFunction calls that do not create an argument tuple
       and bypass PyEval_EvalCodeEx()
    4. PyMethod calls
    5. PyMethod calls on bound methods
    6. PyType calls
    7. PyCFunction calls
    8. generator calls
    9. All other calls
    10. Number of stack pops performed by call_function()
  Returns:
      tuple of integers

### displayhook(object) |
  Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in __builtin__. Returns:
      None

### exc_clear() |
  Clear global information on the current exception. Subsequent calls to exc_info() will return (None,None,None) until another exception is raised in the current thread or the execution stack returns to a frame where another exception is being handled. Returns:
      None

### exc_info() |
  Return information about the most recent exception caught by an except clause in the current stack frame or in an older stack frame. Returns:
      (type, value, traceback)

### excepthook(exctype, value, traceback) |
  Handle an exception by displaying it with a traceback on sys.stderr. Returns:
      None

### exit(status=...) |
Exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit(status). If the status is omitted or None, it defaults to zero (i.e., success). If the status is numeric, it will be used as the system exit status. If it is another kind of object, it will be printed and the system exit status will be one (i.e., failure).

### getcheckinterval() |
  Returns:
      current check interval; see setcheckinterval().

### getdefaultencoding() |
  Return the current default string encoding used by the Unicode implementation. Returns:
      string

### getfilesystemencoding() |
  Return the encoding used to convert Unicode filenames in operating system filenames. Returns:
      string

### getrecursionlimit() |
Return the current value of the recursion limit, the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack. This limit prevents infinite recursion from causing an overflow of the C stack and crashing Python.

### getrefcount(object) |
  Return the reference count of object. The count returned is generally one higher than you might expect, because it includes the (temporary) reference as an argument to getrefcount(). Returns:
      integer

### getwindowsversion() |
Return information about the running version of Windows. The result is a tuple of (major, minor, build, platform, text) All elements are numbers, except text which is a string. Platform may be 0 for win32s, 1 for Windows 9x/ME, 2 for Windows NT/2000/XP

### setcheckinterval(n) |
Tell the Python interpreter to check for asynchronous events every n instructions. This also affects how often thread switches occur.

### setprofile(function) |
Set the profiling function. It will be called on each function call and return. See the profiler chapter in the library manual.

### setrecursionlimit(n) |
Set the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack to n. This limit prevents infinite recursion from causing an overflow of the C stack and crashing Python. The highest possible limit is platform- dependent.

### settrace(function) |
Set the global debug tracing function. It will be called on each function call. See the debugger chapter in the library manual.

Variables Details | [hide private]

  ### argv Value:
      ['epydoc',
       '-v',
       '-o',
       'doc',
       '--name',
       'cssutils',
       '--url',
       'http://cthedot.de/cssutils/',
      ...

  ### builtin_module_names Value:
      ('__builtin__',
       '__main__',
       '_ast',
       '_bisect',
       '_codecs',
       '_codecs_cn',
       '_codecs_hk',
       '_codecs_iso2022',
      ...

  ### copyright Value:
      '''Copyright (c) 2001-2007 Python Software Foundation.
      All Rights Reserved.

      Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com.
      All Rights Reserved.

      Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives.
      All Rights Reserved.
      ...

  ### exc_type Value:
      None

  ### modules Value:
      {'ConfigParser': <module 'ConfigParser' from 'I:\program\Python25\lib\
      ConfigParser.pyc'>,
       'FixTk': <module 'FixTk' from 'I:\program\Python25\lib\lib-tk\FixTk.p
      yc'>,
       'HTMLParser': <module 'HTMLParser' from 'I:\program\Python25\lib\HTML
      Parser.pyc'>,
       'Image': <module 'Image' from 'I:\program\Python25\lib\site-packages\
      PIL\Image.pyc'>,
      ...

  ### path Value:
      [u'i:\\dev-workspace\\cssutils\\src',
       'i:\\dev-workspace\\cssutils',
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\lib\\site-packages\\setuptools-0.6c7-py2.5.eg
      g',
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\lib\\site-packages\\numpy-1.0.3.1-py2.5-win32
      .egg',
       'i:\\program\\python25\\lib\\site-packages',
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\lib\\site-packages\\pylogo-0.4-py2.5.egg',
      ...

  ### path_importer_cache Value:
      {'': None,
       'C:\\Windows\\system32\\python25.zip': <imp.NullImporter object at 0x
      00CC0020>,
       'I:\\program\\Python25': None,
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\DLLs': None,
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\lib': None,
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\lib\\curses': None,
       'I:\\program\\Python25\\lib\\encodings': None,
      ...

  ### version Value:
      '2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
      '