Erlang Reference Manual

User's Guide

Version 10.6.4

• User's Guide
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Chapters

• Introduction
  • Top of chapter
  • Purpose
  • Prerequisites
  • Document Conventions
  • Complete List of BIFs
  • Reserved Words
• Character Set and Source File Encoding
  • Top of chapter
  • Character Set
  • Source File Encoding
• Data Types
  • Top of chapter
  • Terms
  • Number
  • Atom
  • Bit Strings and Binaries
  • Reference
  • Fun
  • Port Identifier
  • Pid
  • Tuple
  • Map
  • List
  • String
  • Record
  • Boolean
  • Escape Sequences
  • Type Conversions
• Pattern Matching
  • Top of chapter
  • Pattern Matching
• Modules
  • Top of chapter
  • Module Syntax
  • Module Attributes
  • Comments
  • module_info/0 and module_info/1 functions
• Functions
  • Top of chapter
  • Function Declaration Syntax
  • Function Evaluation
  • Tail recursion
  • Built-In Functions (BIFs)
• Types and Function Specifications
  • Top of chapter
  • The Erlang Type Language
  • Types and their Syntax
  • Type Declarations of User-Defined Types
  • Type Information in Record Declarations
  • Specifications for Functions
• Expressions
  • Top of chapter
  • Expression Evaluation
  • Terms
  • Variables
  • Patterns
  • Match
  • Function Calls
  • If
  • Case
  • Send
  • Receive
  • Term Comparisons
  • Arithmetic Expressions
  • Boolean Expressions
  • Short-Circuit Expressions
  • List Operations
  • Map Expressions
  • Bit Syntax Expressions
  • Fun Expressions
  • Catch and Throw
  • Try
  • Parenthesized Expressions
  • Block Expressions
  • List Comprehensions
  • Bit String Comprehensions
  • Guard Sequences
  • Operator Precedence
• Preprocessor
  • Top of chapter
  • File Inclusion
  • Defining and Using Macros
  • Predefined Macros
  • Macros Overloading
  • Flow Control in Macros
  • -error() and -warning() directives
  • Stringifying Macro Arguments
• Records
  • Top of chapter
  • Defining Records
  • Creating Records
  • Accessing Record Fields
  • Updating Records
  • Records in Guards
  • Records in Patterns
  • Nested Records
  • Internal Representation of Records
• Errors and Error Handling
  • Top of chapter
  • Terminology
  • Exceptions
  • Handling of Run-time Errors in Erlang
  • Exit Reasons
• Processes
  • Top of chapter
  • Processes
  • Process Creation
  • Registered Processes
  • Process Termination
  • Message Sending
  • Links
  • Error Handling
  • Monitors
  • Process Dictionary
• Distributed Erlang
  • Top of chapter
  • Distributed Erlang System
  • Nodes
  • Node Connections
  • epmd
  • Hidden Nodes
  • C Nodes
  • Security
  • Distribution BIFs
  • Distribution Command-Line Flags
  • Distribution Modules
• Compilation and Code Loading
  • Top of chapter
  • Compilation
  • Code Loading
  • Code Replacement
  • Running a Function When a Module is Loaded
• Ports and Port Drivers
  • Top of chapter
  • Ports
  • Port Drivers
  • Port BIFs

Erlang Reference Manual User's Guide

Version 10.6.4

August 3, 2026